Getting Started with

1
Getting Started with LAN Networks
2
Course Objectives

• Upon completion of this course, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Determine when to use a hub, Ethernet switch, or
  multiprotocol router
• Interconnect switches and routers according to a
  specification
• Configure switches and routers to support LAN
  service
• Set up IP subnet addressing and address utilities
  for effective network administration

3
Course Objectives

• Verify that switches, routers, and their
  configured network services operate as intended
• Recognize a network problem, identify the source
  of the problem, and resolve it.

4
Course Topics
WAN
5
Participant Role
6
Welcome PleaseIntroduce Yourself

• Your name and work Iocation
• Your job responsibility
• Your internetworking experience
• Your objectives for this week

7
Course Syllabus

Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
OSI Reference Model
Assembling and Cabling Network Devices
Managing Your LAN Network
LAN Protocol
Operating and Configuring Network Devices -
Router
WAN Protocol
Test
Introduction to TCP/IP
Appendix Building Lan Network for Home LAN/SOHO
user
Operating and Configuring Network Devices -
Switch
Introduction to SK Telecom network
8
Graphic Symbols
Bridge
Switch
Router
Multi-layer Switch
Network Switch
Personal computer
File Server
Data Service Unit/ Channel Service Unit
Modem
Hub
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Serial Line
Circuit Switched Line
Network Cloud
9
OSI Reference Model
10
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Identify and describe the functions of each of
  the seven layers of the OSI reference model
• Define and explain the 5 conversion steps of
  data encapsulation

11
OSI Reference Model

• OSI Model Overview

?? ???
??? ???
?? ???
7
7
? 7 ? ???(Applicaion Layer)
6
6
? 6 ? ???(Presentation Layer)
?????
? ? ?
5
5
? 5 ? ???(Session Layer)
4
4
? 4 ? ???(Transport Layer)
?????
3
3
3
? 3 ? ????(Network Layer)
? ? ?
?? ???? ???
2
? 2 ? ??????(Data Link Layer)
2
2
1
1
1
? 1 ? ???(Physical Layer)
Communication Media
12
OSI Reference Model

• Role of Application Layers

EXAMPLES
Telnet HTTP
Application
User Interface
ASCII EBCDIC JPEG
How data is presented Special processing such as
encryption
Presentation
Operating System/ Application Access Scheduling
Keeping different applications data separate
Session
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link
Physical
13
OSI Reference Model

• Role of Data Flow Layers

EXAMPLES
Application
Presentation
Session
TCP UDP SPX
Reliable or unreliable delivery Error correction
before retransmission
Transport Layer
IP IPX
Provide logical addressing which routers use for
path determination
Network Layer
Combines bits int bytes and bytes into
frames Access to media using MAC address Error
detection not correction
802.3/802.2 HDLC
Data Link
Move bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire
speed and pin-out cables
EIA/TIA-232 V.35
Physical
14
OSI Reference Model

• Network Layer Communication Model

Open System
Open System
NS Network Service
Transport Layer
NS ???
NS ???
Network Service Access Point
Network Service
Network Protocol
NS ???
NS ???
Network Layer
Data Link Service Access Point
Data Link Service
Data Link Layer ??
15
Communicating Between Layers

• Encapsulating Data

PDU
Session
Upper Layer Data
Segment
Transport
Upper Layer Data
TCP Header
Packet
Network
Data
IP Header
Data
FCS
Frame
LLC Header
Data Link
Data
FCS
MAC Header
Bits
Physical
010111010110001000011110
16
Communicating Between Layers

• Encapsulating Data

PDU
Session
Upper Layer Data
Segment
Transport
Upper Layer Data
TCP Header
Packet
Network
Data
IP Header
Data
FCS
Frame
LLC Header
Data Link
Data
FCS
MAC Header
Bits
Physical
010111010110001000011110
17
Communicating Between Layers

• De-encapsulating Data

Upper Layer Data
Session
Transport
Upper Layer Data
TCP Upper Layer Data
Network
IP TCP Upper Layer Data
Data Link
LLC Hdr IP TCP Upper layer Data
Physical
010111010110001000011110
18
LAN Protocol
19
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Describe data link address and network addresses,
  and identify the key differences between them
• List the key internetworking functions of the OSI
  Network layer and how they are performed in a
  router

20
Physical Layers Functions

• Media type
• Connection type
• Signaling type

EIA-TIA-232
Physical Layer
Ethernet
V.35
802.3
21
Physical Layers Functions

• Physical Layer Ethernet/802.3

Router
10Base2 - Thick Ethernet 10Base5 - Thick Ethernet
Host
Hub
10BaseT - Twisted Pair
Hosts
22
Data Link layers Functions

• Physical source and destination addresses
• Higher layer protocol (Service Access Point)
• Network topology
• Frame sequencing
• Flow control
• Connection-oriented or connectionless

Frame Relay
HDLC
802.2
Data Link
EIA-TIA-232
Ethernet
802.3
V.35
Physical
23
Data Link layers Functions (cont.)
MAC Layer - 802.3
Bytes
8
6
6
2
Variable
4
Preamble
Dest add
Source add
Length
Data
FCS
Ethernet II uses Type here and does not
use 802.2
0000.0C
xx.xxxx
IEEE assigned
Vendor assigned
MAC Layer
24
Data Link layers Functions (cont.)
MAC Layer - 802.3
Bytes
8
6
6
2
Variable
4
Preamble
Dest add
Source add
Length
Data
FCS
Ethernet II uses Type here and does not
use 802.2
0000.0C
xx.xxxx
IEEE assigned
Vendor assigned
MAC Layer
25
Data Link layers Functions (cont.)
802.2 (SNAP)
Bytes
8
6
6
2
Variable
4
Dest SAP AA
Source SAP AA
Ctrl 03
OUI ID
Type
Data
Or
802.2 (SAP)
Dest SAP
Source SAP
Ctrl 03
Data
Preamble
Dest add
Source add
Length
Data
FCS
MAC Layer - 802.3
26
Network Layers Functions

• Define logical source and destination addresses
  associated with a specific protocol
• Define paths through network
• Interconnects multiple data link

IP, IPX
Network
Frame Relay
HDLC
802.2
Data Link
EIA-TIA-232
Ethernet
802.3
V.35
Physical
27
Network Layers Functions (cont.)
Network Layer End Station Packet
Destination address
Source address
IP Header
Data

• Logical Address

150.20.1.3
Network
Node
28
Network Layers Functions (cont.)
Address
Mask
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
Binary Address
172
16
122
204
10101100
00010000
01111010
11001100
Binary Mask
255
255
0
0
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
Network
Host
29
Network Layers Functions (cont.)
1.0
4.0
1.1
4.1
1.3
2.1
2.2
4.3
4.2
1.2
E0
S0
S0
E0
Routing Table
Routing Table
NET
INT
Metric
NET
INT
Metric
1 2 4
E0 S0 S0
0 0 1
1 2 4
S0 S0 E0
1 0 0

• Logical addressing allows for hierarchical
  network
• Configuration required
• Uses configured information to identify paths to
  networks

30
Transport Layers Functions

• Reliable Transport Layer Function

Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Connection Established
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
31
WAN Protocol
32
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Differentiate between the following WAN services
  Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP
• Identify PPP operations to encapsulate Wan data
  on Router
• Recognize key Frame Relay terms and features
• Determine how Frame Relay operates

33
WAN Overviews
Service Provider

• WANs connect sites
• Connection requirements vary depending on user
  requirements and cost

34
WAN Connection TypesLayer 1
Synchronous serial
Leased Line
Asynchronous serial, ISDN Layer 1
Telephone Company
Circuit-Switched
Synchronous serial
Service Provider
Packet-Switched
35
Interfacing WAN ServiceProviders
WAN service provider toll network
CO Switch
Local Loop
Trunks and switches
Demarcation
Customer Premises Equipment
Point-to-point or circuit-switched connection

• Provider assigns connection parameters to
  subscriber

36
Typical WAN EncapsulationProtocols Layer 2
HDLC, PPP, SLIP
Leased Line
PPP, SLIP, HDLC
Telephone Company
Circuit-Switched
X,25, Frame Relay, ATM
Service Provider
Packet-Switched
37
HDLC Frame Format
Cisco HDLC
Flag
Address
Proprietary
Data
FCS
Flag
Control

• Ciscos HDLC has a proprietary data field to
  support multiprotocol environments

HDLC
Flag
Address
Data
FCS
Flag
Control

• Supports only single protocol environments

38
An Overview of PPP
Multiple protocol encapsulation using NCPs in PPP
TCP/IP Novell IPX AppleTalk
PPP Encapsulation
Link setup and control using LCP in PPP

• WANs connect sites
• Connection requirements vary depending on user
  requirements and cost

39
Layering PPP Elements
IPX
IP
Layer 3 Protocol
Network Layer
IPXCP
IPCP
Many Others
PPP
Network Control Protocol
Data Link Layer
Authentication, other options Link Control
Protocol
Synchronous or Asynchronous Physical Media
Physical
PPP - A data link with network-layer services
40
PPP LCP Configuration Options
Feature
How it Operates
Protocol
Require a password Perform Challenge Handshake
PAP CHAP
Authentication
Compress data at source reproduce data
at destination
Stacker or Predictor
Compression
Error Detection
Monitor data dropped on link Avoid frame looping
Magic Number
Load balancing across multiple links
Multilink Protocol (MP)
Multilink
41
Selecting a PPP AuthenticationProtocol
Remote Router (SantaCruz)
Central-Site Router (HQ)
PAP 2-Way Handshake
Santacruz, boardwalk
Accept/Reject
Hostnamesantacruz Passwordboardwalk
Hostnamesantacruz Passwordboardwalk

• Passwords sent in clear text
• Peer in control of attempts

42
Selecting a PPP AuthenticationProtocol (cont.)
CHAP 3-Way Handshake
Remote Router (SantaCruz)
Central-Site Router (HQ)
Challenge
Response
Accept/Reject
Hostnamesantacruz Passwordboardwalk
Hostnamesantacruz Passwordboardwalk
Use Select known only to authenticator and peer
43
Frame Relay Overview
DCE or Frame Relay Switch
Frame Relay works here

• Virtual circuits make connection
• Connection-oriented service

44
Frame Relay Stack
OSI Reference Model
Frame Relay
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
IP/IPX/AppleTalk,etc.
Network
Frame Relay
Data Link
EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, EIA/TIA-530
Physical
45
Frame Relay Terminology
PVC
DLCI 200
Local Access Loop64kbps
Local Access LoopT1
Local Access Loop64kbps
46
Introduction to TCP/IP
47
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Identify the IP protocol stack, its protocol
  layer functions, and commonly used IP protocols.
• Identify IP address classes, IP addresses, IP
  subnet masks, IP network numbers, subnet numbers,
  and possible host numbers.
• Configure IP addresses and subnet masks on a
  router interface and optionally configure a host
  table.
• Interconnect the VLANs with a layer three device
  such as a router on a stick.

48
Introduction to TCP/IP
Host
Host
Internet
TCP/IP

• Early protocol suite
• Universal

49
TCP/IP- Protocol stack
OSI Reference Model
TCP/IP
7
Application
Presentation
6
Application
Session
5
5
Transport
Transport
4
4
3
3
Network
Internet
Data link
Data Link
2
2
1
1
Physical
Physical
50
Application Layer Overview
File Transfer - TFTP - FTP
- NFS E-mail - SMTP Remote Login
- Telnet - rlogin Network Management
- SNMP Name Management - DNS
TCP/IP
Application
Transport
Internet
Used by the Router
Data link
Physical
51
Transport Layer Overview
TCP/IP
Application
Transport
Internet
Data link
Physical
52
Port Numbers
Application Layer
F T P
T E L N E T
S M T P
D N S
T F T P
S N M P
R I P
Port Number
Transport Layer
TCP
UDP
53
TCP Port Numbers
Host A
Host Z
Telnet Z
DP
SP
Dest. Port23. Send packet to my Telnet applicatio
n
.
23
1028
54
TCP Three WayHandshake/Open connection
Host A
Host B
Send SYN (seq100 ctlSYN)
SYN received
Send SYN (seq300 ack101 ctlsyn,ack)
SYN received
Established (seq101 ack301 ctlack)
55
TCP Simple Acknowledgment
Sender
Receiver
Send 1
Receive 1
Send ACK 2
Receiver ACK 2
Send 2
Receive 2
Send ACK 3
Receiver ACK 3
Send 3
Receive 3
Send ACK 4
Receiver ACK 4
Window size 1
56
TCP Sequence and Acknowledgement Numbers
Sequence
Acknowledgement
Source Port
Dest. Port
.
I just sent 11.
I just got 11, now I need 12
57
TCP Simple Acknowledgment
Sender
Receiver
Packet 3 is Dropped
58
Protocol Field
Transport Layer
TCP
UDP
Protocol Number
Internet Layer
IP

• Determines destination upper-layer protocol

59
Internet Layer Overview
Application
Transport
Destination Unreachable Echo (ping) Other
ICMP
Internet
Data link
Physical
60
Address Resolution Protocol
I heard that broadcast. The message is for
me. Here is my Ethernet address
I need the Ethernet address of 176.16.3.2
172.16.3.1
172.16.3.2
IP 172.16.3.2 ???
IP 172.16.3.2 Ethernet 0800.0020.1111

• Map IP

• Ethernet

• Local ARP

61
Reverse - ARP
What is my IP address ?
I heard that broadcast. Your IP address is
172.16.3.25
Ethernet 0800.0020.1111 IP???
Ethernet 0800.0020.1111 IP 172.16.3.25

• Map Ethernet

• IP

62
Assembling and Cabling Network Devices
63
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Identify and connect necessary components to
  enable connectivity between routers or switches
• Setup console connections between routers,
  switches and a terminal

64
LAN Physical Layers Implementations

• Physical layer implementations vary
• Some implementations support multiple physical
  media

Data Link (MAC layer)
802.3
Ethernet
Physical
100baseTX
100baseFX
100baseT4
10Base2
10Base5
10BaseT
10BaseF
DIX Standard
802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet
802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast) Ethernet
65
Comparing Ethernet MediaRequirements
S Telecom
10Base5
10BaseT
100BaseTX
100BaseFX
EIA/TIA Cat 3,4,5 UTP 2 pair
EIA/TIA Cat 3,4,5 UTP 2 pair
50-ohm coax (thick)
50-ohm coax (thick)
Media
Maximum Segment Length
500 meter
100 meter
100 meter
400 meter
BUS
Star
Star
Point-to-Point
Topology
Duplex media- interface connector (MIC) ST
ISO 8877 (RJ-45)
ISO 8877 (RJ-45)
Connector
AUI
66
BNC Connector
Barrel T Terminator
67
UTP Device
The RJ-45 Connector
68
UTP ImplementationStraight-through
Cable 10BaseT/ 100BaseT Straight-through
Straight-through Cable
Hub/Switch
Server/Router
Pin Label
Pin Label
RD RD - TD NC NC TD - NC NC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 8
1 8
wo wb wg wbr
wo wb wg wbr
O b g br
O b g br
Wires on cable ends are in same order
69
UTP Implementation Crossover
Cable 10BaseT/ 100BaseT Crossover
Crossover Cable
Hub/Switch
Hub/Switch
Pin Label
Pin Label
RD RD - TD NC NC TD - NC NC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RD RD - TD NC NC TD - NC NC
1 8
1 8
wo wb wg wbr
wo wg wb wbr w b g br
O b g br
Some wires on cable end are closed
70
Network Device

• Logical address
• Define paths through
• network
• Interconnects
• Multiple data links

Network
Router

• Physical address
• Higher layer protocol
• Network topology
• Frame sequencing
• Flow control

Switch
Data Link
Bridge

• Media type
• Connection type
• Signaling type

Physical
Hub
71
Hubs Operate at Physical layer
Physical
A
B
C
D

• All devices in the same collision domain
• All devices in the same broadcast domain
• Devices share the same bandwidth

72
Switches and Bridges Operateat Data Link Layer
Data link
OR

• Each segment has its own collision domain
• All segments are in the same broadcast domain

73
Routers Operate at the Network Layer

• Broadcast control
• Multicast control
• Optimal path determination
• Traffic management
• Logical addressing
• Connects to WAN service

74
Cabling the Campus

• Determine the physical media used- 10mb or 100mb
  indicates what type of CAT cable is required
• Locating interface on the chassis- determine if
  one or both ports have an X
• indicates if needed corssover straight-through
  cable

100 Mbps Cat 5 Crossover
10 Mbps Cat 3,4,5 Crossover
10 Mbps Cat 3,4,5 Straight-through
10 Mbps Cat 3,4,5 Straight-through
100 Mbps Cat 5 Straight-through
75
Operating and Configuring a Network Device I.
Router
76
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Startup the Cisco router and observe the boot up
  processes
• Provide an initial configuration for the switch
  and perform the routers initial setup
  configuration
• Enable and identify the command modes in each
  network device
• Use the various help and command line-editing
  features of each devices user interface
• Show and recognize fundamental technical details
  about each network device

77
An Overview ofRouter Startup

• Find and check device hardware
• Find and load Cisco IOS software image
• Find and apply device configuration

78
External ConfigurationSources
Virtual terminal
Console port
Interface
Auxiliary port
PC or Unix Server
Web or Network Management Server

• Configurations can come from many source
• Configurations will act in device memory

79
Cisco IOS User Interface Fundamental

• Uses a command line interface
• Operations vary on different internetworking
  devices
• Type or paste entries in the console command
  modes
• Enter key instructs device to parse and execute
  the command
• Two primary EXEC modes are user mode and
  privileged mode
• Command modes have distinctive prompts

80
Cisco IOS software EXEC

• There are two main EXEC modes for entering
  commands

First modes

• User Mode
• Limited examination of router
• Command Prompt is hostnamegt

81
The Cisco IOS software EXEC (cont.)
Second modes (and most commonly used

• Privileged (or enabled) Mode
• Detailed examinated of roouter
• Enables configuration and debugging
• Prequisite for other configuration modes
• Command prompts on the device
• hostname

82
Router Internal Component
RAM
NVRAM
Config register
ROM
Interface
Flash
83
Router Internal Component
RAM
NVRAM
Config register
ROM
Interface
Flash
84
Loading the IOS from Flash
RAM
Flash
Console
Show flash
85
Show flash Command
Routergtshow flash System flash directory File
Length Name/status 1 9524828
c2500-js-l.113-9.T 9524892 bytes used, 7252324
available, 16777216 total 16384K bytes of
processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Routergt
86
Loading the Configuration
RAM
NVRAM
Config
Config
Show running-config
Show Startup-config
Console
Setup utility

• Load and execute config from NVRAM
• If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode

87
Show running and showstartup Command
88
Sources of Configuration
RAM
NVRAM
Copy running startup
Config
Config
Copy startup running
Config term
Console
Erase start
copy tftp run
copy tftp start

• NVRAM
• Terminal
• TFTP server
• Erase Start

Blank 000000 000000
copy run tftp
Config start tftp
TFTP server
89
Cisco IOS File Systems andDevices
RAM
NVRAM
System
nvram
TFTP server
Flash
tftp
flash
90
Operating and Configuring a Network Device I.
Switch
91
How Switches Learn HostLocations
SK Telecom
MAC address table
A
B
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
C
D
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.4444

• Initial MAC address table is empty

92
How Switches Learn HostLocations
MAC address table
E00260.8c01.1111
A
B
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
C
D
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.4444

• Station A sends a frame to Station C
• Switch caches station A MAC address to port E0 by
  learning
• The frame from station A to station C is flooded
  out to all ports except port E0(unknown unicasts
  are flooded)

93
How Switches Learn HostLocations
MAC address table
E00260.8c01.1111
E30260.8c01.4444
A
B
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
C
D
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.4444

• Station D sends a frame to Station C
• Switch caches station D MAC address to port E3 by
  learning the source A address of data frames
• The frame from station D to station C is flooded
  out to all ports except port E3 (unknown unicasts
  are flooded)

94
How Switches Filter Frames
MAC address table
A
B
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
C
D
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.4444

• Station A sends a frame to Station C
• Destination is known, frame is not flooded

95
Broadcast and Multicast Frames
MAC address table
E00260.8c01.1111
E20260.8c01.2222
E10260.8c01.3333
A
B
E30260.8c01.4444
0260.8c01.3333
0260.8c01.1111
E0
E1
E2
E3
C
D
0260.8c01.2222
0260.8c01.4444

• Station D sends a broadcast or multicast frame
• Broadcast and multicast frames are flooded to all
  ports other than the originating port

96
Redundant Topology
Station/host X
Router Y
Segment 1
Segment 2

• Redundant topology eliminates single points of
  failure
• Redundant topology cause broadcast storms,
  multiple frame copies, and MAC address table
  instability problems

97
Broadcast Storms
Station/host X
Router Y
Segment 1
Broadcast
Segment 2
Switches continues to propagate broadcast traffic
over and over
98
MANAGING YOUR NETWORK ENVIRONMENT (LAN NETWORK)
99
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able
  to perform the following tasks
• Gather information by network test(ping,
  trace,telnet)
• Gather information by using show command in Cisco
  Router
• Create a simple network diagram to document the
  network

100
LAN Network Environment

• Network components

Branch Office
Floor 2
Sever Farm
Floor 1
HQ
Campus
101
Telnet

• Telnet operation

Routergt telnet 203.227.91.1 Trying 203.227.91.1
... Open User Access Verification Password
Ciscogt
102
Ping
Echo Request
ping
Echo Reply
Router
Cisco
Routergt ping 203.229.91.1 Type escape sequence to
abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to
203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds !!!!! Success
rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max
1/3/4 ms Routergt ping 203.227.91.1 Type escape
sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos
to 203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds ..... Succe
ss rate is 0 percent (0/5)
103
Trace
Pusan 131.108.33.5
Daejun 131.108.12.3
Daegu 131.108.16.2
Seoul
Seoul trace 131.108.33.5 (Pusan) Type escape to
abort. Tracing the route to 131.108.33.5
(Pusan) 1 131.108.12.3 (Daejun) 100 msec 40
msec 10 msec 2 131.108.16.2 (Daegu) 40 msec
20 msec 8 msec 3 131.108.33.5 (Pusan) 10
msec 8 msec 4 msec Seoul
104
Router Check Command

• Show interface serial command
• Show interface ethernet command
• Show process cpu command

105
Home LAN /SOHO ???? ??LAN?? ?? (??)
106
?. Network?? ?. LAN Card ?? ???? ???? ?. ??
Network ???? ?. Network ?? ?? ?. Windows
95/98? Network ???? ?. ?? ?? Model ?. LAN ??
Model ?. ??? Internet Service? ??

107
Network ??

• Network? ?? ??? ??????
• ?? ??
• ????
• ????
• ??? ?? ??
• ????
• ????
• ??? ??

108
Network ??

• Network ?? ??
• LAN? WAN
• LAN? ????
• Peer -To -Peer
• Client -Server
• LAN? ??, ???(Ethernet)
• Network ????
• Protocol

109
LAN Card ?? ???? ????

• Cable ?? ??
• Serial(??)??
• Parallel(??)??
• ?? ??? ??(IrDA) ??
• USB??
• ?? ??? ??
• ?? Network ?? ??
• USB LAN Card

110
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable - BNC

• ?? RG58 A/U 10Base-2
• ???? 10Mbps
• ???? 185M
• Network ? ??? Terminator ??

111
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable - BNC

Barrel
T
Terminator
BNC ???? ??
112
?? Network????

• LAN Cable- BNC

BNC T-??? ??
113
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable - BNC

BNC Terminator ??
114
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable - UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair)

• ?? RJ-45
• 10/100Base-T
• ???? 10/100Mbps
• ???? 100M
• 3? ??? PC ??? ?? ??

115
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable - UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair)

• ?? RJ-45
• 10/100Base-T
• ???? 10/100Mbps
• ???? 100M
• 3? ??? PC ??? ?? ??

116
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

117
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

118
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

TPO(TP-Only)
119
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

COMBO (UTP, AUI, BNC)
120
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

100Mbps Fast Ethernet Adapter
121
?? Network ????

• LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS ??
• TPO/COMBO
• ????
• ??

122
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• 1. ??(Dummy) Hub
• 2. ???(Switch)Hub

123
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• 1. ??(Dummy) Hub
• 2. ???(Switch)Hub

124
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• ?? ??? ???? ??? ????
• ????? ??? ???
• 10Mbps? 100Mbps?
• ???? ????

125
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• ?? ??? ???? ??? ????
• ????? ??? ???
• 10Mbps? 100Mbps?
• ???? ????

126
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• ?? ??? ???? ??? ????
• ????? ??? ???
• 10Mbps? 100Mbps?
• ???? ????

127
?? Network ????

• ??(Hub)

• Hub? ??
• ?? ??? ???? ??? ????
• ????? ??? ???
• 10Mbps? 100Mbps?
• ???? ????

128
?? Network ????

• ???(Router)

• Network? Network?? ???? ????
  ??(Internetworking)??
• ??? Network ????? Software??? ???? ??, ?? ??

129
Network ?? ??
LAN Card ??? ????(???? ??)
Cable ??, Hub? ??
Network ????(????, ?????)
?? ??, ??? ??
130
Network ?? ??

• LAN Card ??? ????(Driver ??)

• ????
• - Ping ???
• c\ping 127.0.0.1

131
Network ?? ??

• LAN Card ??? ????(Driver ??)

• ????
• - Driver
• - Update

132
Network ?? ??

• LAN Card ??? ????(Driver ??)

• ????
• -???? ??

133
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

• Cable ??
• 1. Cable
• 2. RJ45 ???
• 3. ?? ??
• 4. RJ45 ???? ?

134
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

• Cable ??
• 1. Cable
• 2. RJ45 ???
• 3. ?? ??
• 4. RJ45 ???? ?

135
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

• Cable ??
• 1. Cable
• 2. RJ45 ???
• 3. ?? ??
• 4. RJ45 ???? ?

136
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

• UTP ???? Cable ????

137
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

• UTP ??? Cable ????

138
Network ?? ??

• Cable ??, Hub? ??

Hub? ??
139
Window 95/98? Network ????

• Network ????(????, ?????)

• Microsoft Network ?????
• ???? ???
• LAN Card Driver
• (??? LAN Card ???? ??)
• TCP/IP
• IPX/SPX(?????? ??
• ???? ??? ?? ??)
• Microsoft Network ??/???
• ?? ???? (?? ??? ?? ??)

140
Window 95/98? Network ????

• TCP/IP ?? ??

• IP??(IP Address)? ???? ???(Subnet Mask) ??

• ???A ??? IP??

IP ?? 10.xxx .xxx .xxx ???????
255. 0 . 0 . 0
141
Window 95/98? Network ????

• TCP/IP ?? ??

• IP??(IP Address)? ???? ???(Subnet Mask) ??

• ???B ??? IP??

IP ?? 192.168.xxx .xxx ???????
255 .255. 0 . 0
142
Window 95/98? Network ????

• ?? ???? ?? ??

IPX/SPX ????
NetBEUI ????
143
Window 95/98? Network ????

• ?????? ??

144
Window 95/98? Network ????

• ??? ?? ??

145
?? ?? Model

• ???? (????/??)? ??

146
?? ?? Model

• ??? ??

147
?? ?? Model

• Internet ???? ??

148
?? ?? Model

• ?? ?? ??

149
LAN ?? Model

• 1 1 ??

150
LAN ?? Model

• Hub? ??? 3? ??? ??

151
LAN ?? Model

• ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??

152
LAN ?? Model

• ????? ??? ??? ??? ??

153
LAN ?? Model

• Window - DOS PC ??

154
LAN ?? Model

• Window - ???? ??

155
LAN ?? Model

• Internet ??? ?? ?? SOHO LAN ?? Model

156
LAN ?? Model

• Web Server ??? ?? ??? ??? SOHO LAN ?? Model

157
LAN ?? Model

• ADLS/Cable MODEM?? ??? ??? Internet ?????
  SOHO LAN ?? Model

158
??? Internet Service? ??

• ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

159
??? Internet Service? ??

• ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

160
??? Internet Service? ??

• ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

161
??? Internet Service? ??

• ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

162
??? Internet Service? ??

• Cable MODEM

163
??? Internet Service? ??

• Cable MODEM

164
??? Internet Service? ??

• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

165
??? Internet Service? ??

• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

166
??? Internet Service? ??

• ???