???????????????????,??????????MPU(Micro Processing Unit),?????????CPU(Central Processing Unit),??????????????

1
?1? ??
2

• ? ? ??
• ? ? ? ???
• ? ? ???,???,???
• ???? ???,???

3

• ????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????

4
1.1 ?????????????? 1.1.1 ?????????

• ???????????????????,??????????MPU(Micro
  Processing Unit),?????????CPU(Central Processing
  Unit),??????????????

5
??????????
6

• (1)????????????????,???????????????,??,??????????
  ??????
• (2)??????????????????????????????????(????)??????
  (????)?
• (3)?????????????????,????????????????,???????????
  ????????????????????????????????,??????????

7

• (4)???????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ???????????????,???????,?????
• (5)????????????????????,???????????????????,?????
  ?????????????????

8
1.1.2 ?????????

• ?????????????????,?????,?????????????????????????
  ???????,?????????????????,?????0?1?????????
• ??,?2112-11713???????????,?????????????

9

• ???????????????????(???)?????(21,12,117?13)??????
  ???????(????)????????????????????????????

10

• ????????????????????????????
• (1)???21??????????(??)
• (2)???12??????????,??2112??,???252(??)
• (3)?252??????????(??)
• (4)?117??????????(??)
• (5)?13??????????,???11713??,??????9(??)
• (6)?????9??????????(??)
• (7)????????????????252-9??,??????243(??)
• (8)?243????????(??)?

11

• ????????243??????(????)????????
• ??????

12
1.2 ????????????????1.2.1 ????(Microprocessor)

• ????????????CPU?????,?????????????????????????????
  ????????CPU???????LSI(Large Scale
  Integration)??????(Microprocessor),??MP?µP?CPU????
  ??????????????????????????????

13

• ?????????
• ???????1971??Intel?????4004????(4?)????8008????(8
  ?)????????????,????????
• ???????1973?,Intel8080?MC6800?????????????,??????
  ?????CP/M?????
• ???????1978?,16??Intel 8086,???????Intel
  8088?80286?

14

• ???????1985?,32??80386,???32?????32?????
• ???????1993?,????????Pentium(??,P5)?????
• ???????1995?,Intel??32?????P6,?Pentium
  pro(????)?
• ???????2000?,Intel???P6???????32?????Pntium 4?
• ???????2006?,Intel?????????Pentium M??Pentium
  4???????

15

• 1.2.2 ????(Microcomputer)
• ????????????????,??????????RAM,??ROM,
  I/O??????????????????????????,??MC?µC?????????????
  ?????????,????????

16
????????????
17

• 1.2.3 ??????(Microprocessing System)
• ??????????????????????(MicroProcessing
  System),??MPS?µPS????MPS?????1-3???
• 1.2.4 ??????(Microcomputer System)
• ?????????????????????????????

18

• 1.3 ?????????
• ??????????????????????

19
1.3.1 ?????????????????????,??????????,?????????
??????????????????CPU,ROM,RAM,?I/O???????????????
,???????????,???????????????????????CPU?????????
20

• 1.3.2 ????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,??????????

21
1.3.3 ????????????

• 1.?????
• ?????,??????????????,?????????????,?ROM,PROM,EPROM
  ,EEPROM,Flash,Memory,????????????,????????(Firmwar
  e)?
• 2.????
• ????????????????????CPU?CPU????(BUS)??????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????4?

22

• (1)????????????,??CPU????,????CPU????????????????
  ?????????
• (2)??????????,???????CPU???,????????????
• (3)??????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ??????????,?IBM PC???PC??,IBM PC/XT???ISA??,80386/
  80486???EISA????Pentium???PCI,AGP????
• (4)?????????,?????????,??????????????,???????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????RS-232
  C,IEEE-488,CAMAC?USB??

23
1.4 ??????

• 1.4.1 IBM PC/XT ????
• IBM PC/XT?????????????IBM??Intel???CPU?Microsoft??
  ?MS-DOS????????????,???20??80???,90?????????????,?
  ?????????
• IBM PC XT/AT??????????4?5V,12V?
• ??????????5???????

24

• (1)CPU??????CPUIntel 8088/80286?
• (2)ROM???
• ??????60KB?ROM??,???????32K8????8K8??40KB?ROM???
  40KB?ROM???????BIOS?BASIC??????
• (3)RAM???
• ????DRAM????IBM PC????2?128K8??RAM?,?????????????
  IBM PC/AT?????????640KB RAM,??1MB?RAM?

25

• (4)??????I/O???I/O?????
• ?I/O???
• DMA???8237A-5?????????4?DMA??,??CPU???I/O?????????
  ????????????????????
• ???/???8253-5??????3????16????/?????
• ????8255A-5??????3?8?I/O????????
• ?????8259A????????8?????????????????
• ?I/O?????
• ?????????????

26

• (5)?????
• ?PC XT??????8????J1J8(?PC??),??62??????PC
  AT?????J1J8?,???5?36???J10J14?J16,?36????????62?
  36????????????ISA(Industry Standard
  Architecture)???????6??

27

• 1.4.2 Pentium 4(??4)??????
• ?Intel??2000?11???Pentium 4???????,????IT??IBM,DEC
  ,Compaq,HP,????????Intel inside Pentium 4?????

28
?INTEL????X38??????
29

• (1)CPU????Intel DX38BT?????64?CPU?775???LGA????,?
  ????
• CPU????????????????????Intel?Pentium
  D?Core2?????????????
• (2)BIOS?CMOS RAM??
• BIOS??Flash ROM,?????????????????????BIOS????????B
  IOS??????(Plug Play),?????????????????,??Crash
  Free BIOS(?????)?DX38BT??????????Flash(Serial
  Peripheral Interface Flash Memory),???16M?

30
? INTEL????X38????????
31

• 1.5???????
• ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???,???????????,????????????(SCMC),???????????????
  ????????(MCU),?????????????

32

• 1.5.1 ??????
• (1)????,????,???
• (2)?????
• (3)???,???,?????????
• (4)??????,????
• (5)????????
• ????????,????????,??????????

33

• 1.5.2 ?????
• ???????????,???????,???????????????????,??????????
  ???????????????????????,?????,????????????????????
  ??????

34
1.5.3 ????????

• 1.????????
• ???(????)?????????????????????,??????????????????
  ???????,?????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???????????????,??????????(??????????)??????????
  ?,????????????????,????????
• 2.???????????
• ???????,????????????????(??1-10??),??????????/??(I
  /O)????

35

• (1)????????
• ???????,????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ???????????(MCU)????DSP????(DSP)????????(MPU)????
  ?????(System on chip)?
• (2)????????
• ?????????????????,?????????,???????????,??????????
  ????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????????????

36

• 1.5.4 ??????
• ??????????????????,???????????????????
• ???????,???????????
• 1.???????????
• 2.?????????
• 3.?????????
• 4.???????????????
• 5.???????????
• ??,??????????????????????????????????