Part I Part II

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College English Integrated Course 4
Unit Two Smart Cars
Part I Part II Part III Part
IV
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Part I Discussion
1 What is your dream car? 2 What has the Hi-tech
brought to automobile industry? 3 Weigh the pros
and cons of automobile industrys development as
well as the development of science and
technology.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
(?)????
turn sth. into/ become a reality
e.g. Her dream of being a college student has
tuned into a reality.
Working at home and communicating with fellow
workers via their PCs has become a reality.
Translate
????????,???????????????
After decades of hard work, his dream to be a
boss turned into a reality eventually.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
lucrative
e.g. Selling luxuries in china is a considerably
lucrative business. Many ex-army
officers have found lucrative jobs in private
security firms.
Translate
??????????????????
Our company is implementing a lucrative marketing
strategy.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
in a short time soon now, at present
presently
e.g.Presently I heard her leave the house. She
is presently working on her PhD.
Translate
??????????????
The Secretary of State is presently considering
the proposal.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
vt. to make or process goods, especially in
large quantities invent (evidence, an
excuse,etc.)
manufacture
e.g. Ford has been manufacturing cars for nearly
a hundred years. She manufactured a false
story to hide the facts.
Translate
???????????
Our country should develop the manufacturing
industry greatly.
manufacture n. activity of manufacturing
manufactured goods, articles manufacturer n.
person or firm that manufacture things
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
adv.more or less exactly, about
approximately
e.g.Approximately 150 million is to be spent on
improvements on school building.
Translate????????????
The car accident happened at approximately 700
a.m.
approximate adj.v. e.g. What is the
approximate size of the room? Your story
approximates to the facts we have already known.
(be almost the same as sth.)
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Unit 2 Smart cars
to get rid of, remove (infml) kill sb. exclude
sb.(in competition)
eliminate
e.g. The Chinese government approved a new plan
to eliminate illiteracy nationwide by 2006.
The dictator had eliminated all his political
opponents. He was eliminated from the
contest in the fourth round.
Translate
???????????????
It is necessary to eliminate the nervousness
before exam.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
in the earths atmosphere in circulation,
current uncertain, not yet decided
in the air
e.g. Hundreds of birds suddenly rose in the air.
There is a feeling of unrest in the air.
Our plans are still (up) in the air.
Translate
?????????????
There is a peculiar smell in the air.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
v. warn sb. to watch for dangermake sb. aware of
sth.
alert
e.g. The warning from the terrorists alerted the
police. The manger alerted the staff to
the crisis facing the company. (alert sb.
to sth.)
Translate
?????????????
The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking..
alert adj. be alert to sth. alert n. on the
alert (against/for sth.) e.g. The police warned
the public to be on the alert for suspected
terrorists. (be watchful and prepared)
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
n. a division of road, street, or highway????
lane
e.g. The newly-built highways have two lanes for
each direction of travel.
Translate
????????????
We walked down the lane to the farm.
??? ?????????
an express lane a breakdown lane
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Unit 2 Smart cars
the first or original model or design of sth.
prototype
prot(o)- prefix. first, original or primitive
e.g. Bell uttered to his assistant the words,
Mr. Waltson, come here I want you, using a
prototype telephone. A concept vehicle is
a car prototype made to show a concept, new
styling and technology.
Translate
?????????
This is a prototype of the smart car .
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Unit 2 Smart cars
adj. dull and never changing, constant and
boring
monotonous
mon(o) prefix. one, single monogamy,
monolingual, monoplane, monorail,
monopolize, monopoly, monotone e.g. Robots are
used in repetitive, monotonous tasks in which
human performance might degrade over time.
Translate
????????????????????
My job at the assembly line of the car factory is
rather monotonous.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
n.(thing that cause) danger risk vt. expose
(sth.) to danger
hazard
e.g. The research has confirmed that tobacco
smoke presents a hazard to health.
Wet roads are a hazard to drivers.
Rock-climbers are hazarding their lives.
hazardous dangerous, risky
Translate
?????????
Space travel is full of hazards.
?????????????
There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
n. natural body in space orbiting round a larger
body, esp a planet man-made device
satellite
e.g. The moon is the Earths satellite.
Engineer have developed many kinds of
satellites, each designed to serve a
specific mission. satellite or satellite state
country dependent on another more powerful
country and controlled by it
Translate
1957????????????
The first man-made/artificial satellite was
launched in 1957.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
to cause to move back and forth rapidlyshake
vibrate
e.g.The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy
truck passes. His voice vibrated with
passion. /vibrated with rage.
Translate
??????
Her lips vibrated.
??????????????????????
Their hearts vibrated to the speaker's stirring
appeal.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
adj. vibrating strongly full of life and energy,
exciting (of colours)bright and striking
vibrant
e.g. I like the vibrant notes of a cello.
Her vibrant personality makes her more
attractive. The girl in vibrant blue is my
classmate.
vibrato n. ??
vibrator, vibration
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Unit 2 Smart cars
n. rate of occurrence or repetition of sth. ??,
??, ????
frequency
e.g. My computer broke down with increasing
frequency. Fatal accidents have decreased
in frequency over recent years. The
frequency of his visits annoyed her. (happening
often) The radio station broadcasts on
four different frequencies.
Translate
??????????,?????????????????
The frequency of accidents on that road made the
council lower the speed limit.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
v. transmit (a signal,etc.) by radio waves
give sth. out produce sth.
send out
e.g. The yacht sent out a distress signal.
The sun sends out light and warmth. The
trees send out new leaves in spring.
compare
No. 23 was sent off because of breaking the
rules. Have you sent that letter off yet? They
sent their daughter to one of the best schools in
the city. He is a famous comedian who sends up
members of the government. (make fun of
sb./sth.) We have to send for a taxi, an
ambulance, etc.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
v. change sth. from one form or use to another
change ones beliefs, esp. ones religion n.
convert
e.g. Solar cooking requires a dark pot to absorb
the suns rays and convert them into heat
energy. The room was converted from a kitchen to
a lavatory. The sofa can convert to a bed. The
preacher finally converted him from atheism to
Christianity. He is a convert to socialism.
convertible a convertible sofa, convertible
currencies
Translate
??????????
That building has been converted into a school.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
v. to have a mutual relationship A correlate with
B correlate A with/and B
correlate
e.g. We should correlate the theory with
practice. The results of this experiment
do not correlate with the results of earlier
ones. We can often correlate age with
frequency of illness. correlation the
correlation between height and weight
Translate
???????????????????
Research workers find it hard to correlate the
two sets of figures.
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart cars
apply
e.g. You should apply to him for this post
immediately. (make a formal request) Just
apply the ointment sparingly onto the pustule.
(spread) The USA applied economic sanctions
against Cuba. (make sth. operate or become
effective) What I have said applies only to
some of you. (have an effect) Your research
results can be applied to new developments in
technology. (make practical use of sth.) apply
oneself to sth./ doing sth.concentrate ones
thought and energy (on a task) applied
applied mathematics, applied linguistics applicab
le
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Unit 2 Smart cars
n.
application
e.g. Keys are available on the application to the
principal. We received 200 applications for
the job. The lotion is only for external
application. The strict application of the
law is very important in modern society.
They have made a new invention which will have a
variety of applications in industry.
Translate
??????????????????
The application of the new invention will bring
great profits to the company.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
be ready to do
be poised to
e.g. The eagle poised in mid-air ready to swoop
on its pray. ( be or keep balanced or suspended)
The automobile company is poised to launch its
new advertising campaign. The Allies were
poised for their invasion of Europe.
Translate
????????????
It is reported that US forces are poised to
attack Iran.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
to place or fix on or in the appropriate support
or setting for display or study
mount
e.g. Many people dream of conquering Mount
Everest. The climbers mounted higher and
higher. The death toll mounted to 100.
He has mounted all his collection of stamps in
albums. Some automobiles were designed with a
transmission mounted on the rear axle.
Translate
???????????????
The engineer is mounting an engine in a car.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
adj. of or relating to magnetism or magnets??,
???? have a powerful attraction ?????
magnetic
e.g. I have a magnetic strip ID card. The
block becomes magnetic when the current is
switched on. She has a magnetic smile.
magnet The magnet can attract iron.
The pub is a magnet for young people.
magnetism
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Unit 2 Smart cars
v. group together
bunch
e.g. The blouse bunches at the waist.
They bunched together to allow others to squeeze
into the crowded elevator. a bunch of bananas,
flowers
Translate
??????????
Runners are bunching up at the starting line.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
make (sth.) part of a whole form a legal
corporation
incorporate
e.g.His newly published book incorporates his
earlier essay. The new car design
incorporates all the latest safety features.
They will incorporate a company in the USA.
Nelson Inc. incorporated
Translate
??????????????
She incorporated the letter into her diary.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
the process of becoming greater in size, extent
or importance
expansion
expand e.g. Metals expand when they are heated.
His modest business eventually expanded
into a supermarket empire. I would like
to expand this short story into a novel.
His face expanded in a smile of welcome.
Would you expand on the global warming?
expansion e.g. Under heat, the metal undergoes
considerable expansion. The vast expansion
of his business interests made him
the richest one in the city. expansionism,
expansionist
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
Automobile industry
The automobile industry is one of the most
important industries in the world, affecting not
only economies but also cultures. It provides
jobs for millions of people, generated billons of
dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the
basis for a multitude of related service and
support industries. Automobiles revolutionized
transportation in the 20th century, changing
forever the way people live, travel, and do
business.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
Cultural Notes
NCE-B4
The automobile has enabled people to travel and
transport goods farther and faster, and has
opened wider market areas for business and
commerce. The auto industry has also reduced the
overall cost of transportation by using methods
such as mass production(making several products
at once, rather than one at a time), mass
marketing (selling products nationally and
globally wide). Between 1886 and 1986,about 300
automobiles were built, but there was no real
established industry.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
A century later, with automakers and auto buyers
expanding globally, auto-making became the
worlds largest manufacturing activity, with more
than 53 million new vehicles built each year
worldwide. Automobile manufactures are among
the largest companies in the world. These
corporations are often multinational. These
companies often share parts, or use parts made on
foreign factories.

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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
The U.S. automobile industry produced 16.8
million vehicles in 1999. The three major
automobile manufacturers in the United States---
General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company,
and Daimler Chrysler AG (???-????)---provide
three-fourths of the industrys total direct
employment in the United States.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
At the start of the 21st century,the trends of
global trade and manufacturing flexibility
continue. Computerization continues to be a major
part of auto design and manufacture, as do the
search for alternative fuels and more efficient
automobile design.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
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Cultural Notes
Global Positioning System(GPS) space-based
radio-navigation system, consisting of 24
satellites and ground support, GPS provides users
with accurate information about their position
and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in
the world and in all weather conditions.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
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Cultural Notes
GPS determines location by computing the
difference between the time that a signal is sent
and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry
atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate
time. The time information is placed in the codes
broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can
continuously determine the time the signal was
broadcast.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
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Cultural Notes
The signal contains data that a receiver uses to
compute the locations of the satellites and to
make other adjustments needed for accurate
positioning. The receiver uses the time
difference between the time of signal reception
and the broadcast time to compute the distance,
or decreases in the signals speed caused by the
ionosphere and the troposphere.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
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Cultural Notes
With information about the ranges to three
satellites and the location of the satellite when
the signal was sent , the
The receiver can compute its own
three-dimensional position.
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Cultural Notes
Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
As of March 1994,24 GPS satellites were in
operation. Replenishment satellites are ready for
launch, and contracts have been awarded to
provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS
applications continue to grow in land, sea, air,
and space navigation.
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Cultural Notes
The ability to enhance safety and to decrease
fuel consumption will make GPS an important
component of travel in the international airspace
system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at
fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as
part of intelligent transportation systems.
Emerging technologies will enable GPS to
determine not only the position of a vehicle but
also its altitude.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
Intelligence Transportation Systems(ITS)
advanced electronics, communications, and
computer systems that increase the efficiency and
safety of highway transportation. Originally
known as Intelligent Vehicle/Highway
Systems(IVHS),these technologies can provide
real-time information exchange between the
drivers and the roads, giving rise to the terms
smart cars and smart highways.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Cultural Notes
As the technologies gave expanded to include
public transportation and commercial vehicles,
this range of technologies has become known as
the Intelligent Transportation System.
Increasingly, drivers will have access to up-to
the-minute information on traffic conditions,
alternate routed, and directions to unfamiliar
destinations. Ultimately, vehicle control may be
automated.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
NCE-B4
Language Sense Enhancement

1. Read aloud the following poem
2. Read the following quotations, and learn them by
   heart if you can.

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Life of a Truck Driver
laugh
smile loudly
Debbe Jo Ramsey
Most do not understand
The life of a Truck Driver Once in
their blood Its usually there
forever
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They stay on the road Always on
the go Where they end up Only
their dispatcher knows Their family
waits patiently For their safe return
home To see how much their child
Or grandchild has grown
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The Road Not Taken
They delver your loads With a smile that
glows Then theyre off again Down the road they
go They travel all the hours Of the day and
night Making sure youre happy And everythings
just right
I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere
ages and ages henceTwo roads diverged in a
wood, and II took the one less traveled by,And
that has made all the difference.
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Life of a Truck Driver
laugh
smile loudly
Debbe Jo Ramsey
So the next time Should happen to
cross Tell a Truck Driver You are the
Boss
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart cars
Quotations
The car has become an article of dress without
which we feel uncertain, unclad, and
incomplete. Everything in life is somewhere
else, and you get there in a car.
Marshall Mcluhan
Elwyn Brooks White
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart cars
Quotations
The real problem is not whether machine think,
but whether men do. If there is technological
advance without social advance, there is, almost
automatically, an increase in human misery.
B. F. Skinner
Michael Harrinqton
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Humorous Story
Read the humorous story for fun. You might need
to look up new words in a dictionary.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Humorous Story
Bill Gates is hanging out with the chairman of
General Motors. If automotive technology had
kept pace with computer technology over the past
few decades, boasts Gates, you would now be
driving a V-32 instead of a V-8, and it would
have a top speed of 10,000 miles per hour.
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Humorous Story
Or, you could have an economy car that weighs 30
pounds and gets a thousand miles to a gallon of
gas. In either case, the sticker price of a new
car would be less than 50. Sure, says
the GM chairman. But would you really want to
drive a car that crashes four times a day?
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NCE-B4
The Movie
Enjoy the Movie, Please!
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Unit 2 Smart cars
NCE-B4
Comprehension
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart cars

1. How important was the automobile industry in the
   twentieth century
2. What will happen to cars and roads in the
   twenty-first century
3. Why does the author say the key to tomorrows
   smart cars will be sensors

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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
4. How would sensors help reduce traffic
fatalities 5. What is the function of the radars
hidden in the bumpers 6. How will a smart car
alert a drover who feels drowsy
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
7. What makes it possible for smart cars to
determine their approximate location 8. What are
the prospects for applications of GPS 9. What is
telematics expected to achieve in increasing
the efficiency and safety of highway
transportation
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
10. What are traffic engineers doing on Internet
15 close to San Diego 11. What hopes
do promoters of the smart highway have for its
future 12. What are the advantages of smart
highways
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Comprehension
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars

1. What hopes do you have for the future of smart
   cars?
2. If you were asked to help design a smart car?
3. Would you like to drive a smart car? Why or why
   not?

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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Text Organization
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
Part One Paras 1-3 Part Two
Paras 4-9
New technology will have a dramatic impact on
cars and highways in the 21st century.
With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars
will be so designed that they can help eliminate
traffic accidents, determine their own precise
locations and warn of traffic jams.
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
Part Three Paras 10-13
GPS and telematics will make it possible to
build smart highways, which will benefit us in
more than one way.
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk,
and act.
2) They can eliminate most car accidents
3)they can alert the police and provide precise
location of stolen
4)They can monitor ones driving conditions
nearly
5)They can alert the driver who feels drowsy
6)They can locate your car precisely and warn of
traffic jams.
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Language Focus
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Vocabulary
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars

• Before Anglo-American westward______________,
• North America had been shaped by many other
  cultures.
• After the United States entered World War II in
  1941,
• General Motors(GM) ceased civilian automobiles
• Production and started _______________
  tanks,airplanes,
• Weapons, and other war supplies for the Allied
  forces.
• Warmer air is able to hold more water _________
  than
• Cold air and so has a higher humidity.

expansion
manufacturing
vapor
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NCE-B4
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4) In most communities in the United States, the
local American Red Cross chapter has been
authorized to __________ certain local public
buildings in times of emergency. 5) Traffic
control establish a set of rules and instructions
that drivers, pilots, train engineers, and ship
captains rely on to avoid collision and
other_____________.
take control of
hazard
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars

• 6) Since the launching of the first artificial
  ___________
• in 1957, thousands of man-made moons have
  been rocked into the Earths orbit, each designed
  to serve a specific purpose or mission.
• Telecommunications devices ____________ different
  types of information, such as sound and video,
  into electronic signals.

satellite
convert
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars

1. Radio telescopes have provided valuable
   information about other stars and about
   the_________,fields of other planets in our solar
   system, especially Jupiters.
2. At the beginning of the race, the runners were
   ____________ together on the track, but
   later some of them got ahead and left the others
   behind.
3. from the control tower, air traffic controllers
   coordinate aircraft movement both __________ and
   on the ground.

magnetic
bunched
in the air
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
11) Further troubles developed in October 1995
when the tape recorder in the orbiter Galileo
___________ the rewind position for 15 hours,
wearing out a section of the tape. 12) In 1978,
at the beginning of the reform period,
____________ 11,000 Chinese students went abroad
to pursue further studies.
was stuck in
approximately
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
13) The development of a new tool for detecting
infections diseases is another step in commercial
_____________ of the growing science of
nanotechonology. 14) Our routine on Mir(?????)
rarely changed, but the days were not
________________ at all. I was living every
scientists dream, said one Russian astronaut.
application
monotonous
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NCE-B4
Unit 2 Smart Cars
15) In 1885 the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler
and the German inventor Wihelm Maybach
___________ a gasoline-powered engine onto a
bicycle, creating a motorcycle.
mounted
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Vocabulary
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4
Vocabulary
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Unit 2 Smart Cars
NCE-B4

1. Bats _____________ sound waves and makes sense of
   their environment from the echoes they
   receive.(send)
2. Dealing with difficult people is a part of
   everyday life, and there are ways you can
   ___________ yourself without starting an
   argument.(stand)
3. Scientists issued reports on the severe climate
   changes that could ___________ the greenhouse
   effect,saying that average global temperatures
   could start to rise noticeably within a few
   decades.(result)
4. I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im
   certainly _____________ lost time now.(make)

send out
stand up for
result from
making up for
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5) Catherine waited until the children went
inside the building before _____________ the car
and driving off.(start) 6) When you go for that
job interview, my mum said, remember to be
confident and ____________ your experience in
teaching in Japan.(play) 7) Black Americans will
never ___________ the freedom that they have
won.(give) 8) Thank you for asking me, but Im
afraid I just cant __________ any more work
at the moment.(take)
starting up
play up
give up
take on
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Vocabulary
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will incorporate Enrons real-world lessons
into their classroom work.
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and the weather was awful as well.
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lucrative
gambling industry although gambling remains
illegal on the Chinese mainland.
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the prototype of a new model before they set up
a factory to make the cars.
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are correlated.
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Vocabulary
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(become a reality, pollution, be poised to,
presently)

• Expanded use of computer technology, development
  of stronger and lighter materials, and research
  ______________ control will produce better, and
  smarter automobiles. In the 1980s the notion
  that a car would talk to its driver was science
  fiction by the 1990s it _____________________,
  more or less.

into pollution
had become a reality
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__________automobile companies such as GM
and Nissan _______________ launch new advertising
campaigns for their smart cars.
Presently
are poised to
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2) Sounds are produced by objects
______________in the air at a rate that the ear
can detect. This rate is called __________ and is
measured in hertz, or vibrations per second.
(frequency, vibrate)
that vibrate
frequency
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3) Reflective devices are more visible at night
and are used in some locations to mark______and
other significant places on the road. Whats
more, automated vehicle-control
technologies__________ under development to
improve _______ safety. These devices ______
in the vehicle and can ________driver to an
impending __________or, in an emergency, override
the actions of the driver. ( mount,highway,
hazard, lane, alert, presently)
lanes
are presently
highway
are mounted
alert
hazard
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Vocabulary
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However, note that the ing attribute also can be
used to denote the purpose or use for which the
noun to be modified is intended. Examine the
following A sleeping carriagea carriage for
sleeping (compare a sleeping child a child that
is sleeping) Drinking water water for
drinking (compare a drinking horse a horse
that is drinking
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Now complete the following sentence by
translating the Chinese into English

1. A new ________________(???) on the campus is due
   to open up next week.
2. Sue sailed into her room with her _____________
   (??), whistling a merry tune.
3. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed
   French, and by the end of the 15th century what
   had developed into being was modified,
   greatly_________________________(????????).

swimming pool
drawing board
enriched Middle English
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4. The predictions about carbon dioxide and its
role in global warming set forth by Arrhenius
were virtually ignored for over half a century,
until scientists began to detect a
_____________ (???????)in atmospheric levels of
carbon dioxide.
disturbing change
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5. A new component system(such as a mew braking
system) in a _________________________________
(?????????)can take as long as four years to
incorporate into a new model. 6.
________________(????) are popular because they
are already partially prepared and cooked, can be
stored without refrigeration for long periods,
and are generally low in cost.
fully developed prototype
Canned foods
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7. As the percentage of older people on the
population increases and the size of the
____________________ (????)declines, traditional
methods for caring for the old may need to be
modified. 8. Scientists who question the global
warming trend point to three______________________
_ (?????????) between the predictions of the
global warming modes and the actual behavior of
the climate.
working population
puzzling difference
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Vocabulary
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Now try to find out what words the following
clipped words and blends are formed from
Clipped Words
doc__________________ vet__________________ pre
p__________________ auto__________________
kilo ________________ memo_______________ gym__
______________ lib__________________
doctor
kilogram
veterinarian
memorandum
preparatory
gymnasium
automobile
liberation
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Now try to find out what words the following
clipped words and blends are formed from
Blends
medicare________________ email_______________ c
omsat________________ newscast_________________
autopilot__________________ Eurodollar__________
________ brunch__________________ telecast______
____________
medical care
automatic pilot
electronic mail
European dollar
breakfast lunch
communications satellite
news broadcast
television broadcast
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Structure
1. Complete the following sentences after the
model, using double prepositions
ModelThe
automobile industry ranks ___________the most
lucrative and powerful industries of the
twentieth century. The automobile industry ranks
as among the most lucrative and powerful
industries of the twentieth century.
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1. Thanksgiving day in the U.S.A., like Spring
   Festival in China, brings families back
   together_____________ the country.
2. 2)The monkey suddenly emerged ___________ the
   tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.

from across
from behind
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3) Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a
new computer unless the price dropped ______
2000 yuan. 4)__________ the chores, Jim managed
to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the
computer or doing reporting for the freelance
articles he sells to magazines
to below
In between
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Structure
2. Complete the following sentences after the
model, using v.it adj.to doand the words
given in brackets Model The new device
_____________ your location on the earth to
within about a hundred feet.(make, possible,
determine) The new device makes it possible to
determine your location on the earth to within
about a hundred feet.
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1. Most people_______________________________ how
   living with ones own children could be
   lonely.(find, hard, understand)
2. The manager_______________________________ the
   five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain
   administrative discipline.(feel, necessary,
   remove)

find it hard to understand
feel it necessary to remove
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3) The Senator____________________________ free
Medicare to those who can afford to pay.(call,
wasteful. give) 4) We dont _____________________
_________ the clock of history. (consider,
possible, set back)
called it wasteful to give
consider it possible to set back
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Comprehensive Exercises
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Hello, Welcome to your new car. I am your
onboard computer-assisted driving system. It is
my job to ________ you to any ________ that may
occur on the _________ . From the moment you
_________ the car, Ill be there to help you.
When you want to relax, I can_______________ the
steering in your place, guiding you from one
________ to another. If a car in front of you
slows down suddenly, Ill ________ your speed.
hazard
alert
highway
start up
take control of
lane
decrease
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get stuck in
If you ________ ________ _________ a traffic jam,
the experience will no longer be so
_____________. Just sitback, relax, and let
me_________ the worry. When you want to ________
back from automatic control to manual control,
thats easy. Just press the right button _______
on the steering column.
monotonous
eliminate
convert
mounted
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Comprehensive Exercises
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The automobile industry is one of the most
important industries in the world, affecting mot
only the economy but also the cultures of the
world. It provides jobs _____________ millions of
people, generates billions of dollars in
worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a
multitude of related service and support
industries. Automobiles revolutionized
transportation in the 20th century, changing
forever the _________ people live, travel, and
do business.
for
way
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enabled
The automobile has ___________ people to travel
and transport goods ____________ and faster, and
gas opened up new market opportunities for
business and commerce. The auto industry has also
_____________ the overall cost of transportation
_______ using methods such as mass production
(making large______________ of a product within a
short period of time, mass marketing (selling
products nationally rather than ___________
farther
decreased
by
quantities
locally
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And globalization of production (assembling
products with parts made _______________ . A
century later, _________________ automakers and
auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became
the worlds largest ________________ activity,
with more than 53 million new vehicles built each
year worldwide. ___________________ a result
of easier and faster transportation, the United
States and world economies have become dependent
_____________ the mobility that automobiles,
trucks, and buses ________________.
worldwide
with
manufacturing
As
on/upon
provide
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This mobility has allowed remote populations to
interact with one another, ____________ has
increased commerce. The transportation of goods
to consumers and consumers to goods has become an
industry in _____________ . However automobile
has also caused some ____________ , such as air
pollution, congested traffic, ____________
increased highway fatalities.
_________________ , the automobile industry is
________________ to be an important source of
employment for millions of people worldwide.
which
itself
hazards
and
Nevertheless
continuing
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Comprehensive Exercises
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eliminate as well satellite
hazard application pollution
manufacture
????????????, ?????????????????????????,?????????,
?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
?, ????????????????????????.??????????????????????
?????, ???????????????,???????????????????????,
??????????????
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__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
______________________________
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th
century, particularly in the United States and
other industrialized nations. They ate indeed of
great use to us, but they have brought some
hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution,
and highway fatalities. It is reported that
automobile accidents rank among the leading
causes of death and injury throughout the world.
Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the
automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels,
designs, and means of manufacturing cars have all
developed rapidly in the past
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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
decade. For example, by using the satellite-aided
global positioning system(GPS), a computer in the
automobile can locate the vehicles precise
position, and with the application of sensors,
smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.
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Text B
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give a short general description of (sth.) ????
outline vt.
at the start of
at the beginning of ????
a thing that is suggested or implied a thing
that is not stated ????
implication
thereby ad.
by that means or action ??, ??,??
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that can be done possible ?????????
feasible a.
having or showing a sensible and a practical
idea of what can be done, achieved, etc. ??? ???
realistic a.
???,???
in cooperation with
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(French) on the way while traveling ???
en route ad./a.
any of the parts of which sth.is made ??,????,??
component n.
of different kinds varied ????? ?????
diverse a.
lasting or expected to last for a long time or
forever ??? ???
permanent a.
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put (sth.) into effect carry (sth.) out ??????
implement vt
a thing, mount, word, etc. that is Equal in
value, importance,etc. ??? ???
equivalent
suitable, acceptable or correct in The
circumstances ???,???, ???
appropriate
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by using (sth.) with the help of (sth.) ?, ??
by means of
the action or process of fitting together the
parts of sth. ??,??
assembly n.
??, ??
exposure n.
become or make sb/sth. mature ???,(?)??
mature
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the bringing of sth. Into use or Operation for
the first time ????
introduction n.
interpret or understand (sth.) In a certain way
???, ??
perceive vt.
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Comprehension Check
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• The author mentions the Futurama as an example to
  _______.
  
• a. illustrate that the idea of automatic
  cars has been around a long time
  
• b. suggest that America has always held the
  lead in automobile research and development
• c. explain a failed attempt at automation
• d. show how far we have progressed

a
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2. We can infer that the author believes
that________. a. chauffeurs can be afforded
by everybody b. fuel is running short
c. human drivers cannot safely travel close
behind other vehicles
d. automatics cars will need broader freeways
c
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3. Visual systems for observing the road are
better than magnetic systems because they
________. a. are more accurate b. can
read road signs c. do not need special
equipment buried in the road d. can make use
of the vehicles control computer
c
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4.for observing other vehicles, laser systems
______. a. cost more than radar systems b.
are preferred in Europe c. are better at
detecting vehicles than radar systems d. can
find it difficult to operate in bad weather
d
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5. Onboard computers are better than roadside
computers for _______. a. setting lane speeds
b. deciding when it is safe to change lanes c.
advising on the best speed to use d. finding
places to park.
b
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6. The authors attitude toward the future
development of automatic transport systems is
_______. a. negative b. positive
c.undecided d. neutral
b
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Translation
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1. These are vulnerable to weather problems and
provide less accurate measurements, but they do
not require special roadway installations, other
than well-maintained lane markings.



??????????????,?????????,?????????????,???????????
???
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??,????,????????????????????,?????????????????
???, ????????
2. However, it should not take long for the costs
to become affordable to a wide range of vehicles
owners and operators, especially with many of the
enabling technologies already being
commercialized for volume production
today. ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________
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3. The largest impediment to introduction of
electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the
general perception that its more difficult and
expensive to implement than it really is.
_____________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________________________
??????????????????????, ?????????????????, ????
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4. Given all of this experience in implementing
safe automated transportation systems, it is not
such a large leap to develop road vehicles that
can operate under automatic control.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________ ______________
???????????????????????,????????????????????????
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Language Practice
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1. The ______________ of radio into the telephone
   set has been the most important recent
   development in telephone technology, permitting
   first the cordless phone and now the cell phone.
2. The budget speech contains a general review of
   economic conditions and _______________ the
   fiscal polices that the government advocates.
3. American culture possesses an unusual mixture of
   patterns and forms forged from among its
   ______________ peoples.

introduction
outlines
diverse
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4. The Internet was first developed in the 1960s,
but it was not until the introduction of the
World Wide Web in 1989 that it became
______________ to transfer multimedia information
over computer networks. 5. The United Nations
Environment Program(UNEP) works
_______________________ other bodies. 6. General
Motors Corporation uses approximately 16,000
robots for task such as painting, machine
loading, parts transfer, and ___________________.
feasible
in cooperation with
assembly
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7. ________________ World War I, Britain had
decisive superiority in heavy battleships, but
Germany eventually challenged British dominance
of the seas with its submarine campaign. 8.
Einsteins law of the equivalence of mass and
energy, expressed by the equation Emc2 , was
first regarded as a matter of mainly
philosophical interest but later turned out to
have immense practical ____________.
At the start of
implication
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• Anthropologists have studied such topics as how
  different languages assign gender to words, shape
  the ways in which people ________ the natural and
  supernatural worlds, and create or reinforce
  divisions of rank and status within societies.
• Recent innovations in software have enabled
  animators to create figures with a more
  __________ sense of movement.
• Standard language is usually more ____________ in
  formal situations because people have come to
  expect it on those occasions.

perceive
realistic
appropriate
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by means of
12. The electronic signals can be transmitted
_________ media suc