RH351

1
RH351 Rhetoric of Economic Thought Transparencies
Set 4 Marx, Marxian economics Socialism,
scientific and utopian
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Economic Analysis key contributors, 19th
century
1900
1800
Adam Smith (1723 1790)
David Ricardo (1772 1823)
John Stuart Mill (1806 1873)
Mill
Karl Marx (1818 1883)
August Cournot (1807 1877)
Johann von Thünen (1793 1850)
Hermann Gossen (1810 1858)
Cournot
Stanley Jevons (1835 1882)
Leon Walras (1834 1910)
Carl Menger (1840 1921)
Alfred Marshall (1842 1924)
Walras
Jevons
Marshall
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Karl Marx and his alternative vision / critical
analysis
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Early socialist thought
If your sciences dictated by wisdom have served
only to perpetuate poverty and strife, give us
rather sciences dictated by folly, provided that
they quiet furies and relieve the miseries of
peoples."
After a long respite the human mind is once
again moving forward The science of social
organization will become a positive science. Its
theory will be based on the general observations
of Condorcet."
Charles Fourier (1772 1837)
Saint Simon (1760 1825)
Robert Owen (1801 1877)
New Lanark
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Influences on Marx
q q q
Hegel (and the Young Hegelians) Early
Socialists Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Babeuf Saint Simon (and the Saint
Simonians) Charles Fourier Robert
Owen Classical economists Adam Smith
David Ricardo Jean-Charles-Leonard
Simonde de Sismondi
G. F. W. Hegel (1770-1831)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)
de Sismondi (1773-1842)
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Marxs guiding thread
The general result at which I arrived and which,
once won,  served as a guiding thread for my
studies, can be briefly formulated as follows In
the social production of their life, men enter
into definite relations that are indispensable
and independent of their will, relations of
production which correspond to a definite stage
of development of their material productive
forces. The sum total of these relations of
production constitutes the economic structure of
society, the real foundation, on which rises a
legal and political superstructure and to which
correspond definite forms of social
consciousness. The mode of production of material
life conditions the social, political and
intellectual life process in general. It is not
the consciousness of men that determines their
being, but, on the contrary, their social being
that determines their consciousness. At a certain
stage of their development, the material
productive forces of society come in conflict
with the existing relations of production, or --
what is but a legal expression for the same thing
-- with the property relations within which they
have been at work hitherto. From forms of
development of the productive forces these
relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an
epoch of social revolution. Preface to A
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
(1859)
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The systems debate
Marxians also proceeded, quite consistently,
positively to discourage any inquiry into the
actual organization and working o the socialist
society of the future. If the change was to be
brought about by the inexorable logic of history,
if it was the inevitable result of evolution,
there was little need for knowing in detail what
exactly the new society would be like.
Friedrich Hayek, Socialist Calculation, in
Collectivist Economic Planning
Friedrich Hayek, 1899 1992