United States Foreign Policy 1789-1900

1
United States Foreign Policy 1789-1900

• LESSON 24

2
What is foreign policy, anyway?

• FOREIGN POLICY A countrys relationship with
  other countries ? dependent on each countrys
  wants and needs
• U.S. foreign policy
• Followed neutrality until the end of the 1800s.
• What Changed? Industrialization!

3
Early American foreign policy...

• Setting of U.S. foreign policy
• Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality
• War of 1812
• Monroe Doctrine
• Manifest Destiny

4
Why did the U.S. change its approach to foreign
policy?

• Reasons for U.S. imperialism
• Industrial Revolution A need for raw materials
  and markets for goods
• Closing of the frontier Investors looked beyond
  the United States for new opportunities
• Example of European nations U.S. did not want to
  fall behind imperializing European nations
• American nationalism America held a strong
  desire to become a more powerful nation

5
New territories show changes in foreign policy

• Acquisition of Alaska
• Purchased from Russia ? U.S. felt there were
  abundant resources on the land
• Purchased by William Seward for 7.2 million ?
  Sewards Folly
• Statehood achieved in 1959 ? Alaska offered
  timber, coal, oil, and gold

6
New territories show changes in foreign policy

• Acquisition of Hawaii
• Hawaii was purchased in 1898 by President William
  McKinley
• Statehood achieved in 1959 as our 50th state
• Major products of Hawaii sugar, pineapples, and
  tourism
• Hawaii also provided naval security for the
  United States (i.e., Pearl Harbor)

7
Why was protection of Latin America important?

• Spanish-American War (1898)
• CAUSES
• Humanitarianism Americans sympathized with
  Cubans, who were harshly treated by Spanish.
• Economics Trade with Cuba suffered due to
  unstable conditions in Cuba caused by Spanish
  rule.

8
Why was protection of Latin America important?

1. Yellow Journalism News reports about
   conditions in Cuba were sensationalized
   (exaggerated) and helped enrage American citizens
   ? DeLome letter
2. Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine U.S. ship exploded
   in Port of Havana, killing 260 American soldiers
   ? Spain blamed, but sinking caused by unknown
   fire in engine room

9
Why was war avoided at all costs?

• OUTBREAK OF WAR
• McKinley attempted to avoid war until sinking of
  U.S.S. Maine
• American public wanted war after Maine incident,
  and Congress approved use of force
• TELLER RESOLUTION United States would recognize
  Cuban independence and not annex Cuba

10
What is remembered about the Spanish-American War?

• CONDUCT OF WAR
• Rallying cry Remember the Maine!
• Roosevelts Rough Riders
• Yellow fever killed more troops than actual
  warfare

11
How was the Spanish-American War settled?

• TREATY OF PARIS (1898)
• Cuba became an independent nation
• Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United
  States by Spain
• Spain sold the Philippines to America for 20
  million
• SIGNIFICANCE OF WAR
• United States emerged as a world power
• McKinley reelected President in 1900