Elements and Principles of Design

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• Elements and Principles of Design

Elements Line Shape Form Color Value Texture Spac
e
Principles Balance Emphasis Focal
Point Contrast Movement Variety Pattern
Repetition Unity Harmony/Gestalt
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• Line
• A line is defined as a mark with length and
  direction, created by a point that moves across
  a surface. A line can vary in length, width,
  direction, curvature, and color.

Jasper Johns, 0-9 (continuous line)
Gesture drawing
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• line

Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm
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• line

Roy Lichtenstein, Brushstroke, 1965
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• line

Morris Louis, Beta Kappa 1961
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• Shape Form
• Shape is an enclosed space defined by other
  elements of art. Shape is 2-Dimensional while
  form is 3-dimensional
• Shape can be
• Geometric or Organic

Fernana Leger, The City
Matisse, from the series Jazz
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• shape

Are these shapes Geometric or Organic?
Edward Steichen, Le Tournesol (Sunflower) 1920
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• form

David Smith, Wandering Rocks
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• form

Edward Hopper, the Lighthouse at Two Lights
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• Color
•   Is an element of art with three properties
• 1) Hue, the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow,
  etc. 2) Intensity or the purity and strength of
  the color 3) Value, or the lightness or darkness
  of the color

Jasper Johns, Target (primary colors)
Delauney
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• Color

Mark Rothko, Red, Orange, Tan and Purple
Picasso, the Old Guitarist
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• Color

Andre Derain, Mountains at Coullioure, 1905
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• Color

Kandinsky, Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle), 1913
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• Color

Van Gogh, Night Cafe
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• Value
• An element of art that refers to luminance or
  luminosity the lightness or darkness of a
  color.
• Value is an especially important element in works
  of art
• when color is absent. This is particularly likely
  with drawings, printmaking, and photographs

Kathe Kollwitz, Self portrait
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• Value

Chuck Close (made w/ thumbprints!)
Edward Weston, Pepper (photograph)
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• Texture
• Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel"
  of an object, such as roughness, smoothness, or
  softness. Actual texture can be felt while
  simulated textures are implied by the way the
  artist renders the surface area

Oppenheim Fur-lined cup
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• Texture
• Actual and Implied

Albrecht Durer Rhinocerus
Golsdworthy
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• Space
• Space is the empty or open area between, around,
  above, below, or within objects. Shapes and forms
  are made by the space around and within them.
  Space is often called three-dimensional or two-
  dimensional. Positive space is filled by a shape
  or form. Negative space surrounds a shape or
  form.

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• Space
• Positive/Negative Space

MC Escher
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• Space
• Depth

Perugino, Delivery of the Keys
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• Space
• Depth

De Chirico, Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
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• Balance
• Balance is a sense of stability in the body of
  work.
• Balance can be symmetrical (formal) or
  assymmetrical (informal)

Wayne Thiebaud, Around the Cake (formal balance)
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• Balance

Edgar Degas (informal balance)
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• Emphasis Focal Point
• Emphasis - Any forcefulness that gives importance
  to some feature or features of an artwork
  something singled out, stressed, or drawn
  attention to by means of contrast, anomaly, or
  counterpoint Focal Point portion of an
  artwork's composition on which interest or
  attention centers

David Hockney
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• Emphasis Focal Point

Barbara Kruger
Rene Magritte
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• Contrast
• A large difference between two things,
• such as light and shadow, color and black/white

Andy Warhol
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• Contrast

David, the Death of Marat
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• Movement
• Movement adds excitement to your work by showing
  action and directing the viewers eye throughout
  the picture plane.

Edward Munch, the Scream
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• Movement

Umberto Boccioni, Unique forms of continuity in
space
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending Staircase
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• Variety
• When elements are changed in scale, color, or
  form.

Stuart Davis
Andy Warhol
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• Pattern Repetition
• Involves multiples of the same element. Repeated
  elements can vary in size, color, or axis
  placement. Repeated elements can create a
  pattern. The use of repetition may be applied to
  all Visual Elements. Motion can be created by
  repetition.

William Morris Arts and Crafts Movement
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• Pattern Repetition

Chuck Close, Self Portrait, detail
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• Unity Harmony
• The quality of wholeness or oneness (Gestalt)
  that is achieved through the effective use of the
  elements and principles of design.

Claude Monet Haystacks
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• Unity

Cezanne
Wayne Theibaud
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• Unity

Van Gogh
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• Identify the elements principles in the
  following

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• Your Assignment
• Work on handout with the book Art Fundamentals
  
• Create 12 small artworks (6 elements, 6
  principles) and
• visually define them. Draw a 3 inch x 3 inch
  square - using a ruler -
• And create small representations of each of the
  elements and
• Principles
• - you may use any media on hand -