The Revolutionary Period

1
The Revolutionary Period
2
Who founded Jamestown?

• Virginia Company of London

3
When was Jamestown founded?

• 1607

4
What was the first permanent English settlement
in North America?

• Jamestown

5
Where was the first permanent French settlement
in North America?

• Quebec

6
Who founded the first permanent French settlement
in North America?

• Samuel de Champlain

7
In what present-day country was the Quebec
settlement located?

• Canada

8
What was the economic basis of Frances colonial
empire in North America?

• Fur-trading

9
In the 18th century what nation became
Englands chief rival for colonial territory in
North America?

• France

10
When was the French and Indian War?

• 1754-1763

11
What was the French and Indian War called in
Europe?

• Seven Years War

12
Who were the two chief opponents in the French
and Indian War?

• Great Britain
• France

13
Who won the French and Indian War?

• The British

14
What was the main result of the French and
Indian War?

• British drove the French out of Canada and the
  territories west of the Appalachian Mountains

15
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?

• Prohibited the colonists from settling west of
  the Appalachian Mountains

16
What three things did the British government hope
to achieve by the Proclamation of 1763?
17

• Protect the friendly Indians
• Reduce conflict between the Indians and the
  colonists
• Make it less expensive for the British army to
  protect the West

18
In order to win the war against France, what was
it necessary for the British government to do?

• British government went into debt

19
What expenses did the British government have in
North America?

• The cost of troops to protect the American
  colonists from Indian attacks

20
What is Parliament?

• Great Britains lawmaking body

21
For what two reasons did Parliament pass taxes on
the American colonies after the French and Indian
War?

• Huge war debt
• Cost of British troops to protect the American
  colonists

22
What was the Sugar Act?

• Tax on French molasses imported into the American
  colonies

23
What is another name for a customs duty?

• A tariff

24
What is a tariff?

• A tax on imported goods

25
Were the British customs duties the same thing as
tariffs or taxes on imports?

• Yes

26
What was the Stamp Act?

• A tax on newspapers and all legal documents
  issued in the American colonies

27
Why did the American colonists oppose both the
Sugar Act and the Stamp Act?

• Colonists believed only a colonys elected
  assembly or lawmaking body could lay taxes on
  that colony

28
What became a popular slogan in the American
colonies?

• No taxation without representation!

29
How did Parliament respond to colonial resistance
to the Stamp Act?

• Repealed it

30
What does it mean to repeal a law?

• Do away with it
• It is no longer a law.

31
What is revenue?

• Tax money

32
What were the Townshend Acts?

• British laws that placed customs duties or
  tariffs on glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

33
How did the American colonists react to the
Townshend Acts?

• Opposed them
• Said Parliament had no right to tax the
  colonists, because Americans had no
  representation in Parliament

34
Were the American colonists represented in
Parliament?

• No

35
What does a legislative body do?

• Makes laws

36
How did Parliament respond to American opposition
to the Townshend Acts?

• Repealed all the duties, except the tax on tea

37
What 1770 clash between British troops and a
Boston mob resulted in the deaths of five
colonists?

• The Boston Massacre

38
What law gave a monopoly over the American tea
trade to the financially struggling British East
Indian Company?

• The Tea Act

39
Why did Parliament pass the Tea Act?

• Hoped American tea sales would save the East
  India Company from bankruptcy

40
Why did the American colonists oppose the Tea Act?

• Thought it was a British attempt to trick the
  colonists into paying the Townshend tax on tea

41
At what event did Bostonians dress up like
Indians and throw East India Company tea into
Boston Harbor?

• The Boston Tea Party

42
How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea
Party?

• Passed laws to punish the people of Boston and
  the colony of Massachusetts

43
To what meeting did all the 13 colonies, except
Georgia, send delegates to discuss the actions
of the British government?

• First Continental Congress

44
Why was the First Continental Congress important?

• It was the first time most of the colonies had
  acted together.

45
What were the members of New Englands militia
called?

• Minutemen

46
Where did the Revolutionary War begin?

• Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts

47
When did the Revolutionary War begin?

• April, 1775

48
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Jefferson

49
When did the Continental Congress adopt the
Declaration of Independence?

• July 4, 1776

50
What did the Declaration of Independence do?

• Declared the 13 American colonies to be
  independent from Great Britain

51
Into what 3 groups did the American colonists
divide during the American Revolution?

• Patriots
• Tories or Loyalists
• Neutrals

52
What group of Americans believed in complete
independence from England?

• Patriots

53
Who was Patrick Henry and what did he say in his
famous speech?

• Patriot leader from Virginia
• Give me liberty or give me death!

54
Which army was the Continental Army?

• American Army

55
Which group of colonists provided the soldiers
for the Continental Army?

• Patriots

56
What was another name for the Loyalists?

• Tories

57
To whom did the Tories remain loyal during the
Revolutionary War?

• Great Britain

58
Give 2 reasons why the Tories remained loyal to
Great Britain.
59

• Close cultural and economic ties
• American colonists should be willing to pay taxes
  to help pay the cost of British troops, who were
  protecting the Americans from Indian attack.

60
Why did the Americans win the war for
independence?

• British government grew tired of the war soon
  after the French agreed to help the Americans

61
What battle was the military turning point of the
Revolutionary War?

• Battle of Saratoga

62
What happened at the Battle of Saratoga?

• Americans defeated a major British army at
  Saratoga, New York.

63
What American negotiated a treaty of alliance
with France in 1778?

• Benjamin Franklin

64
What does one call a formal agreement between
two or more countries?

• A treaty

65
What does one call a treaty of friendship between
two or more countries?

• An alliance

66
What does one call one nations dealings with
foreign countries?

• Diplomacy

67
What action did France take against Great Britain
in 1778?

• Declared war on Britain

68
How did the British peoples attitude towards the
Revolutionary War change, as the war dragged on?

• The war lost popular support in Great Britain.

69
Why was George Washington a good
commander-in-chief of the Continental Army?
70

• Avoided any situation that threatened the
  destruction of the American army
• Kept the army together, when it looked like it
  faced defeat early in the war

71
What nation gave the United States the most help
in winning independence from Great Britain?

• France

72
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

• Americans under Washington and the French under
  Lafayette defeated the British army under Lord
  Cornwallis

73
What two factors contributed to the American
victory in the Revolutionary War?

• Diplomatic factors
• Military factors