BIENVENIDOS

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• WELCOME
• BIENVENIDOS

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BORDER INSTITUTE IX

• Security, Development, and the Environment in the
  U.S-Mexican Border Region Helping Each Other
  Stay Safe
• Las Cruces, New Mexico
• September 24-26, 2007

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AGENDA

• Background Purpose
• Framing the Discussion
• Evolution of Security
• Environmental Impacts
• Solution Sets

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SCERP

• Translate science into policy with a binational
  perspective
• Ten Universities in the Ten Border States
• Since 1990 completed 400 projects , 15
  monographs, and built regional capacity

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BORDER INSTITUTE

• A think-tank style policy conference
• Regional transboundary perspective
• Long-term, preventive view
• Timely and complex topics

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BI SERIES

• Demographics, Economics,
• Infrastructure Finance,
• Energy, Water, Air Quality
• Health Indicators,
• Ecosystems, Watersheds

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QUOTES

• Old doctrines of security do not apply.
• Mr. Gorbachev, Tear down this wall!
• Border interdependence, is inexorably reinforcing
  a de facto U.S.-Mexican security community.
• We share a continent and our people and our
  security are closely interconnected.

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QUOTES

• One kilometer of road in the interior is worth
  more than 10 kilometers of fence.
• The wall is symbolic security meant to
  tranquilize the pubic.
• Damming the border would be very expensive.

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QUOTES

• La deforestación y el cambio climático provocan
  desastre en el campo y crea una nueva categoría
  en el éxodo la migración ambiental.
• El Paso is the third safest large city in America.

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QUOTES

• The sovereign with all the officers of justice
  and war, the whole army and navy are unproductive
  workers. The protection, security, and defense
  of the common-wealth, the effect of their labour
  this year will not purchase its protection,
  security, and defense for the year to come.

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QUOTES

• The trouble with the world is that the stupid are
  cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.

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HEADLINES

• Repairing porous border fence a never-ending task
• Poisons across borders
• Another gas explosion rips the border
• Bill would improve rail security
• Mosquitoes menace borderlands

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WHAT IT ISNT

• No one doubts the need for
• security and safety
• quality economic development
• preservation of ecological integrity
• protection of environmental quality
• Proactively positive

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Environmental Quality Ecological
Stability Sustainability
Quality Economic Development
Geopolitical National Security
Individual and Community Safety
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NEW VOCABULARY

• Move from Conspicuous or Symbolic Security and
  Consumption of protection and protection of
  consumption
• Move to Sustainable Security and Secure
  Sustainability
• By Dimensionizing Security
• And Binationalizing/Denationalizing

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SECURITY

• A high degree of confidence that we know what and
  where people and things are coming across and
  where and when they will come next.
• Relative freedom from threat.
• Favorable conditions and values essential to the
  quality of life.

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EVOLUTION OF SECURITY

• Diversifying our security agenda through 5
  different sectors
• Military
• Political
• Economic
• Societal
• Environmental

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ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

• The maintenance of the local and the planetary
  biosphere as the essential support system on
  which all human enterprises depend (Buzan 1998)

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EXAMPLES

• Resource depletion
• Global climate change
• Population growth
• Ecosystem integrity
• Biosecurity threats conflict
• all amplified by globalization

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FUTURE EVOLUTION

• Energy Crisis/Electrical Black Out
• Drought/Floods/Storms
• Global Climate Change
• NAFTA Trucks
• NAFTA corn tariff (GMO, Ethanol)
• Passports or two forms of ID

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HUMAN SECURITY
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INTEGRATED COEXISTENCE
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TRADE DEVELOPMENT

• 1B daily
• 70,000 trucks daily
• Hundreds of thousands of people daily

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TRADE DEVELOPMENT
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BORDER MEGA-CITY CLUB

• San Diego-Tijuana 3M
• Mexicali-Imperial Valley 1M
• El Paso-Ciudad Juarez 2M
• McAllen-Reynosa to Brownsville-Matamoros 1M

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SECURITY TOLL/BORDER TAX

• Congestion
• Air Pollution
• Not Crossing
• Two CO poisonings

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SECURITY TOLL/BORDER TAX

• The transactional cost calculations
• SANDAG 3B and 1B
• Nogales FAST 4.4-7.2M
• Trucks lose 150/Minute

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SECURITY IMPACTS

• Who and how?
• CBP noise, dust, footprint, lights, etc
• ICE , NORAD, NorthCom, JTF, National Guard foot
  prints

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IMPACT EXAMPLES

• Erosion, Dust, Lost Habitat, Compaction, Diverted
  Flows, Obstructed Gene Flows, Lights, Noise,
  Upset Pollination and Propagation, Microhabitats
  
• Funnel into the extreme hinterlands

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BUT ALSO POSITIVE IMPACTS

• Control of erosion from new trails
• Reduced trash
• Lower risk of wild fires
• Better diseases surveillance
• WHTI technology will reduce wait times

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IRREGULAR TRAIL SYSTEM
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ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

• National Environmental Protection Act
• Hierarchal Strategic Environmental Appraisal,
  Assessments, and studies
• Final Assessment Score
• Toolbox of mitigation, monitoring, and adaptive
  management
• Cumulative? i.e. NAAQS

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REVIEW CAVEATS

• Exclusions for some facilities (Legislative)
• Exemptions to all laws (Congressional)
• Irony of San Diego section
• Security Environmental Responsibility Act
• Security Management Systems

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FEDERAL-CENTRIC ORIENTATION VERSUS

• Local engagement
• International sensitivity
• Tribal consideration
• Transparency
• Public participation

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TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENTS
(TEIAs)

• 1991 UN Convention on EIA in Transboundary
  Context
• International and National Associations for
  International Impact Assessment
• Dozens of publications and a few journals
• Critical capacity to perform

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PAST MISSES WITHOUT TEIA

• Electricity Maquiladoras
• All American Canal lining
• Yuma Desalination Plant start-up
• Shortages on the Colorado River
• Bajagua

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LEGAL FRAMEWORK

• International Boundary and Water Commission (IBC
  becomes IBWC/CILA)
• La Paz Environmental Agreement
• NAFTA and its side agreements
• Border Liaison Mechanism (BLM)
• Security and Prosperity Partnership

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U.S-MEXICO BORDER PARTNERSHIP ACTION PLAN

• Smart Border Agreement
• Has 22 points, none on fences
• Nor the Canadian 30 point agreement

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ROADMAP PREVIEW

• Regional Approach By adopting a binational,
  transboundary view of a challenge the mutual
  values, opportunities and synergisms can appear

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SOVEREIGNTY BARGAINING

• Trade a mutual benefit
• Clearing invasive vegetation
• Ports of entry and customs inspections
• Shared intelligence
• Example of quarantine

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WIN-WIN-WIN

• Clearing invasive species that clog rivers
• Enhances water quality
• Restores natural habitat
• Clarifies the location of border
• Allows surveillance
• Prevents accidental drownings

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MONTEBELLO SPP

• Avian flu
• After event recovery
• Dean

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ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY BEST PRACTICES

• Science-based environmental debates
• Trans-border cooperation regime formation
• The environment becomes integrated in traditional
  security dialogues (politics)

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AGENDA

• MONDAY
• I Introduction and Orietation
• II Expanding Security Considerations
• Keynote Speech
• TUESDAY
• III TEIA
• IV Binational Cooperation

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AGENDA

• TUESDAY
• Tour
• Panel
• WEDNESDAY
• Challenge
• Break-Out Session
• Review Recommendations

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NEXT STEPS

• Executive Summary of Findings
• Border Fence Impacts Book
• INE, COLEF, SCERP
• Ambassadorship
• Border Ecology Workshop

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CONTACT INFO

• www.scerp.org
• scerp_at_mail.sdsu.edu
• 619 594-0568
• www.nacts.asu.edu
• nacts_at_asu.edu
• 480 965-1846

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