EMBASE?BA?????

1
EMBASE?BA?????

• ????????WinSPIRS??
• ??Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE)
• ????EMBSE??????
• ??Biological Abstracts(BA)
• ??BIOSIS Previews ?????

2
??

• ??EMBASE????????????
• ??????????????
• ??EMTREE????
• ??BA?Authority File???.
• ???????(TS)???????
• ??BA,MEDLINE?EM

3
WinSPIRS??????

• ?????(WinSPIRS 5.00)
• ????
• ????
• ?????
• ????

4
????
??????
????
???????
5
????

• ???
• Database
• Print
• Download
• Searches
• Index
• Thesaurus

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??????

• ???
• Search?Suggest
• ????
• Show?Retype? Limits?Clear
• ???????
• Next Hit?Previous Hit
• Brief Fields?Add to Search
• ????????

8
????

• ??????????
• ?????
• ????
• ??????
• ????
• ??

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???????

• Comput
• computer,computor,computing
• Wom?n
• woman,women

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And Or Not

• AND
• gastric and stasis ??
• Retrieves records that contain both gastric"
  and stasis."
• OR
• hepatitis B or hepatitis C
• Retrieves records that contain hepatitis C"
  or hepatitis D"
• NOT
• dyspepsia not aged ????
• Retrieves records that contain dyspepsia" ,
  not concluding records that contain aged"

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And Near With

• AND
• saccharin and synthesis ??
• Retrieves records that contain both
  "saccharin" and "synthesis." in the same record.
• WITH
• family with stress
• Retrieves records that contain both "family"
  and "stress" in the same field.
• NEAR
• blastula near embryo ??
• Retrieves records that contain both
  "blastula" and "embryo" in the same sentence.

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???????

• Search ??
• ????
• Suggest??
• Limit??
• ??????(??????????)
• ????
• Index ??
• Change ???????
• Thesaurus??
• ???????/???????
• ???? (???)

13
The Power of EMBASE MEDLINE Combined!
14
About EMBASE

• This bibliographic database features highly
  relevant information, much of which simply cannot
  be found elsewhere. Renowned for its
  comprehensive international coverage, EMBASE now
  contains more than 9 million records from 1974 to
  the present from over 4,000 journals
  approximately 450,000 records are added annually.
  Over 80 of recent records contain full author
  abstracts.

15
EMBASE ??

• Excerpta Medica Database
• ???,?????????
• ???110?????4000???
• 1974??????????
• ????445000?
• ?????80???????

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Features Coverage

• Drug Research, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics,
  Pharmacy, Side Effects and Interactions,
  Toxicology
• Human Medicine (Clinical and Experimental)
• Basic Biomedical Sciences
• Biotechnology, Biomedical Engineering and
  Instrumentation
• Health Policy and Management, Pharmacoeconomics
• Public, Occupational and Environmental Health,
  Pollution
• Substance Dependence and Abuse
• Psychiatry
• Forensic Medicine
• Alternatives to Animal Testing

18
????

• ????,???,??????????
• ???,????????
• ??????
• ??????????????
• ???????
• ?????
• ?????????,?????
• ????????
• ????
• ???

19
Unique benefits

• Drug literature record access through chemical
  name, drug trade name or manufacturer name
• Enhanced biotechnology, pharmacy and medical
  devices coverage
• Medical device trade name and manufacturer names
  fields
• Precise and reliable indexing using EMTREE, a
  hierarchically-ordered, synonym-controlled
  thesauruswith more than 45,000 drug and medical
  indexing terms and 190,000 synonyms
  (incorporating all MeSH terms)

20
EMBASE ??

• 1900?????IM??
• ?24.8 ?13.2 ?11.8 ??15?(0.26)
• 40??????????,1/3??????????
• ??????,????????
• ???????DR\EL\MN\RN\TN

21
EMBASE ??

• ????????,???????????????????
• ?????????,?????????
• ?????????????,??????(????MESH???)

22
EMBASE CD-ROM

• Elsevier Science???1989?
• ??
• EMBASE CD
• EMBASE Drugs Pharmacology CD
• CANCER-CD
• EMBASE Specialties Series
• http//www.elsevier.nl/homepage/sah/spd/site/locat
  e_embase.html

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EMBASE CD

• Description
• Over 6 million abstracts and citations from 1980
  to the present- over 4,000 biomedical journals
  are screened from 70 countries. Monthly updates
  will add approximately 34,000 new records.
• Important drug information not covered in other
  major biomedical databases
• EMTREE Thesaurus incorporating a user-friendly
  combination of EMTREE descriptors and medical
  MeSH terms

25
EMBASE????

• EMTREE
• 1988?????
• EMCLAS
• 1974-1988? EMBASE?????,
• EMTAGS
• ?????????,1998???

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EM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

• EC(EMCLAS)
• EMBASE?????????,?????????????,?????EC???????????
  
• ??EC
• ??EC??(37)1990???,???????EL??????11????

27
EM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

• EMCLAS - Section Numbers and Headings
• 1 Anatomy, anthropology, embryology and
  histology2 Physiology3 Endocrinology
• 37 Drug EMCLAS 3738 Adverse reactions
  titles39 Pharmacy
• 52 Toxicology151 Mycobacterial diseases
  (1984-1988)
• ??????EMBASE????

28
EM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

• EMTREE
• ????
• ????
• ???? (15?? 115?? ???? ???????)
• Anatomical concepts (facet A)
• Physical diseases, disorders and
• abnormalities (facet C)
• Chemicals and drugs (facet D)
• ????(????,????)(????)

29
EMTREE

• 45,000??????
• 10,000???
• 190,000?????????????????NLM?MeSH???

30
EMTREE

• EMTREE
• Stomach bleeding
• Stomach hemorrhage(???)

31
EMTREE

• EMTREE????,??????? Major Medical Descriptors
  (DEM), Minor Medical Descriptors (DER), Major
  Drug Descriptors (DRM), and Minor Drug
  Descriptors (DRR)??(2000???)?

32
EMTREE

• EMTREE????
• ?????e.g. acute granulocytic leukemia
  (????????? not leukemia, acute granulocytic)????
  ??e.g. stomach tumor (not gastric
  tumors)???????????
• e.g. fetus (not foetus) ?????? e.g.
  nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr is a synonym)
  ??????e.g. alpha adrenergic receptor
  ???,????,???,??,???????
• e.g. down syndrome 4 ethyl 2,5
  dimethoxyamphetamine (??????)????????????????
  e.g. acute lymphocytic leukemia (as well as the
  broader term "leukemia")

33
EMTREE

• EMTREE???
• ?????,????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ??term information?????

34
EMTREE

• ??
• Hay fever(???)
• respiratory tract allergy
• allergic pneumonitis
• allergic rhinitis
• asthma
• hay fever
• house dust allergy
• nose allergy
• pollen allergy

35
EMTREE

• EMTREE????
• EMTREE???????????????????????????????,??,????
  ????,?????,????,????,????,????????MESH???
  propranolol(DOCITON?INDERAL)
• paracetamol (???)
• acetaminophen and 4 acetamidophenol
• ????DRM?DRR???????????????????,?????TN??

36
EMTREE

• EMTREE - Disease Link and Drug Link Terms
• Disease link terms and drug link terms are
  controlled terms frequently used with a medical
  or drug index term to indicate precise
  associations. They have been used in EMBASE since
  1988. Search for these associations by using a
  hyphen between the index term and the link term
  or as independent terms. For example, the search
  cardiovascular-surgery in su retrieves records
  that are about surgical aspects of
  cardiovascular.

37
EMTREE

• Disease Link Terms
• ComplicationCongenital disorderDiagnosisDis
  ease ManagementDrug resistance (began 1996)Drug
  therapyEtiology

• 14??????
• Epidemiology
• PreventionRadiotherapyRehabilitationSide
  effectSurgeryTherapy

38
EMTREE

• Disease Link Terms
• ??
• Parkinson's diseasesurgery
• 1988??
• parkinson disease and surgery(98)
• ??
• Parkinson- disease/surgery(62)

39
EMTREE

• Drug Link Terms
• 17???????
• Adverse drug reaction
• Clinical trialDrug administrationDrug
  analysisDrug combinationDrug comparisonDrug
  concentrationDrug developmentDrug doseDrug
  interaction
• Drug therapy

• Drug toxicityEndogenous compoundPharmaceutic
  sPharmacoeconomicsPharmacokineticsPharmacology
  
• 47????????
• Buccal drug administrationEpidural drug
  administrationInhalational drug administration

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EMTREE

• ??
• 1.losartan (as descriptor)
  545
• 2.losartan (link) drug combination 40
  
• 3 .losartan(link)drug comparison
  125

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????

• TI - TITLE Somatic mutation theory of
  carcinogenesis Why it should be
• dropped and replaced
• AU - AUTHOR(S) Sonnenschein-C Soto-AM
• AD - ADDRESS OF AUTHOR C. Sonnenschein, Dept.
  of Anatomy and
• Cell. Biology, Tufts University
  School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111,
• United States
• SO - SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION)
  MOL-CARCINOG. Molecular-
• Carcinogenesis. 2000 29/4
  (205-211)
• CO - CODEN MOCAE
• IS - ISBN/ISSN (INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
  NUMBERS) 0899-1987
• PY - PUBLICATION YEAR 2000
• CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION United States
• LA - LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE ENGLISH
• LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY ENGLISH
• AB - ABSTRACT The somatic mutation theory of
  carcinogenesis has been the dominant force
  driving cancer research during the 20th century.
  In brief, it

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????

• DEM - MAJOR MEDICAL DESCRIPTORS
  somatic-mutation carcinogenesis-
• DER - MINOR MEDICAL DESCRIPTORS
  cancer-research gene-mutation
  cell-proliferation metazoon- cell-interaction
  stroma- neoplasm- tumor-cell human-
  nonhuman- article- priority-journal
• DRR - MINOR DRUG DESCRIPTORS carcinogen-
• EC - EMCLAS CLASSIFICATION Cancer- (16)
  Human-genetics (22)
• PT - PUBLICATION TYPE Journal
• DT - DOCUMENT TYPE Article
• RF - NUMBER OF REFERENCES 49
• AN - ACCESSION NUMBER 2001024129
• UD - UPDATE CODE 20010201

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EMBASE??????

• AB Abstract
• AD Address of Author
• AN Accession Number
• AU Author(s)
• BT Book Title
• CD Conference Details
• CF Conference Name
• CO CODEN
• CP Country of Publication
• CT Conference Proceedings Title
• DE Medical Descriptors(99???)(dem,der)
• DM Device Manufacturers Names
• DN Device Trade Names
• DT Document Type
• DR Drug Descriptors(99???)(drm,drr)

44
EMBASE??????

• EC EMCLAS Classification
• ED Editor(s)
• EL EMCLAS Drug Classification
• EML E-Mail Address
• IS ISBN/ISSN (International Standard
  Numbers)
• LA Language of Article
• LS Language of Summary
• MN Manufacturer Names
• MS Molecular Sequence
• PB Book Publisher
• PI Publisher Item Identifier

45
EMBASE??????

• PT Publication Type
• PY Publication Year
• RF Number of References
• RN CAS Registry Number
• RP Report Number
• SO Source (Bibliographic Citation)
• SU Subjects
• TI Title
• TN Trade Names
• TO Original (Non-English) Title
• TS Titles
• UD Update

46
EMBASE??????

• ??
• diabetes-mellitus in DEM
• kidney-failure in der
• penicillin-derivative in drm
• ????????
• diabetes mellitus in dem ?
• diabetes- mellitus in dem??????

47
EMBASE????

• EMBASE Accession Number (AN)CODEN
  (CO)Country of Publication (CP)EMCLAS
  Classification (EC)EMCLAS Drug Classification
  (EL)ISBN/ISSN (International Standard Numbers)
  (IS)Language of Article (LA)Language(s) of
  Summary (LS)Publication Type (PT)Publication
  Year (PY)Number of References (RF)Update
  (UD)

48
EMBASE????

• ??
• french in la or lafrench
• pylt1991
• orthopedic in ec ????? ec33
  ud19980125-19980401

49
EMBASE????

• ???????????????
• 1) hypertension
• 2) and herbal medicine
• 3) and review in dt

50
EMBASE????

• ??????????????????
• 1) urinary tract infection
• 2) and child
• 3) and epidemiology in su

51
EMBASE????

• ?????????????????
• brain or cranial or cerebral
• near hemorrhag
• not leukemia

52
???????

• EM Printed Products
• ???(???????)
• 1946???,42???
• ????-??-??
• On-line
• DataStar,DIALOG,DIMDI,LEXIS/NEXIS,OVID,STN,Scienc
  eDirect???????
• EMBASE.com
• ????

53
Biological Abstracts(BA)??
54
About BA

• ??????350,000?,????
• ?1980?????????????
• ???100????
• ???5200??????
• ??www.biosis.org
• www.biobis.com

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????????
?? (31)
??,????? (14)
???? (2)
?? (1)
????? (52)
58
Sample Article Record

• TI Title Successful ribavirin therapy for severe
  adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic
  marrow transplant from close HLA donors rather
  than distant donors.
• AU Author, Editor, Inventor Miyamura-K a
  Hamaguchi-M Taji-H Kanie-T Kohno-A
  Tanimoto-M Saito-H Kojima-S Matsuyama-T
  Kitaori-K Nagafuji-K Sato-T Kodera-Y
• AD Author Address a First Department of
  Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of
  Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya,
  466-8550, Japan
• SO Source Bone-Marrow-Transplantation. March,
  2000 25 (5) 545-548..
• PY Publication Year 2000
• DT Document Type Article
• IS ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)
  0268-3369
• LA Language English
• LS Language of Summary English
• AB Abstract Intravenous ribavirin was given to
  nine patients who had developed severe
  adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (AD-HC)
  which was resistant to conventional therapy or
  where there was involvement of other organs after
  allogeneic BMT. Three patients recovered
  completely from AD-HC, two of whom had been
  resistant to vidarabine. All three had received
  sibling BMTs (2 HLA matched, 1 HLA
  mismatched)..
• AI Abstract Indicator Y

59
Sample Article Record

• MC Major Concepts Infection- Hematology-
  (Human-Medicine, Medical-Sciences) Pharmacology-
• ST Super Taxa Adenoviridae- Animal-Viruses,
  Viruses-, Microorganisms- Hominidae- Primates-,
  Mammalia-,Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-
• OR Organisms adenovirus- (Adenoviridae-)
  pathogen human- (Hominidae-) patient, adult
• TN Taxa Notes Animal-Viruses Animals-
  Chordates- Humans- Mammals- Microorganisms-
  Primates- Vertebrates- Viruses-
• CB Chemicals and Biochemicals HLA- ribavirin-
  antiviral-drug
• DS Diseases adenovirus-induced
  hemorrhagic-cystitis AD-HC urologic-disease,
  viral-disease
• RN CAS Registry Number (R) 36791-04-5 RIBAVIRIN
• MQ Methods and Equipment allogeneic-marrow-transp
  lantation therapeutic-method
• MI Miscellaneous Descriptors clinical symptoms
• AN Accession Number 200000129172
• UD Update Code 20000425

60
??????

• Biological Abstracts ????????????
• ???????,??????
• ?????(Free text)
• ??(Truncation)
• ??(Abbreviations)

61
????(Authority File or Thesaurus)

• ??????,????????
• ???????????
• ?BIOSIS?????? www.biosis.org/authorityfile.html

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????Thesaurus Branches

• Chemicals Biochemicals (cb)
• Drug modifiers
• Sequence Data (sd)
• Sequence type modifiers
• Geopolitical Location(ge)
• Institutions and Organizations (nc)
• Institution type modifiers

• Major Concepts(mc)
• Organism(or)
• New Taxon modifiers
• Fossil modifiers
• Super Taxa(st)
• Taxa Notes(tn)
• Diseases(ds)
• Disease modifiers
• Parts, Structures, Systems (ps)
• Organ System modifiers

64
??????

• TERM DETAIL FOR Pharmacology
• SCOPE NOTE The development or use of
• drugs for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment
  of
• disease in animals and humans includes drug
• design, testing and clinical trials, drug
• pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics
• studies.
• Tree 1 of 1 Major Concepts
• Major Concept Terms
• Pharmacology Pharmaceuticals Pharmacognosy

65
???????TS

• ????
• MC (major concepts )
• ST (super taxa)
• MQ (methods equipment)
• CB (chemicals biochemicals)
• MI (miscellaneous Descriptors )
• NC (institutions organizations)
• RN (CAS registry numbers )
• DS (diseases)
• OR (organism names )
• GE (geopolitical location)
• SD (sequence data)
• IN ( industry)
• PS ( parts, structures systems)
• YN ( taxa notes)
• TM (time)
• NP ( persons)

66
??????

• ??????????
• Turkey 759 (no field limit)
• Turkey in TS 692 (Title Subject
  Terms)
• Turkey in GE 399 (Geopolitical
  Location)
• Turkey in OR 245 (Organism)

67
??????Major Concepts

• ?????????????????????
• ??Authority File?????????
• ???? hematology in MC medical sciences in
  MC pharmacology in MC
• ???? Infection- Hematology- (Human-Medicine,
  Medical-Sciences) Pharmacology-

68
??????Parts, Structures Systems

• ?????????????? (e.g. organ systems, body parts)
• ?????? (Authority File) organ system modifiers
• ???? digestive-system in PS
• ???? cerebellum- nervous-system
  liver-tissue digestive-system, postmortem-

69
??????Diseases

• ????,??,????,??????
• ?????? (Authority File) controlled disease
  modifiers
• ???MeSH?????Alternate Indexing field???
• ????
• viral-disease in DS hemorrhagic cystitis in
  DS ??????
• ???? adenovirus-induced-hemorrhagic-cystitis
  AD-HC urologic-disease, viral-disease

70
??????Alternate Indexing

• MeSH?????
• ???? arthritis rheumatoid in ALT??????
• ????Alternate Indexing Arthritis,-Rheumatoid
  -(MeSH)Diseases Rheumatoid-arthritis
  connective- tissue-disease, immune-system-diseas
  e

71
??????Alternate Indexing MeSH Examples

• BIOSIS Diseases field
• prostate-cancer neoplastic-disease,
  reproductive-system-disease/male
• cancer neoplastic-disease leukemia
  blood-and-lymphatic disease, neoplastic-disease

• Alternate Indexing
• Prostatic-neoplasms- (MeSH)
• Leukemia-(MeSH) Neoplasms-(MeSH)

72
??????Chemicals Biochemicals

• ????????????????
• ?????(Authority File) ?,????Drug modifiers
• ???? ribavirin in CB ???
• hla in CB
• ???? HLA- ribavirin- antiviral-drug

73
??????CAS Registry Numbers

• CAS Registry Numbers???????,??????????
• ????
• 36791-04-5 in RN
• ????
• 36791-04-5 RIBAVIRIN

74
??????Methods and Equipment

• ????????????????????
• ???????
• ???? ???
• allogeneic marrow transplantation in
  MQ therapeutic method in MQ
• ???? allogeneic-marrow-transplantation
• therapeutic-method

75
??????Sequence Data

• Sequence Data ???????????????????
• ?????? (Authority File) ??????
• ???? AF001177 in SD
• ???? AF001177- GenBank-, amino-acid-sequence
  U89896- GenBank-, amino-acid-sequence,
• nucleotide-sequence

76
??????Time (Geologic)

• ???????,?????????????
• ???? Paleozoic in TM ???
• ???? Cambrian- Paleozoic- Devonian-
  Ordovician- Paleozoic- Silurian- 21st
  century 18th century

77
??????Geopolitical Location

• ?????????????????
• ??????(Authority File)??????
• ????
• Austria in GE
• USA in TS
• ???? USA- (North-America, Nearctic-Region) Aust
  ria- (Europe-, Palearctic-Region)

78
??????Person

• ??????????????
• ???? Charles Darwin in NP Albert Einstein in
  NP
• ???? Charles Darwin biologist Albert
  Einstein inventor

79
??????Industry

• ?????????????
• ???? biotechnology industry in
  IN pharmaceutical industry in IN
• ???? pharmaceutical industry biotechnology
  industry

80
??????Institutions Organizations

• ??????????????????????
• ???????????Controlled Institution Type Modifiers
• ???? Monsanto in NC
• ???? Monsanto Company, company/organization

81
??????Miscellaneous Descriptors

• ?????????????????????
• ???? clinical symptoms in MI
• ???? clinical-symptoms immune-system-activation
  Meeting-Abstract

82
????????

• ???????? Super Taxa Taxa Notes Biosystematic
  Codes
• ????? Organisms Title Descriptors

Controlled Vocabulary(Thesaurus)
83
?????????Super Taxa

• ????????????????????????
• ??????(Authority File)???????
• ???? viruses in ST hominidae in ST
• ???? Adenoviridae- Animal-Viruses, Viruses-,
  Microorganisms- Hominidae- Primates-,
  Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-

84
?????????Taxa Notes

• ????????????
• ?????? (Authority File) ????????
• ???? nonhuman mammals in TN humans in TN
• ???? Animal-Viruses Animals- Chordates-
  Humans- Mammals- Microorganisms-
  Nonhuman-mammals Primates- Vertebrates-
  Viruses-

85
?????????Organisms

• ????????????,????????????
• ???? human in OR (bottlenose dolphin OR
  tursiops truncatus) in OR adenovirus in OR
  ???
• ???? Adenovirus- (Adenoviridae-) pathogen-
  human- (Hominidae-) adult-, patient-bottlenose-d
  olphin

86
????????Organisms

• ???????????????,????????,??,????,???
• ????NEAR???????
• ???? (human NEAR patient) in OR (acarina NEAR
  new-species) in OR (rat NEAR animal model) in OR
• ???? Adenovirus- (Adenoviridae-) pathogen-
  human- (Hominidae-) adult-, patient- rat-
  (Muridae-) animal-model Equus-caballus
  horse- (Equidae-)

87
??????????

• ?????????????
• ???? (Authority File) ???????????????
• ????(Authority File)??????????????

88
????????

• human in OR humans in TN Hominidae in OR
  includes fossil species
• ????????,???,?????
• ???? (human NEAR female) in OR
• ???? human- (Hominidae-) female-, patient-,
  child-

89
?????????

• ?????? (Authority File) ???????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????
• ?????

90
??1

• ????????????????????
• ?????(animal model AND alzheimer) in TS
• ?????animal model in OR AND Alzheimer in DS

91
??2

• ????????????????????
• ?????
• ((IBUPROFEN OR MOTRIN) AND
• ANTIPYRETIC AND ANALGESIC) IN TS
• ?????(IBUPROFEN OR MOTRIN) NEAR (ANTIPYRETIC AND
  ANALGESIC) IN CB15687-27-1 in RN AND
  (antipyretic and analgesic) in CB

92
?? 3

• ????????????????
• ????(population studies AND (megaptera
  novaeangliae or humpback whale) AND north
  pacific) in TS
• ?????population studies in MC AND (megaptera
  novaeangliae or humpback whale) in OR AND north
  pacific in GE

93
????

• ???Publication year py2000 pygt1998 py1998-199
  9
• ????Document Type
• ????Languages
• ????Summary Languages
• ????Abstract Indicator
• ??Update

94
Updates

• Quarterly updates on CD
• Update code????????????
• ???? UD20001128

95
BIOSIS Previews

• ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????Biological Abstracts?Biological
  Abstracts/RRM?BioResearch Index?
• ??100????????5500?????1650???????????,???28?????

96
BIOSIS/MEDLINE/EMBASE Serials
BIOSIS vs MEDLINE
BIOSIS vs EMBASE
97
BIOSIS/MEDLINE/EMBASEPrimary Emphasis
MEDLINE Biomedicine Clinical Medicine
Experimental Medicine Nursing Dentistry Public
Health Genetics Toxicology Pharmacology Allied
Health Sciences
EMBASE Drug Research Pharmacology Human
Medicine Basic Biological Research Health Policy
Management Public, Occupational and
Environmental Health Substance Dependence
Abuse Psychiatry Forensic Science Biomedical
Engineering Instrumentation
BIOSIS Life science areas Agriculture Biochemistr
y Biomedicine Biotechnology Botany Ecology Environ
mental Sciences Genetics Microbiology Pharmacology
98
BIOSIS/MEDLINE/EMBASE Value added indexing
BIOSIS Relational Indexing Controlled natural
language keywords Broad subject Broad organism
group Supertaxa
EMBASE Hierarchical tree Drug indexing Trade
names Manufacturer names Routes of
administration Clinical Trials
MEDLINE Hierarchical medical tree Topical
subheadings Check tags
99
??!

• ?????????? ??
• ??65122062
• binzhang_at_library.imicams.ac.cn