Management Information System

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Management Information System

• Text BookSystem Analysis and Design in a
  Changing World
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• ??13605804361
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• ??huanghong_at_zjut.edu.cn

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The Objectives of This Course

• This courses objective is to teach the basic
  concepts and techniques that are needed to
  develop information system
• In order to achieve this, the course was
  organized into four part
• Part 1 the modern systems analyst
• Discussing the work of modern systems analyst,
  the system development project,SDLC,methodologies,
  models,tools, and techniques
• Part 2 systems analysis tasks
• Discussing in detail the system analysis
  techniques
• Part 3 System Design tasks
• Discussing in detail the system design techniques
• Part 4 implementation and support
• Discussing various system implementation
  approaches

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• References
• Robert Schulches, Mary Summer, (??????)Management
  Information System (fourth edition ), ???????
• Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P.Laudon, MANAGEMENT
  INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ???????
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• ???,??????(???),?????
• ??.?????,IT???????---????????????????,???????
• ???,??????(??),???????
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• ???, IT??,???????
• http//www.51cmm.com???????
• http//www.amteam.org AMT?????
• http//www.misxp.com

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CHAPTER 1 THE WORLD OF THE MODERN SYSTEMS ANALYST

• Questions that you should be able to answer after
  Learning this chapter
• Explain the key role of a systems analyst in
  business
• Describe the various types of systems an analyst
  might work on
• Explain the importance of technical, people, and
  business skills for an analyst
• Explain why ethical(?????)behavior is crucial for
  a systems analysts career
• Describe the many types of technology an analyst
  needs to understand
• Describe various job titles and places of
  employment where analysis and design work is done
• Discuss the analysts role in strategic planning
  for an organization
• Describe the analysts role in a system
  development project

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS EVERYWHERELIFE IN THE FUTURE
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A Systems Analyst at Rutherford Manufacturing

• Lets watch a flash movie, then try to answer the
  following questions
• What is a systems analysts work?
• Is a systems analyst a very important role in an
  enterprise?
• What knowledge and skills does a systems analyst
  need?

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System and Information systems

• System
• A collection of interrelated components that
  function together to achieve some outcome.
• Information system
• a collection of interrelated components that
  collect, process, store, and provide as output
  the information needed to complete business
  tasks. Information systems are very important to
  modern business organizations.

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SYSTEMS THAT SOLVE BUSINESS PROBLEMS

• Subsystem
• A system that is a part of a larger system, or a
  component of a system
• Supersystem
• A large system that contains other systems, one
  system can be divided into subsystems.
• Functional decomposition
• Dividing a system into components based on
  subsystems that in turn are further divided into
  subsystems

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SYSTEM BOUNDARY

• System boundary
• The separation between a system and its
  environment that inputs and outputs must cross.
• Automation boundary
• The separation between the automated part and
  manual part of a system

Environment surrounding the system
Manual part of the system
Automated part of the system
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Information Systems Are Built to Solve Business
Problems

• Problem examples
• Order processing
• Payroll (???)transaction(??) processing
• Present financial reports
• Provided Detailed shipment information
• Make production plan
• Etc.

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An ANALYST is a BUSINESS PROBLEM SOLVER

• To build a successful information system,
  thorough system analysis and system design are
  needed, and this is the job of systems analysts.
• Developing information systems is not just about
  writing programs, but to solve problems for
  organizations. So the systems analyst is a
  problem solver, not just a programmer.
• System analysis
• The process of understanding and specifying in
  detail what the information system should do.
• System design
• The process of specifying in detail how the many
  component parts of the information system should
  be physically implemented
• Systems analyst
• A business professional who uses analysis and
  design techniques to solve business problems
  using information technology

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THE ANALYST AS A BUSINESS PROBLEM SOLVER(cont)

• How does an analyst solve problems? Work steps

Research and understand the problem
benefit/cost analysis
Develop a set of Possible solutions (alternatives
)
Decide which solution is best and Make a
recommendation

• Best solution
• Fewest risks
• Most benefits

Define the details Of the chosen solution
Implement the solution

• Each solution
• What should it do
• What are the component parts
• How should they be configured
• What technology should be used to build the
  different components
• Who should build them

Monitor to make sure That you obtain the Desired
results
The analysts approach to problem solving
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Design specification

• Database
• User interface
• Network
• Operating procedure
• Program modules
• Conversion plan

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SYSTEMS THAT SOLVE BUSINESS PROBLEMS(cont)

• Types of information systems
• Transaction processing systems(TPS)
• Information systems that capture and record
  information about the transactions that affect
  the organization
• Management information systems(MIS)
• Information systems that take information
  captured by transaction-processing systems and
  produce reports that management needs for
  planning and control
• Executive(??????)information systems(EIS)
• Information systems that provide information for
  executives to use in strategic planning
• Decision support systems(DSS)
• Support systems that allow a user to
  explore(??)the impact of available options??or
  decisions
• Communication support systems
• Support systems that allow employees to
  communicate with each other and with customers
  and suppliers
• Office support systems(OAS)
• Support systems that help employees create and
  share documents, including reports, proposals,
  and memos

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REQUIRED SKILLS OF THE SYSTEM ANALYST Technical
knowledge and skills

• fundamentals
• Computers and how they work
• Peripherals????
• Communication networks that connect computers
• Databases and DBMS
• Programming languages
• Operating systems and utilities????
• Toolssoftware products used to help develop
  analysis and design specifications ??? and
  completed system components
• Software packages ???used to develop systems
• Integrated development environments(IDEs??????)
  for specific programming languages
• Computer-aided system engineering?????????
  tools
• Other tools

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REQUIRED SKILLS OF THE SYSTEM ANALYST Technical
knowledge and skills(cont)

• Techniquesstrategies for completing specific
  system development activities
• Project planning techniques
• System analysis techniques
• System design techniques
• System construction and implementation techniques
• System support techniques

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REQUIRED SKILLS OF THE SYSTEM ANALYST Business
knowledge and skills

• general
• The activities and processes that organizations
  perform
• How are organizations structured
• How are organizations managed
• Type of work goes in organizations
• Specific
• What the specific organization does
• What makes it successful
• What its strategies and plans are
• What traditions and values are

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REQUIRED SKILLS OF THE SYSTEM ANALYST People
knowledge and skills

• How people think
• How people learn
• How people react to change
• How people communicate
• How people work(in a variety of jobs and levels)
• Integrity??, ??, ??, ??,??? and ethics??, ??
• Private information about individuals
• Proprietary(???) information about products,
  strategic plans or tactics??, ??
• Top-secret information
• E.g. visa card secret code

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The environment surrounding the analyst

• Types of technology encountered
• Desktop systems
• Networked desktop systems that share data
• Client-server systems
• Large-scale centralized mainframe systems
• Systems using internet, intranet,
• Job titles and places of employment
• Programmer analyst
• Business systems analyst
• System liaison
• End-user analyst
• Business consultant
• Software engineer
• System architect

Jobs in a Software enterprise
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Discussion

• What should a common company personnel do when
  the company tries to introduce information
  systems to solve problems?
• Suppose you are a manager of an enterprise, and
  you want to recruit a person to develop and run
  your information systems, who will be your choice
  CS graduates or IM graduates

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The analysts role in strategic planning

• Strategic planning
• A process which executives try to answer
  questions about the company such as where they
  are now, where they want to be, and what they
  have to do to get there.
• Analysts play very important role in strategic
  planning, How might this happen?
• Work for special project that affects
  executives.e.g. designing a EIS
• Business process reengineering
• A technique or process that seeks to alter the
  nature of the work done in a business function
  with the objective of radically improving
  performance
• BPR often involve information system
• Strategic planning processes
• The nature of Strategic planning processes
  determines that analyst must participate in
  strategic planning.

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The analysts role in strategic planning(cont)

• Analysts play very important role in strategic
  planning, How might this happen(cont)
• Information systems strategic planning
• Information systems strategic plan is to define
  the technology and applications the information
  system needs to support the organizations
  strategic plan, it is a major component of the
  strategic plan
• Information system themselves often drive the
  strategic plan
• Information systems strategic plan include an
  application architecture plan and a technology
  architecture plan
• application architecture plan a description of
  the integrated information systems needed by the
  organization to carry out its business functions
• technology architecture plan a description of
  the hardware, software, and communications
  networks required to implement planned
  information systems

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The analysts role in strategic planning(cont)

• Enterprise resource planning(ERP)
• A process in which an organization commits to
  using an integrated set of software packages for
  key information systems
• Complex and expensive, difficult to return to old
  ways
• Famous vendors SAP, PeopleSoft

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A strategic systems plan for rocky mountain
outfitters

• Overview of rocky mountain outfitters
• Organization and locations
• Information systems department organization
• Existing systems
• The information systems strategic plan
• Technology architecture plan
• Application architecture plan
• Time frames for implementing application
  architecture plan

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Two major new systems

• Resulted from reengineering of RMOs business
  process
• The Customer support system
• Order entry(????)
• Customer service/catalog
• Order tracking
• Shipping
• Back ordering(???????)
• Returns(??)
• Sales analysis
• The inventory management system
• Vendor management
• Manufacturing requirements planning
• Normal volume ordering and reordering
• Emergency out-of-stock ordering
• Cost tracking
• Aging of inventory stock
• Turnover(??) analysis
• Warehouse goods tracking

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The analyst as a system developer

• System analysts main work is to work on a
  specific information system development project.

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IT and Business
Promotion Business innovation
Realization Business automation
support
Finding requirements
developing system
improving system
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Main points in this chapter

• Understand the following concepts
• Information system
• System analysis
• System design
• Systems analyst
• Subsystem
• Supersystem
• Functional decomposition
• System boundary
• Automation boundary
• Strategic planning
• Business process reengineering(BPR)
• ERP
• Why a systems analyst is a business problem
  solver and a system developer
• How does an analyst solve problems? What are his
  usual Work steps
• Types of information systems and their purpose
• Required Skills Of The System Analyst

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Assignments

• Key terms and review questions
• Thinking critically 1,9,10
• If you are a CIS student, please do Page 26
  experiential exercises no. 1,2
• If you are not a CIS student, thinking critically
  As a manager or an important personnel, what
  kind of knowledge and skills are needed in order
  to participate in the development and application
  processes of the information systems in your
  workplace.
• Find out as many as possible the commercial ERP
  packages and their vendors.