General Pathology Review

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General PathologyReview
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Assumptions

• Studying pathology enables us to better treat
  people
• Normal people participate positively in the
  society
• Activity of the human is the product of all the
  body systems
• The organ is the functional unit of the body
• The cell is the structural unit of the body

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Assumptions

• The human body can be divided into systems and
  organs based on the Anatomy, and Tissues and
  cells based on the Histology

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Assumptions

• Pathology is any process that is not
  physiological
• Diseases can be explained by evidence of defects
  in
• The structure or
• The function or
• The activity or
• The participation of the human

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Hypotheses

• There is a limited number of pathological
  processes cell injury, cell death, adaptation,
  inflammation, infectious, Fibrosis, immune
  mechanism, genetic, developmental, hemodynamics,
  metabolic, degenerative, and neoplastic
• Each process may involve any system, organ,
  tissue or cell

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Hypotheses

• There are causes for each pathological process
• Clinical presentations can be explained by the
  underlying pathological process
• Complications arise if the pathology persists

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Hypotheses

• We can control (manage) disease by focusing on
• The etiology
• The pathological process
• The clinical signs and symptoms
• The complications

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Health and Disease
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Pathological Processes
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Cell Injury
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Cell DeathNecrosisApoptosis
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Patterns of necrosis
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Cellular adaptationin Growthin differentiation
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Injury and Response
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Inflammation
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Causes of Inflammation
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Clinical Features of Inflammation
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Acute inflammationOutcome of acute inflammation
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Chronic Inflammation
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Inflammatory diseases
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Granulomatous inflammaioncauses
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Lymphatics and lymph nodes
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Chemical Mediators
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Tissue Repair
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RegenerationAbility of cells to proliferate
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Fibrosis
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Loss of function
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Inflammatory diseases
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Hemodynamic Disorders
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Edema
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CongestionHyperemiaIschemia
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Hemorrhage
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Shock
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thrombosis
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Virchow triad
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Fate of thrombus
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Embolism
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Infarction
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Neoplasia
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Transformation
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Benign vs Malignant
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Rate of growthinvasionAnaplasiaMetastasis
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Dysplasia
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Monoclonality
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Nomenclature
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Genetic Defect
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OncogenesTumor suppressor genesApoptosis genes
BCL-2DNA mismatch repair genesaging and
TelomeraseAngiogenesis
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Mulistep carcinogenesis
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Causes of neoplasiaHereditaryEnvironmental
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Cancer
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Preneoplstic disorders
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Screening
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Presentation of Cancer
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Diagnosis of Neoplsm
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Tumor markers
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Grading of Cancer
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Staging of Cancer
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Prognosis