Translation Techniques

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Translation Techniques
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Teaching Plan

• Teaching Contents
• 1. Introduction to the functions of translation
  techniques
• 2. Introduction to the 8 commonly-used techniques
• 1) repetition(???)
• 2) amplification(??? )
• 3) omission(/???/??? )
• 4) conversion(????? )
• 5) inversion (?????)
• 6) division(???)
• 7) negation(????, ?????)
• 8) the change of the voices(?????)

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Teaching Plan

• Teaching Aims
• To make students get the knowledge of translation
  techniques and master them in translating
  practicing.
• To make students skilled in translation.
• Teaching Focus
• Training students ability in dealing with the
  techniques.
• Teaching Methods
• Discussion (group work, then class work) and
  teacher-oriented lecturing
• Teaching Approaches
• Multi-media aided.
• Teaching Procedures

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I. Discussion of the Assignment

• Put the following paragraph into English
• ??????????????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????, ?????????????????????????
  ?? ??????????????????, ????????????

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I. Discussion of the Assignment

• The old people of today are the laborers of
  yesterday. It goes without saying that they
  should have a share in the rewards for material
  and cultural advancements to which they have
  contributions. When respecting and providing for
  the elderly becomes common practice, people of
  all generations will have a sense of security.
  For everyone gets old some day, and when people
  feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable
  life in old age, they will devote themselves
  wholeheartedly to work.

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II. Questions for discussion

• 1. What is domesticating? What is foreignizing?
  Explain them through examples.
• 2. How do you understand the relationships
  between free translation and literal
  translation and domesticating and
  foreignizing? How do you use them in your
  translation practice?

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III. Introduction to the techniques of
translation

• Techniques of translation refer to the experience
  that people have accumulated in their practice of
  translation. They include lots of skills in
  translation, such as selection of word meaning,
  extension of word meaning, conversion of parts of
  speeches and sentence structures, long sentence
  translation, paragraph and passage translation,
  translation of articles of different kinds of
  styles, etc.

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Eight Commonly-used Translation Techniques

• 1. repetition(???)
• 2. amplification(??? )
• 3. omission(/???/??? )
• 4. conversion(????? )
• 5. inversion (?????)
• 6. division(???)
• 7. negation(????, ?????)
• 8. the change of the voices(?????)

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1. Repetition

• I. Teaching contents
• 1. ???????????
• 2. ????????
• 3. ????
• 1) ??????
• 2) ??????
• 3) ??????

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• IV. Teaching Method
• Discussion (group work, then class work).
• V. Teaching procedures

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1. Repetition(???)

• ???????????????? ??????,???????????????????
  ?????, ????????????????????
• (1)??????
• ????,??????
• (2)??????
• ????,??????????????,??????????,??????????????????
• ??????????,?????????????????

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1. Repetition(???)

• ??
• ?????????,????,??????
• He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and
  thinking, brooding and brooding.
• ???????????,??!?????????
• Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no
  peace.
• ????????
• Blood must atone for blood.
• ??????????????????
• They would read and re-read the secret notes.

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1. Repetition(???)

• (3)??????
• ?????????????,????????????,?????????????
  ????.
• ??????????,??????????????????,?????,????,?????????
  ???,??????????????????

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1. Repetition(???)

• ???????,????,???????,??????????
• With his tardiness, careless and appalling good
  temper, we had nothing to do with him.
• ???????????,(????),?????
• I had been completely honest in my replies,
  withholding nothing.
• ??????,????????,????,?????????
• His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if
  they belonged to nobody.

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Examples

• We have to analyze and solve problems.
• ???????,?????
• Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
  
• ????????????????
• Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is
  no peace.
• ???????????,??!?????????
• Nels had it all written out neatly.
• ????????????

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Examples
?????????????,???,????? What are they
after? They are after name, after position, and
they want to cut smart figure. ?(??)??(??)????
A large family has its difficulties.
???,???,???????? The sky is blue, blue
And the steppe wide, wide Over grass that
the wind has battered low Sheep and oxen
roam.
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????,????,????????????,????? (??1) Seek,
seek search, search Cold, cold bare,
bare Grief, grief cruel, cruel grief.
Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,
How hard to calm the heart! (??2) I seek
but seek in vain, I search and search
again I feel so sad, so drear, So
lonely, without cheer. (????)
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• ?????, ??????
• Green grows the grass upon the bank,
• The willow shoots are long and lank.

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2. Amplification(??? /???)

• Amplification It means supplying necessary words
  in our translation work so as to make the version
  correct and clear. Words thus supplied must be
  indispensable either syntactically or
  semantically.

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• ??????????????, ????????????????????????????(?????
  ????),??????????, ???,?????????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ????,??????.
• ?????????,?????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ????????,???????????????????

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• I am looking forward to the holidays.
• ??????????
• Much of our morality is customary.
• ????????????????
• Reading makes a full man conference a ready man
  and writing an exact man.
• ??????,??????,???????
• Histories make men wise poets witty the
  mathematics subtle natural philosophy deep
  moral grave logic and rhetoric able to contend.
• ??????,??????,??????,??????,??????,???????????

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• ?????????????
• He who makes no investigation and study has
  no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to
  speak.)
• 2. ????????, ???????
• Confucius said He who learns without
  thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning
  remains puzzled.
• 3. ??????, ???????
• Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas
  conceit makes one lag behind.

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4. ??????,?????,???????????. ???????????
Before handing in your translation, you have to
read it over and over again and see if there is
anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only
thus can you do your work well. 5. ??????,
??????? The magistrate are free to burn down
houses, while the common people are forbidden
even to light lamps.
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(One man may steal a horse, while another
may not look over the hedge.) 6. ????
Showing off ones proficiency with the axe
before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 7. ?????,
?????? Three cobblers with their wits
combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
8. ?????, ?????? So long as green hills
remain, there will never be a shortage of
firewood.
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3. Omission(???)

• Omission In the process of translation we may
  make proper omission of some individual words in
  accordance with the corresponding laws inherent
  in the two languages concerned in order to retain
  and better express the original meaning.
• ???????????????????,??????????????,????????????
• ?????????????, ????????????????????,
  ??????????????????

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• ??I???,O???,U????
• The letter I represents I, O owe, and U
  you.
• ??????????,??????????
• All bodies consists of molecules and these of
  atoms.
• ????????????,??????????????
• We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so
  have they.
• ????????,????????
• He had met with great difficulties in writing his
  term paper.
• ???,???,???????
• Rain or shine, Ill go there.
• ????????,???????????
• If you go to Beijing, dont forget to see my
  younger brother.
• ??????,???????,????????
• Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,
  affection weakness, thrift avarice.

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• ?????, ?????????
• Whoever violates the disciplines should be
  criticized.
• ????????, ???????
• Some have entered college and others have gone to
  the countryside.
• ??????????, ?????, ??????
• He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and
  a few more men.
• ??????, ??????
• He was proficient both as a flyer and as a
  navigator.
• ?????????????
• Happy families also had their own troubles.

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• ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????,???????????????,????,?????

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• A book is useful.
• ?(?)??(?)?
• The earth goes around the sun.
• ???????
• On Sundays we have no school.
• ?????????
• If you write him, the response would be absolute
  silence and void.
• ?????,???????
• A wise man will not marry a woman who has
  attainments but no virtue.
• ???????????????????

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• It isnt rum for a woman to want her old husband
  back, for respectability, though for a man to
  want his old wife back well, perhaps it is
  funny, rather!
• (??)??????(???)??(???)?(????)???,???(?)??(??),??(?
  ?)???(??)?(???)?(?)??,?????????

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• ?????????? ????????
• We must cultivate the ability to analyze and
  solve problems.
• 2. ??????? ??????????????????????
• Comrade Guo Moro once said The people of
  China have always been courageous enough to probe
  into things, to make inventions and to make
  revolution.
• 3. ????????, ??????????
• They have done much more for the state than
  we have.

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4. Conversion(?????)

• Conversion It means that in translation a word
  in one language belonging to a certain part of
  speech is not necessarily to be turned into one
  of the same part of speech in another language.
• ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ???
• ????????????
• ??????, ????????????????,???????????????????????,
  ????????????????????????????????????

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• For students of composition, an awareness that
  rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to
  another can help them become more quickly
  proficient in a writing pattern that is not
  native to them.
• ????????????????????????,????????????????????????

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• In those years the Republicans were in.
• ??????????
• The music is a gas.
• ???????
• Saud was a frustrated man at that time.
• ?????????
• Traditionally, there had always been good
  relations between them.
• . ????????????????
• This experiment is a great success.
• ???????????

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• 1) ???????????????, ???????
• The mastery of language is not easy and
  requires painstaking effort.
• 2) ???????,?????
• There must be less empty talk and more hard
  work.

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3. ??????????? Xu Beihongs drawings
(paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4.
?????, ??????????,?????????? Lin Zexu
believed that a successful ban of the trade in
opium must be preceded by the destruction of the
drug itself.
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5. Inversion(?????)

• Inversion By inversion in translation we mean
  that the constituent elements of a sentence are
  arranged in way different from the general rules
  of word order of the language in question.
• 1 ?????????????
• Its not your fault that this has happened.
• 2 ?,??????????,????????????????????
• A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases,
  she wrote one inspiring novel after another with
  her strong will.
• 3 ???????????????????
• The pupils that had been watching started to
  applaud.

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• ???????????????
• The meeting ended in disagreement (without
  reaching a consensus).
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• This university has six faculties, namely,
  Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser,
  Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic
  Engineering.

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6. Negation(??????????)

• Negation It means in translation some words,
  phrases or sentences with negative expression in
  SL may be transformed into affirmative expression
  in TL. Vice versa, some affirmative expression in
  SL may be transformed into negative expression in
  TL, to make the version clearer and more
  explicit.
• ??
• ??????? never, no, non-,
• un-, im-, ir-, -less ??? ???????
  ?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,? ??

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• ???????????
• I dont think Xiao Li will com tomorrow.
• 2 ??????????????????????
• Our PLA is worthy of being called a great
  army of the people.
• 3 ??????????????
• Lei Fengs noble deeds are above all
  praise.
• ?????????
• She came into the room with no shoes on.
• 5 ?????????
• Law is no respecter of persons.

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• She refrained from laughing.
• ????,?????
• She was refused admittance by them.
• ????????
• An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
• ?????
• All that glitters is not gold.
• All is not lost. ?????
• But all men are not born to reign.
• ??????????????
• All that flatter you too much are not faithful
  friends.
• ????????????????
• Both children are not clever.
• ??????????

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• ?????
• Private.
• ?????
• Keep upright.
• ?????
• Wet paint.
• ????,?????
• Urban clearway.
• ????,?????
• Inflammables --- keep away from fire.
• ???????
• No deposit will be refunded unless ticket
  produced.
• ??????????????
• These visits will operate only if weather
  permits.

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• If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can
  be considered official only if the school
  envelope has remained sealed.
• ?????????,?????????????????????(?)
• ????????????,?????????,??????????(?)

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7. Division(???)

• Division It means the necessary splitting of a
  long sentence into shorter ones.
• ?????????????
• ???????????,???????????

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• ??????????????????,?????????
• ?????????????,??????????????,????????,?
  ????,??????
• The communist Parties and progressive
  groups in these countries are urging their
  government to establish trade and even diplomatic
  relations with us. This is goodwill. This is
  help.

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2. ????????,???????????, ????????,????????
????,????????,??????????,????????????
Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any
civil war in China, only bandit suppression.
Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he
wants to start a civil war against the people.
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3. ????????????(????)????,?????????
????????????????????,?????????,?????????,??!??!
Instead of dealing with the authorities of the
Chinese peoples democratic dictatorship in the
proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy
work, and what is more, they have openly
published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of
face!
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???????,???????????,???????????????????????
??,????????????????????????????? Chiang
Kai-shek talks about building the country. From
now on the struggle will be to build what sort of
country. To build a new-democratic country of the
broad masses under the leadership of the
proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and
semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the
big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?
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4. ?????????????????????????,?????????
??????????????,????????????????????????,??????????
????????? This must be made clear now in the
Party. The comrades must be taught to remain
modest, prudent and free from arrogance and
rashness in their style of work. The comrades
must be taught to preserve the style of plain
living and hard struggle.
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5. ????????????????,????????, ??????????
??????,???????????????,??????????,????????,?????,?
??????????????,?????????????????,???????????

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Our armys modernization calls for powerful
ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and
equipment, including guided missiles and weapons
it calls for rigorous and hard training to
develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as
required in actual combat it calls for mastery
of the new techniques involved in handling modern
arms and equipment and of the new tactics
entailed.
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8. The change of the voices(?????)

• ????? ---?????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????

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• ???,????????(???,???)
• Meanwhile refreshments had been served.
• ??????,???????????????????(???)
• Now the refreshments had been cleared away and
  the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu
  to see her two uncles.

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• ?????????,????,???????(16)
• Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral
  graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian
  was able to start back for the capital.
• ????,????????,??(xing)????,???????????????,???????
  ?????,?????(21)
• After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine,
  Baoyu would normally have amused himself with
  Xiren and the others but this evening he sat all
  alone, disconsolate, by the lamp.
• ?????????(25)
• By now proposals of all kinds were being made.

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?????????????????

• It is hoped that ??
• It is reported that ???
• It is said that ??
• It is supposed that ???
• Its must be admitted that ????
• It must be pointed out that????
• It is asserted that ????

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• It is believed that ????
• It is well known that ????
• It will be said that ????
• It was told that????
• I was told that ???