Industrial Revolution Begins

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Industrial RevolutionBegins
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Revolution in Great Britain

• 1700s change in technology
• energy source changed from human animal power
  to machinery
• Industrial Revolution occurred when use of
  power-driven machinery was developed
• this started in Great Britain

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Factors for Successin Great Britain

• exploration and colonialism
• power of the sea
• political stability
• government support
• growth of private investment

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Agricultural Factors

• 1701 ? Jethro Tull invented seed drill
• landowners bought up small farms and consolidated
  them in the enclosure movement

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Factors of Production Land

• Great Britain had great natural resources
• coal for fuel
• iron for steel machinery
• waterways (rivers canals) to generate power and
  transport raw materials and goods

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Factors of Production Labor

• Great Britains population grew because of
  greater food supply
• enclosure movement took land away from small
  farmers
• resulted in surplus of available workers

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Factors of Production Capital

• capital is the money or property a business needs
  to stay in business
• capital can be money, machines, or people
• people who specialized in one area had abilities
  and skills to their advantages

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A Revolution in Textiles

• a cottage industry is an occupation in which you
  make a craft and it is done in your home
• making cloth had been a cottage industry
• cloth was made mostly with wool

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A New Way of Making Cloth

• cloth was now made from wool and cotton
• more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure
  movement
• cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies
• new inventions helped the process of cloth making

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Cotton Gin

• invented by Eli Whitney
• removed seeds from raw cotton

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Spinning Jenny

• invented by James Hargreaves
• spun multiple threads at one time
• threads were still thick and broke easily

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Spinning Frame

• invented by Richard Arkwright
• similar to the spinning jenny
• spun stronger, thinner threads

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Flying Shuttle

• invented by John Kay
• pushed thread back and forth on loom
  automatically
• had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle
  back and forth
• allowed for looms to be wider than arms width

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Power Loom

• invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785
• automated the weaving process

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Cloth Making Outside the Home

• new inventions to speed up the cloth making
  process were big machines
• machines needed a special place to house them
• cloth now made in FACTORIES

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Steam Powers the Revolution

• steam is created when water is heated to the
  point of vaporizing
• water vapors expand when hot
• steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas
  Newcomen

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Newcomen Steam Engine
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Development of the Steam Engine

• James Watt innovated Newcomens steam engine to
  be more efficient
• Watts engine was better suited for factories
• 1802 ? Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in
  first locomotive
• 1807 ? Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

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Coal for British Steam Engines

• coal mining industry in northern and western
  England grew
• by 1800, Great Britain produced 80 of Europes
  coal
• mining was dangerous
• explosions
• coal dust
• collapsing shafts
• hard labor

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Exit Ticket

• What are the three factors of production that we
  discussed?
• What is an example of each of these factors that
  Great Britain had?
• How did the early inventions help the textile
  industry change from a cottage industry to an
  industry performed in factories?