Ethnicity

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Ethnicity
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• Ethnicity Identity with a group of people that
  share distinct physical and mental traits as a
  product of common heredity and cultural
  traditions (Rubenstein)
• Ethnicity affiliation with a group whose racial,
  cultural, religious, or linguistic
  characteristics or national origins distinguish
  it from a larger population within which it is
  found (Fellman)

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• Ethnocentrism a tendency to evaluate other
  cultures against the standards of ones own
  (Fellman 179)

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• State
• Nation
• Nation State
• Nationalism
• Empire

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Races

• White
• Black
• Asian
• Native American
• Pacific Islander

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Recognized Races by US Census

• White
• Black or African Am.
• Asian
• American Indian or Native Alaskan
• Asian Indian
• Chinese
• Filipino
• Japanese

• Korean
• Vietnamese
• Other Asian
• Native Hawaiian
• Guamanian or Chamorro
• Samoan
• Other Pacific Islander
• Other race

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Distribution of the B blood type allele among
humans 

• Using the B blood type for defining races,
  Australian Aborigines would be lumped together
  with most Native Americans.  Some Africans would
  be in the same race as Europeans while others
  would be categorized with Asians.

http//anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
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Other terms

• Hispanic from a Spanish-speaking country
• Latino from a Latin American country

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• Hispanic Latinos can be of any race
• Argentina white
• Mexico Native American

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Distribution of Ethnicities in US
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RACIAL AND ETHNIC CATEGORIES from 2000 US Census OF PEOPLE   OF  POP. 
Total U.S. population 281,421,906 100.0
Race   (see note 1) Race   (see note 1) Race   (see note 1)
  --- One race 274,595,678 97.6
--- White 211,460,626  75.1
--- Black or African American 34,658,190  12.3
  --- American Indian Alaska Native 2,475,956 0.9
--- Asian 10,242,998 3.6
--- Native Hawaiian other Pacific Islander 398,835  0.1
--- Some other race   (see note 2) 15,359,073  5.5
--- Two or more races (see note 3) 6,826,228 2.4
Ethnicity   (see note 4)
--- Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 35,305,818 12.5
  --- Not Hispanic or Latino 246,116,088 87.5

• 1.   There was no "decline to state" option
  allowed for "race" designation forthe year 2000
  Census.
• 2. 97 of the people who reported that they were
  "some other race" saidthat they were also
  "Hispanic or Latino" in terms of ethnicity. 
• 3. There are 57 possible combinations of 2, 3, 4,
  5, or 6 races that wereallowed.  93 of  the
  people who reported more than one race,
   reportedonly two.  The most common combination
  was "white" with some other"race.
• 4. 48 of Hispanics reported that they were
  "white" and 42 said theywere "some other race."

http//anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
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Af-am

• Reflects migration to north in early 20th century

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His-am
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Asia-am
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Amerindian, Eskimo, Aleut
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• Ethnic groups in US tend to cluster in cities
  (Rubenstein 222)
• Why??
• Ravensteins Laws

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Race in the United States

• separate but equal doctrine Plessy vs.
  Ferguson, 1896
• Brown vs. BOE, Topeka KS, 1954
• white flight 1950s-1960s
• Blockbusting Real Estate Agents encourage white
  neighbors to sell at a lost, then re-sell higher
  to African-Americans desperate to escape
  inner-city

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World Examples
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Apartheid

• South Africa 4 races
• White
• Black
• Mixed white and black (colored)
• Asian
• Each race had different legal status
• International pressure to end starting in 1970s
• Apartheid laws ended in 1991

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Belgium

• Dutch-speaking Flemish
• French-speaking Walloons
• Both consider to be Belgian nationality

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United Kingdom

• Multinational
• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland
• Scotland and Wales have separate elected
  governments
• Each have own national soccer teams

World Cup 2010 Teams
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China
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European colonial empires in 1938
http//anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm
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Ethnic Conflicts
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Recent hotspots of severe racism  
http//anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_1.htm