Taxonomy

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Taxonomy
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Taxonomy

• Carl von Linnaeus
• Physician Botanist
• Classified into 3 kingdoms
• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi

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Carl von Linnaeus

• Created uniform naming system
• - binomial nomenclature
• - Homo sapiens
• - Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog)
• History of Taxonomy

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5 Kingdoms of Classification

• Monera one-cell, no organized nucleus
  (bacteria)
• Protista one-cell, organized nucleus (amoeba)
• Fungi multi-cellular, feed on decay,
  (mushrooms)
• Plantae all require sunlight (Azalea)
• Animalia ingest nutrients (dog)

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Monera (bacteria) Protista

• Fungus

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• Plants Animals

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• Classification and Naming of Living Things Review

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Characteristics Used to Classify Organisms
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Unicellular vs. Multi-cellular

• Are they
• Unicellular
• one cell
• Multi-cellular
• many cells

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

• Are they..
• Prokaryotic
• no membrane bound nucleus (Monera)
• Eukaryotic
• membrane bound nucleus (Protista)
• Pros have no Eus do

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Symmetry

• Do they have . . . .
• Bilateral Symmetry
• each half a mirror image
• all mammals
• Radial Symmetry
• parts arranged around central point
• star fish most plants

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Symmetry

• Asymmetrical
• not symmetrical
• fiddler crabs

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Coelomates vs. Acoelomates

• Are they . . . .
• Acoelomates not have hollow body cavity
• Flat worms
• Coelomates have hollow body cavity
• Earthworm
• Humans

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Segmentation

• Are they . . .
• Segmented
• humans
• insects
• Non-segmented
• worms

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Homeotherm vs Poikilotherm

• Are they . . .
• Homeotherms warm blooded constant body temp
• Mammals
• Birds
• Poikilotherm cold blooded body temp same as
  environment
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Most fish

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Motile vs. Sessile

• Are they . . .
• Motile capable of moving
• Sessile not capable of moving

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Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates

• Are they . . .
• Vertebrates backbone
• Mammals
• Birds
• Fish
• Invertebrates no backbone
• Jellyfish
• Snails
• Insects

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Open vs Closed Circulatory System

• Do they have . . .
• Open no true heart or blood vessels
• Insects
• Mollusks
• Invertebrates
• Closed blood vessels
• Vertebrates
• Types of Circulatory Systems

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Sexual vs Asexual

• Asexual
• Budding, fission
• Produces identical offspring to parent

• Sexual
• Male and female gametes unite
• Produces characteristics from both parents

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Internal vs. External Fertilization

• Internal
• Sperm and egg unite inside the female

• External
• Female lays eggs
• Male fertilizes

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Feeding

• Carnivore meat only
• Herbivore plants only
• Omnivore both

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Autorophic/Heterotrophic

• Autotrophs
• can make their own food
• photosynthetic plants and chemosynthetic
  organisms.

• Heterotrophs
• cannot make their own food
• undergo cellular respiration

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Categories of Classification

• King
• Phillip
• Suddenly
• Came
• Over
• For
• Ginger
• Snaps

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Subphylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Classification of Humans
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Kingdom Animalia
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Phylum Chordata

• nerve cord
• bundle of nerves
• run length of the body
• notochord
• cartilaginous rod to support nerve cord
• gill slits
• tail

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Subphylum Vertebrata

• cartilaginous or bony backbone
• show segmentation
• closed circulatory system
• appendages

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Class Mammalia

• Mammary glands - feeds
  young
• males and females have them (males inactive)
• Skin with hair
• Homeothermic
• Live Birth
• Taxonomic Review

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Order Primates

• Stand upright
• Have opposable thumbs
• Flattened noses / not snouts
• Nails, not claws
• eye sockets face forward (binocular vision)

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Family Hominidae

• Chimps, gorillas, orangutans, humans
• Share gt 97 DNA with humans
• Complex social behaviors

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Genus Homo

• means fully human
• appeared about 2 million years ago
• Differences
• diet and way they obtain their food
• Smaller face and teeth
• Longer bipedal strides

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Species Sapiens

• modern man
• longer legs, leaner bodies
• first to use tools
• hunter/gatherers as opposed to scavengers
• use language

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HUMAN CLASSIFICATION

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Vertebrata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primate
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species Sapiens

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• Spider Monkey

• Dog

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammal
• Order Primate
• Family Atelidae
• Genus Ateles
• Species Geoffroyi
• Ateles geoffroyi

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammal
• Order Carnivora
• Family Canidae
• Genus Canis
• Species Lupus Familiaris
• Canis lupus familiaris

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Scientific Name

• Binomial Nomenclature
• Genus and Species
• Capitalize the genus
• Lower case the species
• Underline or italicize both
• Homo sapien or Homo sapien

• Canis familiaris
• Canis lupus
• Felis leo
• Felis domesticus