Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)

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Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South
(1865-1896)

• Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Section 1-Polling Question
If you were President Lincoln, how would you have
treated the South after it lost the Civil
War? A. I would have punished the South
severely. B. I would have forgiven the states and
allowed them to rejoin the Union
immediately. C. I would have allowed the
southern states to rejoin the Union as soon as
they denounced slavery. D. I would have allowed
the states to rejoin the Union but not given
them representation in government for a certain
amount of time.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Essential Question
How did plans to unify the nation differ after
the Civil War?
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Reconstruction Debate

• The Union was saved
• Now the challenge was reuniting and rebuilding
  the country
• The Southern states needed to be readmitted
• The Southern economy and society also needed to
  be rebuilt
• Americans disagreed on how this should happen
• The period of rebuilding is called Reconstruction
• Also refers to the various plans for readmitting
  the Southern states to the Union

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Lincolns Plan

• December 1863, during the Civil War
• Lincoln introduced the Ten Percent Plan
• When 10 of the voters of a state took an oath of
  loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new
  government
• And adopt a new constitution that banned slavery
• Lincoln believed that punishing the South would
  serve no purpose and would only delay healing the
  torn nation

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Lincolns Plan Continued

• Lincoln offered amnesty (a pardon)
• To all white Southerners who were willing to
  swear loyalty to the Union
• Except Confederate leaders
• 1864- 3 states under Union occupation (Louisiana,
  Arkansas, and Tennessee) set up governments under
  the plan
• But the Congress refused to seat the states
  representatives

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The Radicals Plan

• Some Republicans saw Lincolns plan too forgiving
• They favored a more radical approach and were
  called the Radical Republicans
• Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens said that
  Southern institutions must be broken up and
  relaid, or all our blood and treasure have been
  spent in vain
• Congress was controlled by the Radical
  Republicans and voted to deny seats to
  representatives from any state that was
  readmitted under Lincolns plan

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Wade-Davis Bill

• July 1864- Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill
• To rejoin the Union, a state had to meet several
  requirements
• 1. A majority of the states white males had to
  swear loyalty to the Union
• 2. Only white males who swore they had not fought
  against the Union could vote for delegates to a
  state constitutional convention
• 3. New state constitutions had to ban slavery
• The bill would also ban former Confederates from
  holding public office

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Lincolns Response

• Lincoln refused to sign the Wade-Davis Bill
• But he wanted state governments to form quickly
• Lincoln wanted order restored in the South as
  soon as possible
• Lincoln would have to compromise with the Radical
  Republicans

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Section 1
Which of the following was a provision of the
Wade-Thomas Bill? A. African American males in a
state had to swear loyalty to the Union.
B. Former Confederates could not hold public
office. C. Confederate states could be admitted
to the Union even if they kept slavery. D. Half
of all delegates to a constitutional
convention had to be formerly enslaved people.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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The Freedmens Bureau

• March 1865- Lincoln and Congress set up the
  Freedmens Bureau
• The bureau helped African Americans adjust to
  freedom
• It provided food, clothing, and medical services
• Also helped freed people acquire land or find
  work for fair wages
• Also set up schools and gave aid to new African
  American institutions of higher learning
• Including Atlanta University, Howard University,
  and Fisk University

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April 14th, 1865

• President Lincoln attended a play at Fords
  Theatre in Washington, D.C.
• John Wilkes Booth entered the private box and
  shot Lincoln in the head
• Lincoln died hours later
• Vice President Andrew Johnson became president
• John soon revealed his plan for Reconstruction
  (Called- Restoration)

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Restoration

• Johnsons plan would grant amnesty to most
  Southerners once they swore loyalty to the Union
• High-ranking Confederates could be pardoned only
  by appealing to the president
• This showed that Johnson wanted to humiliate the
  leaders who he believed had tricked the Souths
  people into seceding
• John said only loyal, pardoned whites could vote
  for delegates to the state constitutional
  conventions
• John stated white men alone must manage the
  South
• Johnson opposed equal rights for African Americans

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Restoration Continued

• States had to denounce secession and ban slavery
  before reentering the Union
• States also had to ratify the 13th amendment
  (Abolished slavery in the US)
• By the end of 1865 all former confederate states
  had new governments and were ready to rejoin the
  Union
• Except Texas

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Section 1
What did the Thirteenth Amendment
accomplish? A. It welcomed former Confederate
states back into the Union. B. It made
secession illegal. C. It pardoned Confederate
leaders. D. It abolished slavery throughout
the Union.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Essential Question
How did plans to unify the nation differ after
the Civil War? -Lincoln wanted to avoid
punishing to promote healing, so he offered
amnesty to all white Southerners except
Confederate leaders -Radical Republicans favored
harsher measures that would break up and rebuild
the Souths institutions and ban former
Confederates from holding office -Johnson wanted
to pardon most Southerners but humiliate
Confederate leaders
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Chapter 17 Section 1 Quiz
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The period after the Civil War is know as
Rebuilding.

1. True
2. False

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The Ten Percent Plan required 10 percent of the
voters of a state to take an oath of loyalty to
the Confederacy.

1. True
2. False

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In 1864 the Union army occupied Louisiana,
Arkansas, and Tennessee.

1. True
2. False

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The Wade-Davis Bill countered the Ten Percent
Plan.

1. True
2. False

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Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play.

1. True
2. False

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The period of rebuilding the South after the
Civil War was called

1. amnesty.
2. war spoils.
3. Reconstruction.
4. Civil War Rebuilding.

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What is the name of the decree that required a
majority of the white males in a state to swear
loyalty to the Union?

1. Ten Percent Plan
2. Wade-Davis Bill
3. Reconstruction Bill
4. Freedmen's Bureau

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African Americans were helped to make the
transition to freedom by the

1. Wade-Davis Plan.
2. Ten Percent Plan.
3. Reconstruction Act.
4. Freedmen's Bureau.

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President Abraham Lincoln was shot at

1. the White House.
2. Ford's Theater.
3. Samuel Mudd's house.
4. William Petersen's house.

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The person who was president after Lincoln was

1. Andrew Johnson.
2. Daniel Webster.
3. John C. Calhoun.
4. Andrew Jackson.

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