Reconstruction in the South:

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Reconstruction in the South

• 1865-1877

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GPS SS8H6c

• Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia
  and other southern states emphasizing Freedmens
  Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming,
  Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th
  amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal
  Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux
  Klan.

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The Reconstruction time period involved

• Conflict between US government and the South on
• How ex-Confederate states will be re-admitted
  into the Union
• How the Southern economy will recover from the
  war
• How the rights of Free Blacks will be protected
• How Whites and Blacks will relate to each other
• Whether the South will be transformed or back to
  the way it was before the Civil War
• Who will influence the future of the South

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Timeline of Reconstruction In Georgia

• 1865 13th Amendment (abolishes slavery)
• 1865 Passage of Black Codes
• 1866 Civil Rights Acts of 1866
• 1866 14th Amendment (grants citizenship)
• 1867 Establishment of Military Rule in the
  South after all southern states reject 14th
  Amendment
• 1867 Blacks allowed to vote for first time in
  GA
• 1868 Capital moved from Milledgeville to
  Atlanta
• 1868 Republican, Rufus Bullock, elected
  governor
• 1868 31 African-American elected to General
  Assembly

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• 1868 African-Americans expelled from GA
  Assembly
• 1869 Ku Klux Klan at height of its
  intimidation
• 1869 15th Amendment (grants all males right to
  vote)
• 1869 Congress passes Georgia Act (GA under
  military control again)
• 1870 GA Supreme Court rules in favor of Black
  legislators
• 1870 Georgia readmitted into Union after
  approving of 14th and 15th Amendments
• 1871 Democrat James M. Smith elected new
  governor (all governor will be Democrats until
  2003)
• Reconstruction Era in GA officially ends

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• What Helped the Freedmen?

• What Hurt the Freedmen?

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President Andrew Johnsons Plan (1865-66)

• To reenter the Union, states had to
• swear allegiance to the Union
• ratify the 13th amendment
• Was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate
  officers
• Favored states rights on issues such as giving
  African Americans the right to vote
• Did not support the Freedmans Bureau
• Took a conciliatory approach

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Radical Republicans Reconstruction Plan (1867-70)

• Supported the Freedmans Bureau
• Created schools (public and black
  collegesAtlanta U., Morehouse and Clark)
• Created hospitals
• Created Industrial Institutes
• Created teacher-training centers
• Distributed food and clothing
• Supported Civil Rights Act of 1866, which
  outlawed Black Codes
• Passage of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
  required to reenter Union
• Divided the South into five military districts
• Supported equal rights for African Americans

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Characters in Reconstruction Georgia

• CarpetbaggersNortherners who moved South
• ScalawagsSoutherners who supported the
  Republicans
• Rev. Henry McNeal Turnerone of the first African
  Americans elected to Georgia General Assembly
• Ku Klux Klantried to frightened freedmen from
  voting and pursuing their civil rights
• Military GovernorOfficer who rules each military
  district in the South.

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Differences of Sharecropping and Tenant Farming

1. Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools
   and animals, seed, and fertilizer
2. Workers agree to give share of crops to owner
3. During growing season, landowners let farmers
   food, medicine, clothing, and other supplies on
   credit
4. Left sharecroppers deeper in debt year after year.

1. Tenant farmers owned some agricultural equipment
   and farm animals
2. Tenant farmers paid in set cash price or share of
   crop
3. Tenant farmers made small profit to live on

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Similarities between Sharecropping and Tenant
Farming

1. Workers were Black freedmen and poor Whites
2. Lives filled with hard work and hardships
3. Kept landowners farm in operations without paying
   for labor
4. Landowners also risk increased debt
5. Contributed to ruining soil by growing cotton or
   tobacco continuously

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Compare and Contrast the Two Farming Systems of
Reconstruction South
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