????????????????????????????????? Statistics for Epidemiology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 51
About This Presentation
Title:

????????????????????????????????? Statistics for Epidemiology

Description:

Statistics for Epidemiology ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:63
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 52
Provided by: bmadcdGo
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: ????????????????????????????????? Statistics for Epidemiology


1
?????????????????????????????????Statistics for
Epidemiology
  • ???????????????? ???????
  • 23 ?????????? 2554

2
?????
  • ????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ????????????
  • ????????
  • ?????????

3
???????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????????????????
  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio

4
???????????????
  • ???????????????? (Qualitative Variable)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ???? ??? ????? ?????????
  • ???????????????? (Quantitative Variable)
  • ?????????????????????????? ?????
    ?????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????
  • ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????

5
????????????????
  • ?????????????? (Nominal Scale)
  • ????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???? ??? ?????
  • ?????????? (Ordinal Scale)
  • ????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????
  • ???? ????????????? ?????????????
  • ???????????? (Interval Scale)
  • ???????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????
  • ????? 0 ??????????
  • ???? ???????? ?????
  • ????????????? (Ratio Scale)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • ?? 0 ??????????
  • ???? ?????? ???? ???????

6
?????????????????????????????
???????? Biostatistics
??????????????? Descriptive Statistics
??????????????? Inferential Statistics
???????????? Parameter Estimation
???????????????? Hypothesis Testing
???????????????????? Point Estimation
???????????????????? Interval Estimation
7
??????????????????
??????????? (Parameter)
??????? Population
???????????????? µ ???????????????????
d ?????????? p
????? (Statistics)
????????????? Sample
???????????????? x ???????????????????
s ?????????? p
8
???????? ????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? 63,525,062 ??
???????????
???????????????? (µ) ?? kg
???????????????
????????????? 1,000 ??
?????
???????????????? (x) 50 kg
9
??????????????? (Descriptive Statistics)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????? ????? ????????? (Proportion, Rate, Ratio)
  • ??????? (Mean, Median, Mode)
  • ???????????? (Variance, SD, Range, Interquartile
    Range)

10
??????????????????????????????????????????????(Me
asures of Central Location and Dispersion)
11
  • ???????????????????????????? (Measure of Central
    Location)
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????? (Measure of dispersion)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????

12
???????????????????????????? Measure of Central
Location
  • Mean (Arithmetic Mean) ????????????????
  • Median ???????
  • Mode ???????

12
13
???????????????? (Arithmetic Mean)
  • ????????? (Mean ???? Average)
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????

14
????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??

24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 31

25 kg


15
????????
????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??
24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 90

31.6 kg


????????? ??? 31.6 kg
16
?????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?
  • ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????

17
??????? (Median)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
    ????? 2 ??????????? ????????????????????????????
    2 ???????????

18
????????
?????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??
24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 31
????????????????????????????
17 19 22 24 25 27
28 31 32
?????????? ??? 25 kg
19
????????
?????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??
24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 90
????????????????????????????
17 19 22 24 25 27
28 32 90
?????????? ??? 25 kg
20
????????
?????????????????????????????????????? 10 ??
24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 31 38
????????????????????????????
17 19 22 24 25 27
28 31 32 38
?????????? ??? 26 kg
21
??????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????

22
??????? (Mode)
  • ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????

23
????????
????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??
17 19 22 24 25 27
27 27 90
?????????? ??? 27 kg
24
????????
????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??
17 22 22 24 25 27
27 29 40
?????????? ??? 22 ??? 27 kg
25
??????????????? Measure of Dispersion
  • Variance (???????????)
  • Standard Deviation SD (???????????????????)
  • Range (?????)
  • Percentile (?????????????)
  • Quartile (???????)
  • Interquartile (???????????????)

25
26
????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????? 5 ??
    ????????????????

Mean 80 ?????
78 79 80 81 82
Mean 80 ?????
70 75 80 85 90
Mean 80 ?????
60 70 80 90 100
27
????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????? 5 ??
    ????????????????

Median 80 ?????
78 79 80 81 82
Median 80 ?????
70 75 80 85 90
Median 80 ?????
60 70 80 90 100
28
??????????? (Variance) ??????????????????????
(SD)
  • Variance s2
  • SD s
  • ?????????????????????

29
Degree of freedom
??????? 9 ??
24 28 17 32 27 25
22 19 31
????????????
????????????? 3 ??
28 19 ???
Degree of freedom n-1
30
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? Mean ??? Standard Deviation
31
?????????????????? (Skew to the right ????
Positive skew)
32
??????????????????? (Skew to the left ????
Negative skew)
33
???????????????????
??????????????????
34
????? (Range)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????
  • ???????????? - ?????????????
  • ???????? ?????...
  • ????????????? ???????... ???...
  • ??????????????????????

35
????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????? 5 ??
    ????????????????

Median 80 ?????
Range 78-82 ?????
78 79 80 81 82
Median 80 ?????
Range 70-90 ?????
70 75 80 85 90
Median 80 ?????
Range 60-100 ?????
60 70 80 90 100
36
Percentiles
  • ???????????????????????? 100 ????????? ???
    ?????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????? 0-100
  • Percentiles ??? P ??????? ????????????????????????
    ????????? P ???????????????????

10
90
10th Percentile
67
33
33rd Percentile
37
Quartiles
  • ???????????????????????? 4 ????????? ???
    ?????????????????????????????????
  • ???????? Quartile ??? 1, 2, 3 ??? 4
  • Q1 ??? ??? ? ?????????? Q3 ???
    ??? ? ??????????

1st Quartile
2nd Quartile
3rd Quartile
4th Quartile
50th Percentile
75th Percentile
100th Percentile
25th Percentile
Median
38
Interquartile Range
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????? P25-P75

1st Quartile
2nd Quartile
3rd Quartile
4th Quartile
50th Percentile
75th Percentile
100th Percentile
25th Percentile
Interquartile Range
39
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? Median, Percentile, Quartile ???
Interquartile Range
40
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????
????????????????
???????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????? (Normal Distribution)
    ?????? Mean ??? SD
  • ??????????????????????? (Skew Distribution)
    ?????? Median ??? Range ???? Interquartile Range

41
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????
???????????????? (Normal Distribution) ???????????????? (Arithmetic Mean) ??????????????????? (Standard Deviation)
??????????????? (Skew Distribution) ?????????? (Median) ????? (Range) ???? Interquartile Range
???????????? Exponential ???? Logarithmic ????????????????? (Geometric Mean) Geometric Standard Deviation
42
?????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????? 29 ?? (?????
    15-56 ??)
  • ????????????????????????????? 15 ??? (SD 3.6 ???)
  • ??????????????????????????????????? 32
  • ???????????????????????????????????? 47
    ??????????????????
  • ?????????????????? 3
  • ???????????????????????????/?????????????? 67

42
43
??????????????? (Inferential Statistics)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????? (Parameter Estimation)
  • ???????????????? (Hypothesis Testing)

44
???????? ????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? 63,525,062 ??
µ 50 kg / 48 kg / 55 kg
????????????? 1,000 ??
(x) 50 kg
(x) 48 kg
(x) 55 kg
45
42 kg
58 kg
50 kg
48 kg
55 kg
95 CI 42-58 kg
46
????????????????? (Confidence Interval)
  • ???????????????????????? 100 ?????
    ?????????????????????? 100 ???? ???????? 95 ????
    ?????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????????
  • 90 CI ??????????? ????????????????????????????
    10
  • 95 CI ??????????? ????????????????????????????
    5
  • 99 CI ??????????? ????????????????????????????
    1

46
47
Confidence limits ??? Confidence Interval
  • ???????????????????????? (Confidence limits)
  • ?????????????????? ???????? ????????????
  • ????????????????????? ???????? ??????????
  • ????????????? (Confidence interval)
  • ????????????? (Reliability) ?????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????
  • ????????????????????????????

47
48
????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????? 1,000 ?? ?????
  • ????????????????????????? 50 kg (95 CI 42-58)
  • ??????????????????? 100 ????? ???? 95 ?????
    ?????????????????????????????? 42 kg ??? 58 kg
  • ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????
    ??????? ???????????????????????????????????

(??????? Variance)
(?????????? Variance)
49
???????????????? (Hypothesis testing)
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????

µ?????? ??? µ???????
???????????????????? 1,316,293 ??
????????????????????? 1,767,601 ??
????????????? 100 ??
????????????? 100 ??
x?????? 46 kg
x??????? 49 kg
?
50
????
  • ??????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????? Excel ?????????

51
??????????
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com