SAR Application Policy Study : Analysis of SAR-Related Journal Papers

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SAR Application Policy Study Analysis of
SAR-Related Journal Papers

• Hoonyol Lee
• Department of Geophysics
• Kangwon National University
• Email hoonyol_at_kangwon.ac.kr

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SAR Application Policy Study

• Contract KARI KNU
• Period January December 2005
• A policy study to analyze the history, current
  trends and future of SAR systems, technologies,
  and application fields.
• A Korean SAR satellite(2008)

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Analysis of SAR-related Journal Papers

• Procedure
• Paper Abstract Collection
• Category Setup and Work Plan
• 1st Classification
• 2nd Classification
• Statistics

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Paper Abstract Collection

• Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (KNU license)
• Index and abstract of almost all journal papers
• http//www.consortia.co.kr/csa/
• Peer-reviewed, English journal papers
• Earliest to 2005
• Keyword Synthetic Aperture Radar
• (2839 papers selected)
• www.refworks.com (KNU license)
• Remove duplicates and convert to Excel format
  (2733)
• Automatic Sorting -gt failed. Need experts
  analysis

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Classification and Statistics

• 1st Classification
• Period May-June 2005
• Material Indexes and abstracts of 2733 selected
  papers
• Experts
• SNU D. J. Kim(700), S. E. Park(700), and S. H.
  Hong(700)
• KNU H. S. Chae (633)
• 2nd Classification and Statistics
• Period July-August 2005
• Resorting and Tuning (Final 2665 papers )
• Statistical Analysis

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• 243 Journals
• 2665 Papers
• 57 in top 5 Journals

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Yearly Productivity
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Classification (STAR)

• System Sensor-based systems
• Technology
• General SAR amplitude only
• Advanced SAR amplitude and phase
• Application
• Land
• Ocean
• Cryosphere
• Atmosphere
• Recommended or Review Papers

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System Mode-based

• Target the Earth or planets
• Vehicle stationary, airborne, satellite,
  shuttle or spaceship
• Mode monostatic or bistatic
• Carrier frequency X, C, S, L, or P bands
• Polarisation HH, VV, VH, HV (single-pol,
  dual-pol, full-pol)
• Imaging mode strip, scan, spot
• ltexamplesgt
• SIR-C/X-SAR Earth, shuttle, monostatic, L/C/X,
  full-pol, strip.
• ERS-1/2 Earth, satellite, monostatic, C, VV,
  strip
• SRTM Earth, shuttle, bistatic, C/X, HH/VV,
  strip
• Arecibo Antenna planet, stationary, monostatic,
  multi-bands, multi-pol, strip/spot
• Magellan, Cassini SAR planet, spaceship,
  monostatic, S, HH, strip
• AIRSAR/TOPSAR earth, airborne, mono/bi, L/C/P,
  full-pol, strip

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System Vehicle-based

• Spaceborne SAR
• 1st Generation Single frequency, polarization
  and mode.
• SEASAT-A (USA, 1978), SIR-A (USA, 1981), SIR-B
  (USA, 1984), SIR-C/X-SAR (USA, Germany, Italy,
  1994), ALMAZ-1 (Russia, 1991-1993), ERS-1(EU,
  1991-2000), ERS-2 (EU, 1995-), JERS-1 (Japan,
  1992-1998), Radarsat-1 (Canada, 1995-), SRTM
  (USA/Germany, 2000)
• 2nd Generation Dual or quad-pol, multi-mode.
• ENVISAT (EU, 2002), RADARSAT-2 (Canada, 2005),
  PALSAR (Japan, 2005), TerraSAR(DLR, 2005),
  TanDEM-X (DLR, 2008)
• Next Generation light, constellation, real-time
  earth observation
• LightSAR (US), MicroSAR(EU), Military SAR systems
• Airborne SAR
• TOPSAR (JPL, USA), IFSARE(ERIM/Intermap, USA),
  DO-SAR(Donier,Germany), E-SAR(DLR, Germany),
  AeS-1(Aerosensing, Germany), AER-II (FGAN,
  Germany), C/X-SAR (CCRS, Canada), EMISAR
  (Denmark), Ramses (ONERA, France), ESR (DERA, UK)
• Planetary SAR
• Magellan (US, 1990-1994), Titan Radar Mapper (US,
  1997-2004-), Arecibo Antenna, Goldstone antenna

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System

• Seasat
• ERS-1/2
• Radarsat-1
• Jers-1
• Envisat
• Shuttle SIR-A, SIR-B, SRTM
• Airborne
• Planetary Radio Telescope, Magellan SAR, Cassini
  SAR
• Ground/ISAR Ground-based SAR, Ship-borne SAR
• Simulated SAR SAR Simulation
• ETC Almaz, SAS, Receiving System, etc.

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Technology

• SAR Basics
• SAR General visual interpretation with SAR
  amplitude images
• SAR Algorithm modeling, target detection, or
  parameter extraction
• SAR System/Processing SAR focusing, speckle
  filter, calibration, new technology
• SAR Classification Thematic Mapping, Feature
  extraction
• Advanced Technology
• Radarclinometry Shape-from-shading.
• Radargrammetry Same-side or Opposite-side Stereo
  SAR.
• InSAR DEM Interferometric SAR processing, Phase
  unwrapping, DEM generation.
• InSAR Coherence Change detection, decorrelation,
  coherence estimation.
• DInSAR Differential InSAR, Surface deformation.
• PSInSAR Permanent Scatter InSAR.
• PolSAR Polarimetric SAR, Classification,
  Decomposition.
• Pol-InSAR Polarimetric and Interferometric SAR.
• Tomography 3D modelling.
• ATI Along Track Interferometry, target velocity
  extraction.

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Application

• Land
• Terrestrial Research
• Ocean
• Oceanic Research
• Cryosphere
• Arctic/Antaractic Research
• Atmosphere
• atmospheric Research

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Application - Land

• Agriculture Agricultural crop, vegetation,
  trees. Agricultural soil -gt Soil.
• Archeology/Subsurface Subsurface penetration,
  paleo-channel, landmine.
• Topography DEM from InSAR, radargrammetry, and
  radarclinometry. Slope angle from PolSAR.
• Forestry Forest, biomass, vegetation. forest
  fire, deforestation. Crop -gt agriculture.
• Geology Lithology, structural mapping,
  geomorphology, mineral exploration, lineament
• Geotectonics Tectonic motion, subsidence, land
  slide, tectonic strain.
• Hydrology Rivers. lakes, limnology, flood,
  snow, ice.
• Seismology Earthquake displacement.
• Soil Soil moisture, soil type (natural or
  agricultural)
• Volcanology Volcanic morphology, swell,
  subsidence, lava flow, eruption.
• Urban/Manmade Urban area mapping. Target,
  building, power line detection. foliage/snow
  penetrating target detection.
• Thematic Mapping Land cover of composite
  surface. Classification of various surface type

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Application Ocean

• Wind Wind speed and direction measurement from
  capillary or gravity wave by backscattering
  coefficient. Comparison study with scatterometer.
  
• Surface Wave Wave caused by wind, bathymetry,
  etc. wave spectra. The waves visible in SAR
  resolution.
• Internal Wave surface imprint of internal wave.
• Current Eddies, upwelling, current, frontal
  system
• Bathymetry subwater topography from
  wind/wave/tide pattern.
• Slick Oil slick, biological film
• Ship Ship detection, ship wake
• Intertidal/Coastal Intertidal zone, coastal
  zone. but tidal wave -gt surface wave
• Ocean surface imprint of atmospheric wave or
  front -gt atmosphere

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Application - Cryosphere

• Glaciers Glacier motion, Glacier snow cover,
  Glacier retreat/expansion.
• Sea Ice Sea ice type, first year ice, multi-year
  ice, pressure ridge, lead, polynya, floe,
  Iceberg, sea ice snow cover.
• Ice Sheet/Ice Shelf Continental ice cap, ice
  stream, ice sheet motion, topography, hinge-line
  of ice shelf, snow on ice sheet/ice shelf.
• Snow over sea ice, glaciers, ice sheet/Ice shelf
  -gt Cryosphere.
• Snow and ice on non-polar region -gt
  Land-Hydrology.

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Application Atmosphere

• SAR Amplitude Weather systems imprinted on ocean
  surface. Storm, rain, wind, weather front,
  atmospheric lee wave, marine atmospheric boundary
  layer, vortex, solitons, atmospheric gravity
  wave.
• SAR Phase atmospheric delay or refraction of
  radar signal by water vapour, ionosphere, etc.

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Recommended or Review Papers

• Selected during 1st and 2nd Classification
  Procedure
• Recommended by AdCom Members
• Recommended by SAR Census
• Will be presented as Appendix

Classification
AdCom
Census
Selection
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Internet Census for SAR Application Policy Study

• 1-31 Oct. 2005
• RS/GIS Lab, KNU
• (sar.kangwon.ac.kr)
• KARI
• (krsc.kari.re.kr)

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Thank You