What

1
Whats this aboutLEARNING?
Whats this about LEARNING?
Learning Conditioning- Classical
Conditioning Generalization, Extinction,
Discrimination Spontaneous Recovery
2
Learning vs Conditioning
3
Classical Conditioning

• Ivan Pavlov
• 1849-1936
• Russian physician/ neurophysiologist
• Nobel Prize in 1904
• studied digestive secretions

4
Classical Conditioning

• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
• stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and
  naturally--triggers a response
• Unconditioned Response (UCR)
• unlearned, naturally occurring response to the
  unconditioned stimulus

5
Classical Conditioning

• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• originally irrelevant stimulus that, after
  association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes
  to trigger a conditioned response
• Conditioned Response (CR)
• learned response to a previously neutral
  conditioned stimulus

6
Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning
7
Pavlovs Classic Experiment
Before Conditioning
UCS (food in mouth)
Neutral stimulus (tone)
No salivation
UCR (salivation)
During Conditioning
After Conditioning
UCS (food in mouth)
CS (tone)
Neutral stimulus (tone)
UCR (salivation)
CR (salivation)
8
Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients
9
Classical Conditioning
Other examples? Odors? Memory?
10
Classical Conditioning

• Acquisition
• the initial stage in classical conditioning
• the phase associating a ns with an ucs so that
  the ns comes to elicit a cr

11
Classical Conditioning

• Extinction
• diminishing of a CR
• in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not
  follow a CS

12
Classical Conditioning
13
Classical Conditioning

• Spontaneous Recovery
• reappearance, after a rest period, of an
  extinguished CR
• Generalization
• tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit
  similar responses

14
Classical Conditioning

• Discrimination
• in classical conditioning, the learned ability to
  distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that
  do not signal a UCS

15
Do Demo- Gun.

• Stop here.. End of lesson one

16
Behaviorism

• John B. Watson
• Baby Albert Experiment
• Conditioned humans emotional response

17
Classical Conditioning
18
Show Clip

• Watson's Baby Albert

19
Operant Conditioning-

• What is Operant Conditioning?
• type of learning in which behavior is
  strengthened if followed by reinforcement or
  diminished if followed by punishment
• What is the Law of Effect?
• Thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by
  favorable consequences become more likely, and
  behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences
  become less likely

20
Operant Conditioning

• B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
• elaborated Thorndikes Law of Effect
• developed behavioral technology

21
Operant Conditioning

• Shaping
• operant conditioning procedure in which rein
  forcers guide behavior toward closer
  approximations of a desired goal

22
Show clip- Skinner Boxes

• Waldon Two- A utopian Community?
• www.twinoaks.org

23
Principles of Reinforcement

• Primary Reinforcer
• innately reinforcing stimulus
• i.e., satisfies a biological need
• Conditioned ( secondary)Reinforcer
• stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through
  its association with primary reinforcer

24
How do Punishment NR differ?

• Punishment
• aversive event that decreases the behavior that
  it follows
• NR- Precedes behavior and decreases frequency
• EX?

25
Cognition and Operant Conditioning

• Intrinsic Motivation
• desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and
  to be effective
• Extrinsic Motivation
• desire to perform a behavior due to promised
  rewards or threats of punishments

26
Observational Learning

• Observational Learning
• learning by observing and imitating others (
  modeling)

27
STOPgtgtgt BANDURA NEXT
28
Observational Learning

• Alfred Banduras Experiments
• Bobo doll
• we look and we learn
• Prosocial behavior

29
Does TV Make children Violent?

• It can magnify predisposition to violence in
  males.
• Increase aggressive response in non-violent males
• Almost no impact on females
• More than two hours per day before age five
  increases rate of ADD.
• Critique of Studies?

30
Television and Observational Learning