European Renaissance and Reformation

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European Renaissance and Reformation

• Mr. Walker

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Map
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Italy

• Renaissance
• What does it mean?
• Art
• Writing
• Learning
• How did it happen?
• Three Main Things
• Thriving City-States
• Wealthy Merchants
• Medici (Cosimo Lorenzo)
• Greek and Roman Culture

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Values

• Humanism
• Education (hist., lit., phil.)
• Worldly Matters
• Secular
• Patron of the Arts
• The Renaissance Man
• Areas of Study
• The Courtier
• The Renaissance Woman
• Different role?

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Art

• TMNT
• Michelangelo
• Sistine Chapel
• Donatello
• Bronze statue of David
• Leonardo
• Mona Lisa
• The Last Supper
• Inventor Scientist
• Human body (muscles)
• Submarine, Airplane, Machine Gun
• Raphael
• Madonna and Child

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More Pictures
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Difference in Painting

• Notice the perspective in these paintings

Renaissance (Pope Julius II by Raphael)
Medieval
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Difference in Painting
Renaissance (The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
by da Vinci, 1510)
Medieval
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The School at Athens by Raphael
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The School at Athens
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Literature

• Language Differences
• Vernacular
• Wrote in native language (Italian)
• Niccolo Machiavelli
• The Prince
• Very secular
• Goal is to preserve authority
• Is it better for a leader to be feared or loved?
• Strong as a lion, shrewd as a fox
• The end justifies the means

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Northern Renaissance

• Ideas Spread North
• Germany
• Albrecht Dürer
• Woodcuts Engravings
• Religion Myths
• Spread Ideas

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Dürers Woodcuts
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Dürers Woodcuts
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Northern Renaissance

• Ideas Spread North
• Germany
• Albrecht Dürer
• Woodcuts Engravings
• Religion Myths
• Spread Ideas
• Pieter Bruegel
• Flanders
• Large Groups of People
• Everyday Life
• Color Detail

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Bruegels Paintings
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Bruegels Paintings
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Bruegels Paintings
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Writers in the North

• Christian Humanist Movement
• Emphasis on education
• Churchs failure
• Desiderius Erasmus (Holland)
• The Praise of Folly
• Christianity of the Heart
• Bible Study
• Thomas More (England)
• Utopia
• Ideal Society
• War, greed or corruption

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Elizabethan Age

• Queen Elizabeth I
• Art and Literature Development
• William Shakespeare
• Understanding of humans
• English mastery
• Flaws
• Can you name some Shakespeare works?
• Have you seen these movies?

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Shakespeare Inspired
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Ideas Spread

• Johann Gutenberg
• Printing Press
• The Bible
• Cheap Prices
• Spread of knowledge
• The Legacy?
• Change in the Arts
• Greek Roman
• Realistic Lifelike
• Secular as well as religious
• Vernacular
• Individual

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The Legacy?

• Changes in Society
• Information available and cheap
• Literacy rate rose
• Maps and charts published
• Rights understood
• How life should be lived
• Question ideas
• Martin Luther

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Reformation

• How did they get there?
• Catholic Church
• Corrupt leaders
• Some could not read
• Drinking Gambling
• Emphasis on Personal Pleasures
• Calls for Reform
• Martin Luther
• 95 Theses
• Selling indulgences
• Posted on the Castle door
• Started the Reformation

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Martin Luther

• Teachings
• Salvation by forgiveness
• Teachings based on the Bible
• All people equal
• Eliminated the need for priests
• Responses
• Pope threatens Luther
• Excommunicated
• Edict of Worms
• New religion formed

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Reactions

• German peasant revolt
• Luther upset
• 100,000 killed
• Rejection from peasants
• New religion
• Opposition to Lutherans
• Protestants non-Catholics
• Peace of Augsburg
• Rulers decide religion

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England

• Henry VIII
• Roman Catholic
• Needed a Male Heir
• Wife Catherine Daughter Mary
• Divorce No Annul Yes
• Pope Says No
• Reformation Parliament
• Marries Anne Boleyn
• Act of Supremacy
• Thomas More
• Tower of London

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Consequences

• A. Boleyn Mary
• Treason Tower of London
• Beheaded
• Jane Seymour
• Son Edward
• Dies Two Weeks Later
• Marries Three More Times
• No Children
• Henry Dies in 1547
• All Three Children Take Turns Ruling

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After Henry VIII

• Edward Take Throne
• Nine Years Old
• Always Sick
• Protestant Advisors
• Mary Is Next
• Devout Catholic
• Executed Protestants
• Bloody Mary
• Elizabeth I
• A. Boleyns Daughter

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Elizabeth I

• Return to Protestantism
• Creates Anglican Church
• Compromise
• Marry Sermons in English
• Robes Services
• Challenges
• Protestants Expand
• Catholics Mary Q of Scots
• Philip II of Spain
• Money Problems
• Colonies Cost Money

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Reformation Continues

• John Calvin
• Institutes of Christian Religion
• Protestant Theology
• Man Sinful by Nature
• Cant Earn Salvation
• Elect
• Predestination
• Calvinism
• Ideal Government Theocracy
• Geneva as an Example

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Calvinism Spreads

• John Knox
• Took Ideas Back to Scotland
• Presbyters
• France
• Huguenots
• St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
• Bible Interpretations
• Anabaptists
• Baptize Again
• Separation Church State
• Later Became Amish Mennonites

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Catholic Reformation

• Counter Reformation
• Ignatius
• Spiritual Exercises
• Society of Jesus
• Jesuits
• 1- Schools
• 2 Conversion - Missionaries
• 3 Stop Spread of Protestantism

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Pope Paul III

• Reforms
• 1 Indulgences
• 2 Approved Jesuit Order
• 3 Inquisition heresy
• Council of Trent
• Interpretation Final
• Faith Good Works for Salvation
• Indulgence Selling

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Reformation Legacy

• New Religious Denominations
• Catholic Church More Unified
• New Emphasis on Education
• Women, Little Change
• Laid Groundwork for the Enlightenment