Athropods

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Athropods

• arthros pod
• jointed foot

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Reigners and rulers of the world

• make up over three quarters of the animal kingdom

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Exoskeleton

• chitinous exoskeleton (a cuticle secreted by
  underlying epidermis that contains chitin) chitin
  is a polysacchride also found in the cell walls
  of fungi
• the exoskeleton serves as an armor to protect the
  soft body of the insect, as well as to aid in
  mobility
• this outside skeleton must be shed periodically
  as the athropod grow the shedding is called
  ecdysis

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Paired Jointed Appendages

• Jointed appendanges
• well developed sense organs

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Metamorphosis

• growth accompanied by ecdysis (molting) of the
  exoskeleton, can become 33 larger than before
  the shed
• Can grow by complete or incomplete metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
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Open Circulatory System

• open circulatory system that contains the blood
  (hemolymph)

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Reproduction

• sexes are separate (dioecious)
• parthenogenesis occurs in some species (such as
  bees, wasps and termites)

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Crustaceans

• two pairs of antennae
• pair of mandibles,
• pair of compound eyes (usually on stalks)
• two pair of maxillae on their heads, followed by
  a pair of appendages on each body segment The
  appendages are primitively branched (biramous),
  and although this condition is modified in many
  species, adults always have at least some
  biramous appendages.
• Crustaceans respire via gills.

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Arachnids

• 4 pairs of walking legs
• pedipalps or foot feelers
• feeding appendages called chelicerae
• mostly predators and parasites

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Diplopods

• 2 pairs of legs per segment
• Round
• superficially segmented body
• herbivore/scavenger
• secretes acid at posterior end

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Chilopods

• 1 pair of legs per segment
• Flat
• segmented body
• Has posterior poison gland and anterior jaws
• carnivores

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Merostomata

• large shield that covers the cephalothorax.
• compound eyes are reduced.
• second pair of appendages, the pedipalps,
  resemble walking legs.
• They have a long, spike-like appendage called a
  telson that projects from the rear of their
  bodies.
• Respiration is via book gills.

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Entomology--gt the study of Insects

• Insects are the most numerous form of animal life
  on the planet. Close to 80 of all animal species
  humans have described are insects. There are over
  300,000 known species of beetles -- just one type
  of insect
• Body Plan
• head (antennae, compound eyes, feeding
  appendages)
• thorax (wings, 6 legs)
• abdomen (ovipositor)

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Insect Classification

• Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)
• Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
• Isoptera (termites)
• Hemiptera (true bugs,cicadas, aphids, scale
  insects)
• Dictyoptera (roaches, mantids)
• Coleoptera (beetles)
• Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
• Diptera (flies)
• Siphonaptera (fleas)
• Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)

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Harmful Insects

• Pests, vectors of pathogens, crop eaters, sting,
  bite

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Beneficial Insects

• Pollination, honey, silk, food (entomophagy),
  biological control, designer genes

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References

• The Wonderful World of Insects
  http//www.earthlife.net/insects/six01.html
• University of Kentucky Bug Food
  http//www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/ythfacts
  /bugfood/bugfood.htm
• MiniBeast Museum http//members.aol.com/YESedu/ma
  inmenu.html
• Arthropoda Lesson www.kent.wednet.edu/.../sci_cla
  ss/ chap14/arthropod.html