The Lower Limb

1
The Lower Limb
www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
2
The Lower Limb

• Consists of
• the gluteal region (buttocks)
• the thigh
• the leg, and
• the foot.

www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
3
Functions of the Lower Limb

• Support the body weight
• The ligaments at the hip and knee joints
  facilitate locking of these joints therefore
  reducing the amount of muscular energy required
  to maintain a standing position.

Locomotion To move the body through space. This
involves integration of movements at all joints
of the lower limb to place the foot on the ground
and move the body over it.
www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
4
Bones
pelvis

• Hip bone
• Thigh bone
• Leg bones

femur
- pelvis
- femur
tibia
fibula
- tibia
- fibula
www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
5
Joints
Hip joint
Joint Bones Type Movements
Pelvis and femur Ball and socket Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
Femur, tibia and patella Hinge Flexion and extension
Tibia, fibula and talus (a tarsal bone) Hinge Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Hip joint
Knee joint
Knee joint
Ankle joint
Ankle joint
www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
6
Muscles
Muscle Compartment Actions
Gluteal region Extend, abduct and rotate the thigh at the hip joint.
Thigh Thigh
Anterior compartment Extend the leg at the knee joint.
Posterior compartment (hamstrings) Extend the thigh at the hip joint and flex the leg at the knee joint.
Medial compartment Adduct the thigh at the hip joint.
Leg Leg
Anterior compartment Dorsiflex the foot and extend the digits.
Posterior compartment Plantarflex the foot and flex the digits.
Lateral compartment Evert the foot.
Foot Support the arches of the foot.
www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
7
The Foot

• Bones

Phalanges

• Calcaneus

• 6 tarsal bones

• Talus

Metatarsals

• Navicular

• Cuboid

Cuneiforms

• Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

Cuboid
Navicular

• 5 metatarsal bones

Talus

• 14 phalanges

www.anatsoc.org.uk Anatomical Society is a
registered Charity No 290469 and Limited Company
Registered in England and Wales No 01848115
Registered office Fairfax House, 15 Fulwood
Place, London WC1V 6A
Calcaneus