New Imperialism

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New Imperialism

• An Overview

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Causes of the new imperialism

1. Economic interests
2. Political and military interests
3. Social and cultural interests

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Causes of the new imperialism

1. Economic interests

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Causes of the new imperialism

• 2. Political and military interests

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Causes of the new imperialism

• 3. Social and cultural interests

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The Success of Western Imperialism - 1870-1914

• Weakness of Nonwestern States (e.g. Ottoman
  Middle East, Mughal India, Qing China)

Western Advantages- strong economies,
well-organized governments, powerful militaries
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Forms of Imperial Rule

• Colonies
• (a) direct rule - officials soldiers sent to
  administer colonies (French) (b) indirect rule -
  sultans, chiefs, other local rulers - urged
  leaders to get education in home country to
  become westernized (British)
• 2. Protectorates - local rulers left in place but
  expected to follow advice of European advisers -
  cheaper than running a colony

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Africa

• European contacts increase - Africa known as the
  "dark continent" because little was known about
  its interior.

Missionaries - tried to spread Christianity,
spoke out against slavery - built schools,
churches, medical clinics - paternalistic - saw
Africans as children in need of guidance.
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Africa
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Africa
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Africa

• Explorers
• 1855 David Livingston Victoria Falls
• 1858 Richard Burton Lake Tanganyika
• 1869 Henry Stanley.
• 1871 Stanley finds Livingstone
• 1870s - Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza

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Africa

• A Scramble for Colonies - Belgian King Leopold II
  - hired Henry Stanley to explore Congo River
  basin, arrange trade treaties with African
  leaders - hoped for conquest and profit - his
  activities in the Congo set off a scramble by
  other European nations

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Africa
Berlin Conference - 1884
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Africa
Berlin Conference - 1884 European powers met
to decide how to carve up Africa - no Africans
invited - recognized Leopolds claim to the Congo
Free State but called for free trade on Congo and
Niger rivers
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Africa

• Belgium - The Congo
• French - West and Central Africa
• Britain in South Africa
• Portugal in Angola and Mozambique
• Italy in Libya
• Germany in Eastern and Southwestern Africa

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India

• British East India Company controls 3/5 India
• 1857 Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Mutiny)

1858 Britain takes direct control Britain sees
India as a source of raw materials (cotton) and
market for goods (shirts).
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China

• In late 1700s British merchants begin to make
  huge profits in trade of opium grown in India for
  Chinese tea
• 1839 Opium Wars starts.

1842 Treaty of Nanjing unequal treaties
includes the lease of Hong Kong. (right)
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China

• Opium Wars.

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China

• 1860 Russia builds port of Vladivostok.
• 1894 Japan quickly defeats China.
• 1899 USA demands access to trade with China.
• 1900 Boxer Uprising

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China

• 1900 Boxer Uprising