Title: Refuelling
1Refuelling
2Small vessel fuel systems
- Components
- Tank (Day, wing, portable)
- Pick up line, Cut off, Primary Filter, Water
seperator - Filler pipe, Sight glass
- Filler cap, sounding pipe cap
- Inspection plate, Baffles
- Fuel return line
- Vent, Spark arrester gauze
- Earth, drain plug
- Sounding pipe, striker plate, dipstick
3Fuel System Components
4Tank Volume
- Trapezoidal Tank
- Volume Length x (Width top width bottom) / 2
x Height - Cylindrical Tank
- Volume Length x 3.14.17 x Radius²
- Triangular Tank
- Volume Length x Width x Height / 2
- More complex shapes break the shape down into
sections with regular shapes then use above
formulae
5Tank Volume
- Never fill to the top. Always allow at least 5
for expansion - Density of diesel fuel is about 0.8 tons per m³
- 1 cubic metre 1,000 litres
6How much is in the tank?
- Methods to measure fuel level include-
- Dipstick
- Sight glass
- Electronic Gauge
- Pressure Gauge
- Sounding line
- Where the horizontal profile of the tank changes
with depth, calibration of the equipment or
calculation will be required to determine the
volume of fuel in the tank. - The vessels stability book may provide tables to
assist with the calculation
7How much fuel is on board?
- Sound each fuel tank
- For each tank calculate fuel remaining using
tables if required. - Add up each tank
- Fill tanks in sequence per stability requirements
8Glossary
- Flash Point
- The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives
off sufficient gas to forma flammable gas mixture
near the surface of the liquid. - Self ignition point. Auto-ignition
- The temperature at which a liquid/gas ignites
without ignition by a spark or flame - Flammable Range
- The range of hydrocarbon gas concentrations in
air between the lower and upper flammable
(explosive) limits. Mixtures within this range
are capable of being ignited and of burning.
9Physical Properties of Fuel
- Diesel
- Flash point 72C to 80C
- Specific Gravity 0.8
- Self ignition point 350C
- Flammable Range ?? to ??
- Petrol
- Flash point -40C
- Specific Gravity 0.??
- Self ignition point 390C
- Flammable Range 1.4 to 7.6
10Causes of explosions
- Ignition while refuelling
- Smoking, radio transmission, static (filler not
earthed) - Overfilling - Fuel in bilges
- Leaks, cracks splits in fuel lines (HMAS
Westralia, Jetcats) - Poor ventilation
- Hot work
11Hazards and Controls
- Fire Explosion
- Remove ignition sources. Take precautions
against static electricity - Ventilate
- Have fire fighting equipment ready
- Spillage
- Monitor tank levels, breathers and filler
- Plug scuppers etc.
- Have spill control equipment ready
- Skin and Eye irritation
- Wear PPE eye/face, gloves, overalls, boots
12Planning
- Procedures and checklists ready
- MSDS and SMS reviewed
- Crew trained
- Remaining capacity in each tank known and
stability info available - Spill control, fire control and personal
equipment ready - Bookings and notifications made
- Communication ready and tested
13Refuelling Procedure Plan
- Notify authorities if required
- Ensure vessel securely moored
- Locate emergency shut off
- Stop engines and machinery
- Shut off all sources of ignition (LPR,
Electrical, Radio, Mobile phones, Hot Work etc) - Eliminate smoking and naked flames
- Set safety zone and place signage
- Display Code flag B
- Foam or dry chemical extinguishers ready
14ULP MSDS
15Marine Diesel MSDS
16Refuelling Procedure Prepare
- Close and tag tank transfer valves
- Seal off scuppers etc. to contain any spill.
Buckets under breathers. - All personnel ashore and ship closed up
- Pollution prevention equipment (Absorbents) ready
- Inspect lines and pipes for leaks
17Refuelling Procedure - Perform
- Check tank correct dont put ULP in Diesel tank
or Diesel in the water tank - Earth filler
- Ensure filling point, tank gauges and shut off
attended at all times - Monitor tank levels
- Container ready to catch spillage
- Clean up and render safe
- Ventilate all lower compartments and engine room
- Add anti-biological additive per instruction
- Check bilge before starting engine
- Check required tank transfer valves and fuel
cocks open
18NSCV part E
- The refuelling procedure should address the
following - a) Person in charge.
- b) Communications procedures from fuel deliverer
to the vessel. - c) Testing of communication procedures prior to
fuelling. - d) Precautions to prevent spillage of fuel
overboard. - e) Emergency shut down procedures for the
fuelling - f) Testing of emergency shut down procedures
prior to fuelling. - g) Monitoring of fuel hoses and fuel tank levels
during fuelling. - h) Clean-up procedures for fuel spilled on deck.
- i) Measurement and recording of fuel in tanks
before and after taking on fuel. - j) Essential safety rules such as no smoking is
permitted on the vessel or in its immediate
vicinity during bunkering.
19NSCV part E
- k) Identify and observe safety requirements of
the port/harbour authority, the fuel supplier and
or berth operator. - l) Procedures in the event of spillage. These
could include - i) Stop the flow of fuel or pollution to the sea.
- ii) Inform personnel and vessels in the immediate
vicinity that a spill has occurred and a fire
hazard may exist. - iii) Establish a zone wherein a fire watch can be
maintained and fire-igniting activities
prevented. - iv) Inform the harbour authority and or berth
operator to enable them to initiate the
appropriate response. - v) Minimise the effect and spread of the
spillage. - vi) Dispersants should not be used without the
permission of the harbour authority. - vii) Record all spillage, and the action taken
with their times.
20Conditions Change- What now?
- Communication break down stop refuelling
- Wash from other vessels postpone refuelling
- Noise from breather changes stop refuelling
- Fuel discharge from breather stop refuelling
commence spill response - Filler cuts out before expected check
calculations while waiting for any air block to
clear
21Fuel Spill response
- Position yourself upwind of spill or containers.
- Leave the area if you are aware of leaks, stains,
vapour, odour, etc. - Do not smoke or allow others to smoke near the
spill or containers. - Contain spill and distribute absorbents
- Ring the relevant NSW Port Corporation
22(No Transcript)
23Internal inspection of fuel tank
- Enclosed space procedure
- Gas free preparation
24Enclosed space escape procedure
- NSCV Part E
- procedure should address the following
- a) Identify spaces that could be considered
.enclosed. both in operational and maintenance
conditions and during periods where the vessel
may have been laid up. - b) Identify and address hazards with fumes and/or
explosions from working with paint, chemicals,
cleaners etc below deck. - c) Approval process for entry into enclosed
spaces. - d) Safety precautions required in enclosed
spaces. - e) Provision of appropriate safety equipment.
- f) Appropriate supervision at all stages and
particularly when persons are in the enclosed
space. - g) Training so that the crew are aware of the
identity of enclosed spaces, dangers of enclosed
spaces, precautions and approvals before
entering, procedures for entering and working in
those spaces and rescue techniques. - h) Training in rescue situations with and without
external medical and rescue back up.
25Impact on stability
- Loading fuel to tanks below the centre of gravity
may improve stability - Loading fuel to tanks above the centre of gravity
may reduce stability - Unloading fuel from tanks below the centre of
gravity may reduce stability - Unloading fuel from tanks above the centre of
gravity may improve stability - Loading fuel to press up a tank and reduce free
surface effect may improve stability.
26Safety Equipment
- PPE
- Eye/Face protection, Gloves, Boots, overalls
- Fire extinguishers and hoses
- Plugs for scuppers
- Tags
- Checklists
- Absorbents and containers
- Rags and containers
- Communication equipment
27Checklists and Training
- Planning and Preparation
- Crew and shore personnel functions during
refuelling evolution - Refuelling Checklist agreed with shore
personnel - Post refuelling checklist
- Spill response procedure
28Communication
- Clear unambiguous signals and phrases for each
step - Pumps on
- Pump
- Stop
- Emergency stop and pumps off
- Test communication prior to commencement of
transfer
29Spill Response Equipment
- PPE
- Rags and buckets
- Absorbent pads
- Bulk absorbent
- Booms
- Skimmers
- Incident report forms
30Safety Boundary
- Larger the vessel larger the exclusion area
- Tankers say 400m
- Marina say 50m
- Absolutely no ignition sources within safety
boundary this means no smoking, lighters, no
mobile phones no radios, no fans etc.
31Spill Response
- Emergency Stop valves and pumps
- Notify everyone in the safety zone
- Close safety zone
- Take fire precautions
- Notify authorities (Harbour Control)
- Contain and clean up
- Do not use dispersants unless advised by
authorities
32Training Record
- New crew
- New master
- New shore facility
- New vessel for transfer
- Regular drills
33Regulations Pollution Prevention
- International Standard MARPOL
- Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans
- Federal - Protection of the Sea (Prevention of
Pollution from Ships) (Orders) Regulations - Federal Marine Orders Part 91
- NSW - Marine Pollution Act 1987
- NSW Passenger Transport Safety Act
- Safety Management System
34Regulations Spill Response
- International Convention on Oil Pollution
Preparedness, Response and Co-operation 1990
(OPRC 90) - International Convention on the Establishment of
an International Fund for Compensation for Oil
Pollution Damage 1992 - The International Convention on Civil Liability
for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001
35Refuelling fuel transfer for a 10 35m
commercial vessel
36Refuelling Procedure Plan
- Notify authorities if required
- Ensure vessel securely moored
- Locate emergency shut off
- Stop engines and machinery
- Shut off all sources of ignition (LPR,
Electrical, Radio, Mobile phones, Hot Work etc) - Eliminate smoking and naked flames
- Set safety zone and place signage
- Display Code flag B
- Foam or dry chemical extinguishers ready
37Refuelling Procedure Prepare
- Close and tag tank transfer valves
- Seal off scuppers etc. to contain any spill.
Buckets under breathers. - All personnel ashore and ship closed up
- Pollution prevention equipment (Absorbents) ready
- Inspect lines and pipes for leaks
38Refuelling Procedure - Perform
- Earth filler
- Ensure filling point, tank gauges and shut off
attended at all times - Monitor tank levels
- Container ready to catch spillage
- Clean up and render safe
- Ventilate all lower compartments and engine room
- Check bilge before starting engine
- Check required tank transfer valves and fuel
cocks open
39Spill Response
- Emergency Stop valves and pumps
- Notify everyone in the safety zone
- Close safety zone
- Take fire precautions
- Notify authorities (Harbour Control)
- Contain and clean up
- Do not use dispersants unless advised by
authorities
40Fire Response
- Emergency Stop valves and pumps
- Raise alarm
- Size up
- Notify authorities (Harbour Control, Mayday, 000)
- Contain and extinguish (foam, dry chemical)
- Isolate high voltage before using hoses on spray
- Mop up
- Report