Early Modern England

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Early Modern England
Title page from Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes
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Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy and Parliamentary Crisis the Stuarts James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649) The Protectorate (1649-1660) Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1688)
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The Stuarts
James I (1603-1625)
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
James I was less skillful, politically, than Elizabeth he stubbornly insisted on the concept of absolute, divine right monarchy, but his royal power was undermined by faction, corruption and the growing economic power of the merchant class
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The Stuarts
Charles I (1625-1649)
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament Parliament refused to raise taxes without redress of grievances, so Charles dissolved Parliament again
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament Parliament refused to raise taxes without redress of grievances, so Charles dissolved Parliament again Parliament refused to dissolve, and instead formed an army and engaged in Civil War
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Early Modern England
The Beheading of Charles I (1649), Anonymous
Dutch Engraving
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The Protectorate
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (1649-1658)
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The Protectorate

In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed
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The Protectorate

In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed Under the protectorate, during the interregnum, England didnt have a King Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector
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The Protectorate

In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed Under the protectorate, during the interregnum, England didnt have a King Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector In effect, Cromwell was a military dictator
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The Stuarts
Charles II (1660-1685)
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers Merchant class had more political power
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers Merchant class had more political power Political partiesTories and Whigs emerged at this time
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The Stuarts
James II (1685-1688)
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies James was deposed in 1688 in the Glorious Revolution
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Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies James was deposed in 1688 in the Glorious Revolution He was replaced not by his Catholic son, Prince James, but by his protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William
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The Stuarts
William and Mary (1689-1702)