Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

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Chapter 12 Cell Cycle & Mitosis Review This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a _____ Cell division in bacterial cells is called ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 12 Cell Cycle

1
Chapter 12Cell Cycle MitosisReview
2

This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies
together is called a ______________________

centromere
The phase of the cell cycle in which cells stop
dividing all together.
G0
3

Cell division in bacterial cells is called
_______________________

Binary fission
Phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is copied
S (synthesis)
4

The proteins whose concentration fluctuates in
cells and bind with cyclin-dependent kinases
(CdKs) to control the cell cycle

cyclins
Phase of the cell cycle in which the nuclear
membrane is presentand DNA is spread out into
chromatin.
interphase
5

Type of cell division in eukaryoticcells that
results in 2 identical diploiddaughter cells.

mitosis
List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with
prophase.
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis
6

Phase of mitosis that followsanaphase

telophase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G2
Mitosis (prophase)
7

This network of fibersthat attach and pullthe
chromosomesapart is called the
mitotic ______________

spindle
This cell is in__________________
prophase
8

G1, S, and G2 make up this phaseof the cell
cycle.

interphase
Area near the nucleus that contains the
centrioles and helps to organize spindle
formation ______________
centrosome
9

The place in the cell membrane of an animal cell
that pinches in during cytokinesis is called a
____________________

cleavage furrow
Plant cells cant pinch to divide, instead they
form a _______________ to divide.
cell plate
10

This phase of thecell cycle is______________

anaphase
Part of interphase in which thecell grows to
mature size and carries out its job.
G1
11

Phase of mitosis that followsprophase

prometaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows S
G2
12

This phase of the
cell cycle is
________________

metaphase
Phase of the cell cycle cells spend most of their
time in.
G1 of interphase
13

Disorder in which body cells lose their ability
to control cell division

cancer
One of 2 identical armsthat make up a chromosome
chromatid
14

DNA that is all spread out inan interphase
nucleus is called________________

chromatin
Phase of mitosis in which thenuclear membrane
and nucleolusdisappear and the DNA scrunches
into chromosomes.
prophase
15

In this part of interphase following S cells
make the molecules and organelles needed for cell
division

G2
The 2 copies of each chromosomeare called
______________ chromosomes because are the same
size, same shape, and carry genes for thesame
traits.
homologous
16

These structuresat the poles whichattach to
the spindle fibers and pull the chromosomes.

centrioles
The cell above is in ______phase
meta
17

When chromatin scrunches together it is called a
_________________

chromosome
One of 2 identical armsthat make up a chromosome
chromatid
18

Phase of mitosis that followsmetaphase

anaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G1
S
19

This cell is in___________

anaphase
Phase of cell division in whichthe nuclear
membrane returns andchromosomes spread out into
chromatin.
telophase
20

__________________________________ are enzymes
that give the go ahead signals for cell division
which
are present in cells in inactive forms until they
bind
with a cyclin.
A ________________ is a critical control point
where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the
cell cycle.
Name the phenomenon in which crowded cells stop
dividing due to availability of growth factors
and nutrients.

Cyclin dependent kinases (CdKs)
checkpoint
Density dependent inhibition
21

This cell is in__________

telophase
The cell above is a _________ cell.
animal plant
Plant You can see the cell plate forming in
center insteadof a cleavage furrow.
22

Phase of mitosis in which chromatids separate and
move to oppositeends of the cell.

anaphase
The very first dividing phase is_______________
prophase
23

Phase of the cell cycle where cells spend most of
their time. They grow bigger and they do their
jobas body cells.

G1
List the phases of mitosis in orderstarting with
interphase
Interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
24

This is called a ______________

Cleavage furrow
This cell is _____________ cell. an
animal a plant
an animalPlants dont have cleavage furrows.
25
Prophase (P) Metaphase (M) Anaphase (A)
Telophase (T) Interphase (I)
INTERPHASE

________________ DNA is all spread out as
chromatin and nuclear membrane is visible
________________ DNA scrunches up and
chromosomes are first visible
________________ Made up of G1, S, G2
________________ Chromosomes line up in middle
of cell

PROPHASE
INTERPHASE
METAPHASE
26
Prophase (P) Metaphase (M) Anaphase (A)
Telophase (T) Interphase (I)

_______________ DNA is copied and cell prepares
to divide
_______________ Chromatid arms separate and move
to opposite ends of the cell
_______________ Chromosomes unwind into chromatin
nucleus returns
_______________ Nuclear membrane nucleolus
disappear

INTERPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
PROPHASE
27
Prophase (P) Metaphase (M) Anaphase (A)
Telophase (T) Interphase (I)
TELOPHASE

__________________ Two nuclei are visible
__________________ First dividing phase
___________________ Centrosomes containing
centrioles spindle fibers appear
next to nucleus
__________________Cytoplasm is split between two
cells
_________________ Spindle fibers and centrioles
disappear

PROPHASE
PROPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
TELOPHASE
28
S G1 G2 G0 Mitosis (M) Cytokinesis (C)
G0

_______ Phase of the cell cycle most body cells
are in
_______ Cell makes a copy of its DNA
_______ Cells leave the cell cycle and stop
dividing
_______ Division of chromosomes happens

S
G0
M
29
S G1 G2 G0 Mitosis (M) Cytokinesis (C)
C

_______ Division of cytoplasm happens
_______ Follows S and cell makes the molecules
and organelles needed for cell division
_______ Made up of telophase, anaphase,
prophase, and metaphase

G2
M
30

During which stages of a cell cycle would a
chromosome consist of two identical chromatids?
Compare cytokinesis in animal cells and plant
cells.

From end of S in interphase through the end
ofmetaphase of mitosis
Campbell Concept check 12.2
Both form two identical daughter cells but
mechanism is differentAnimal cells occurs by
cleavage, which divides the parent cell in two
using a contractile ring of actinIn plant
cells a cell plate forms in the middle and grows
until its membrane fuses with the parent cell
plasma membrane A new cell wall is produced
from the cell plate
Campbell Concept check 12.2
31

Phase of mitosis where the cytoplasm is split
between two cells

CYTOKINESIS
Name the phases of the cell cycle in order
starting with G1
G1 S G2 M C
32

Type of cell division used by organisms to grow
bigger, repair injuries, and replace worn out
cells.
The center of a chromosome that holds the
chromatid arms together

mitosis
centromere
33

2 identical arms that make up a chromosome

chromatids
2 matching chromosomes that are the same size,
same shape, and carry genes for the same traits.
HOMOLOGOUS
34

Phase of mitosis in which two nuclei are visible,
the nucleus returns, spindle fibers disappear,
and DNA spreads out as chromatin

telophase
Shallow groove in an animal cellmembrane near
the old metaphase plate during cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow
35

Type of nuclear division that produces 2 diploid
daughter cells that are genetically identical to
the parent cell

mitosis
Type of division used by bacteria to reproduce
Binary fission
36

Phase in which the cytoplasm issplit between the
2 daughter cells

cytokinesis
1st phase of mitosis in which thenucleolus
disappears and centrioles and spindle fibers
appear.
prophase
37

The spread of cancer cells from the original site
to a new distant location is called
___________________
A researcher treats cells with a chemical that
prevents DNA synthesis. This treatment traps the
cells in which part of the cell cycle?
Proteins released by certain cells that stimulate
other cells to grow are called ___________________
_____.

metastasis
G1
Campbell Concept check 12.3
Growth factors
38

Disease in which body cells lose their ability to
control cell division

cancer
Repeating sequence of events that cells go
through during their lifetime
Cell cycle
39

Phase in which the nucleus divides

mitosis
Phase in which cells grow and matureand where
they spend most of their life
G1
40

Area next to the nucleus in which the
centrioles are found that organizes the formation
of the spindle

centrosomes
Phase in which the nuclear membranedisappears
and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores
prometaphase
41

Phase in which the chromosomesline up in the
middle of the cell

metaphase
Phase after S in which cells make the molecules
and organelles needed forcell division
G2
42

Phase in which the DNA is copied

S or SYNTHESIS
Phase in which cells leave the cycle and stop
dividing all together
G0
43

Phase in which chromatids separate and move to
opposite ends of the cell

anaphase
Arrangement of microtubules whichlink the
kinetochores and centrioles and pull the
chromosomes apart during cell division
Mitotic Spindle
44

What is the go-ahead signal for a cell to pass
the G2 phase checkpoint and enter mitosis (see
the figure below)

MPFis the signal to entermitosis
Campbell Concept check 12.3
45

Dividing wall that forms during cytokinesis in a
plant cell to separate the 2 daughter cells

Cell plate
DNA that is spread out in the nucleusof a
non-dividing cell
chromatin
46
Somatic

__________________ cells or body cells have 2
copies of each chromosome.
A cells genetic information is called its
_____________
Reproductive cells like sperm and eggs which have
one copy of each chomosome are called
_______________ or germ cells.

genome
gametes
47

A cell takes the longest time going through
_______________.
A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase
F. interphase

interphase
48

Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series
of fivecell divisions would produce an early
embryo with
how many cells?
How many chromatids are in a duplicated
chromosome?

32 cells
Campbell Concept check 12.1
2
Campbell Concept check 12.1
49

A chicken has 78 chromosomes in its somatic
cells
how many did the chicken inherit from each
parent?
How many chromosomes are in each of the chickens
gametes?
How many chromosomes will be in each somatic
cellof the chickens offspring?
How many chromosomes are in a set?

39 from each parent
39
78
39
Campbell Concept check 12.1
50

How many chromosomes are shown in the figure at
the right?
How many chromatids?

4
8
Campbell Concept check 12.2
51

What is the function of non-kinetochore
microtubules?
Identify three similarities between bacterial
chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes,
considering both structure and behavior during
cell division.

Elongate cell during anaphase
Campbell Concept check 12.2
µ
Each consists of a single molecule of DNA with
attached proteins During cell division the two
copies actively move apart After
cell division, one copy ends up in each daughter
cell
Campbell Concept check 12.2
52

Which of the following does NOT occur during
mitosis?
A. condensation of the chromosomes
B. replication of DNA C. separation of
sister chromatids
D. spindle formation
E. separation of the centrosomes

B happens in interphase (S)
Campbell Self-Quiz
53

In the light micrograph below dividing cells near
the tip of an onion root, identify a cell in each
of the following stages
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase

Campbell Self-Quiz
54

In some organisms, mitosis occurs without
cytokinesis occurring. This will result in
A. cells with more than one nucleus
B. cells that are unusually small C. cells
lacking nuclei
D. destruction of chromosomes
E. cell cycles lacking S phase

A
Campbell Self-Quiz
55

The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of
actin.
Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle
would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B?
A. spindle formation
B. spindle attachment to kinetochores C. DNA
synthesis
D. cell elongation during anaphase
E. cleavage furrow formation

µ
E
Campbell Self-Quiz
56

The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis
is caused by
A. the destruction of the protein kinase (CdK)
B. decreased synthesis of cyclin
C. the degradation of cyclin
D. synthesis of DNA
E. an increase in the cells volume to genome
ratio

C
Campbell Self-Quiz
57

A particular cell has half as much DNA as some of
the other cells in a mitotically active tissue.
The cell in question is most likely in
A. G1
B. G2 C. prophase
D. metaphase
E. anaphase

A
Campbell Self-Quiz
58

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal
cellis that
A. the cancer cell is unable to synthesis DNA
B. the cell cycle of the cancer cell is
arrested in S phase C. cancer cells continue to
divide even when they are tightly packed
together
D. cancer cells cannot function properly
because they suffer from density-dependent
inhibition
E. cancer cells are always in the M phase of
the cell cycle

C
Campbell Self-Quiz
59

Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug
used
to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the
assembly
of microtubules its effectiveness must be related
to
A. disruption of mitotic spindle formation
B. inhibition of regulatory proteins
phosphorylation C. suppression of cyclin
production
D. myosin denaturation and inhibition of
cleavage furrow formation
E. inhibition of DNA synthesis

A
Campbell Self-Quiz
60

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate
beginning to develop across the middle of the
cell and nuclei re-forming on either side of the
cell plate. This cell is most likely
A. an animal cell in the process of
cytokinesis
B. a plant cell in the process of
cytokinesis C. An animal cell in the S phase
of the cell cycle
D. a bacterial cell dividing
E. a plant cell in metaphase

B
Campbell Self-Quiz
61

Increases in the enzymatic activity of some
protein kinases important for the regulation of
the cell cycle are due to
A. kinase synthesis by ribosomes
B. activation of inactive kinases by binding
cyclins C. conversion of inactive cyclins to
active kinases by
means of phosphorylation
D. cleavage of the inactive kinase molecules by
cytoplasmic proteases
E. a decline in external growth factors to a
concentration
below the inhibitory threshold