Music today: The Ventures, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Music today: The Ventures,

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Music today: The Ventures, Hawaii Five-O Reminder: 1st Midterm Exam next Wednesday (April 20) In class, closed book 70% multiple choice; 30% short essay – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Music today: The Ventures,


1
Music today The Ventures, Hawaii Five-O
  • Reminder 1st Midterm Exam next Wednesday (April
    20)
  • In class, closed book
  • 70 multiple choice 30 short essay
  • Study Guide is up on website

2
Lecture 8 Hotspots, Plumes and LIPs (Large
Igneous Provinces)
  • Is Hawaii more than a good vacation spot?
  • How does life respond to catastrophes?

3
Plate Tectonics - Distribution of Volcanic and
Earthquake Activity
4
Wilson Cycle (ofocean basin fm)
  • Examples
  • 1. East African Rifts
  • 2. Red Sea
  • 3. Atlantic Ocean
  • 4. Pacific Ocean
  • 5. Mediterranean Sea
  • 6. Himalayas, Tibet

5
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6
The Hawaiian Hotspot
7
Tahiti -- shield volcano
8
Moorea -- fringing reef
9
Raiatea - barrier reef
10
Bora Bora -- lagoon
11
Maupiti -- the oldest volcanonext stage is the
coral atoll
12
French Polynesia from space
  • atoll

fringing reef
barrier reef
13
Hotspot Volcanic Chains
14
Questions
  • Where do Hotspots come from?
  • How do Hotspots start?
  • How long do they last?

15
Indian Ocean
  • Hotspot tracks and 3 spreading ridges
  • A complete record of hotspot activity

16
JOIDES Resolution drillship
17
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18
Western India
  • An accumulation of lava flows 3 miles thick!
  • Occurred at the same time as the dinosaurs
    extinction

19
Mass Extinction(K-T Boundary)
  • What killed the Dinosaurs?
  • 65 million yr ago
  • A meteorite, or volcanic activity, or BOTH?

20
Impact Site Yucatan Peninsula
21
Volcanic catastrophes and Mass Extinctions
22
Greenland
  • Birth of the Iceland hotspot
  • Next came the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
    basin

23
Global Distribution of LIPs
24
Large Igneous Provinces are
  • BIG!!
  • NOT explained by Plate Tectonics
  • Initial Plume and Hotspot Activity

25
A Mantle Plume
  • A blob of warm material rising from the lower
    mantle
  • Solid but flowing at slow rate (lt1 m/yr)

26
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27
Degassing Magma
  • Gases include CO2, SO2, Cl, F that make acid
    rain
  • Shuts down photosynthesis

28
Hydrothermal Exchange - Metals
29
Effects of Submarine Plateaus
  • Release of reduced metals uses up oxygen in the
    oceans
  • Trace metals are nutrients, so promote rapid
    growth of plankton
  • Sinking organic matter also uses up oxygen in the
    oceans
  • Extinctions of marine organisms

30
Two Styles of Mantle Convection
31
Evolution of Life
  • Where there is chaos there is opportunity
  • Extinctions lead to new ecosystems
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