WELCOME TO TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS: TRANSACTIONS

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WELCOME TO TRANSACTIONALANALYSISTRANSACTIONS

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INTRODUCTION

• Transactional analysis is about understanding our
  own and others behavior. Why we feel the way we
  do about ourselves and about others, and why
  others feel the way they do about themselves and
  about us.
• Transactional analysis is an endeavor to
  penetrate into other, mentally, in order to
  discover what motive lies underneath the words
  said, expressions and gestures demonstrated and
  responses we get, thus feedback to our
  communication

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DEFINITIONS
Depending to which school of thought you and i
belong to, transactional analysis and
transactions as terms have diverse
definitions. According to Doctor Eric Berne, he
defines transactional analysis as a method of
examining the transaction wherein I do
something to you and you do something back He
also defines transaction as an atom is to physics
just like bacteria is to medicine thus a
transaction process comprises a stimulus and a
response. Another scholar, Thomas Harris defines
it as an interplay of self-awareness,
personality and perception of implications of
feelings, motives and ultimately actions.
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SELF AWARENESS

• Self-awareness means having an idea of what we
  know about ourselves and the personalities that
  we are.
• Personality can be defined as a set of stable
  characteristics of a person
• In this we examine our behavior. Behavior is how
  we express our feelings and motivations in
  actions.
• The understanding of these interpersonal
  relations and social intercourse that goes with
  these actions is intended to make us better
  performers in our jobs and promote harmony in the
  workplace as it is through these actions of
  behavior that observable transaction takes place.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRANSACTIONS

• The most commonly used method of classifying
  transactions is by
• - Open transactions These are usually continuous
  and on going.
• - Blocked transactions These are usually closed
  off or diverted.
• -Ulterior These are hidden or disguised.
• Any transactions we involve ourselves in can be
  traced to one of the above classifications.

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The Information Box

• The self Awareness Box

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Interpretation

• Box No.1
• That a large percentage of me is open to all
  those around me-home and work and everywhere.
• I let others know
• I am interactive/affable/dont fear going out
• I am welcoming
• I am a good team player
• I have no problem with my supervisors nor
  colleagues.

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Box No 2The Blind Self

• This is information that is not known to me but
  is known to others .
• What people actually say you are.

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Box No 3The Hidden Self

• This is privileged information
• Information you are not comfortable disclosing
  to others.
• The secrets may be personal,etc

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Box No.4 .

• The Unknown Self
• This is what you do not know
• This gap can be improved on by attending
  seminars, further studies and further training.
  It also goes into acquisition of other skills
  (multi-skilling)

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Pictorial Presentation

• The assumed presentation .
• This would mean that
• GY-blind-10 (1)
• GN-hidden10 (2)
• BU-unknown-10 ( 3)
• L.GY-open-70 (4)

QNIf people were open /transparent this much
,then why the rubs? Why do we have conflicts?
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The Ideal Presentation

• A genuine attempt should be made so as to have
  an improving open self that would eventually
  allow a bigger age of self, reduced hidden,
  reduced unknown,and a diminishing blind self.

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Relevance to work situation

• Discussion question
• Can you identify any
• Such staff who fall in any of the categories
  discussed
• What is /are the effects of staff who are the
  contrary
• Cant stand criticism
• Have a lot of hidden/blind
• What is the effect on team/productivity?

• Expectations from organisation/employer
• Cooperation
• Team work
• Team spirit
• Generosity
• Goodwill
• Common character
• Common identity/sense of belonging

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Points to note

• Sensitivity to ones positioning
• Sensitivity to levels of disclosure
• Sensitivity and flexibility to change
• Be positive to criticism and offer the same
  constructively

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Food for thought

• Reflect on the cobweb
• All strands are vital independently and to the
  whole unit,and so are the jobs we do.

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Points Of scrutiny

• What is your awareness level so as to increase or
  decrease or need some adjustment
• Know yourself sincerely
• Determine to change
• Only after this will you be in position to do
  these other things

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Guidelines for self disclosure

1. Is the other person important to you?
2. Is the risk of disclosure reasonable?
3. Are the amount and type of disclosure important?
4. Is the disclosure reciprocated?
5. Will the effect be constructive?
6. Is the self disclosure clear and understandable?

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It is very important to express your thoughts and
feelings explicitly.Do not use words with double
meaning
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Summary what is TA

• These are applicable working definitions
• It is the knowing of ones self so as to improve
  ourselves more.
• I.e we must be prepared to receive inputs about
  ourselvesboth positive and negative

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Definition 2

• T.A helps in interpersonal relationships
• (advocates for openness hence one should be able
  to listen more)

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Definition 3

• The term TA develops from the concept that each
  communication between people is a transaction it
  is how you are able to communicate
• Realize other forms of communication
• (e.g. nodding,smiling etcetc) so as to enhance
  relationship in organisation.

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Definition 4

• TA is a technique for analysis human behavior and
  interpersonal communication relationships
• (Explain the term Interpersonal)

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Definition 5

• It is a system of understanding and analysis
  relationship
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• What is our relationship with other people?
• How do they see us?
• How do we behave?
• Does our image enhance our image/ the
  organisation to grow/perform better?

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continuation

• What relationships will improve our performance
  therefore.
• In TA as much as possible be positive and sincere
  to your self and others.

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PERSONALITY

• Working definition 1
• Personality is analyzed as the projection of
  ourselves to others
• How you behave to others
• How you appear before people
• How you react to people

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Definition 2

• It is not what we think ourselves to be but
  ourselves as others see us
• E.g if someone thinks you are mean and you are
  totally unaware
• Learn to listen that is when you are able to
  know more about ourselves.

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Definition 3

• It is the state of existing as a particular
  person
• That is what type of person you are.
• Personalities keep changing
• e.g able to listen in the morning cheerfully
• and nasty in the afternoon.

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Definition 4

• Personality is the product of heredity and
  environment
• Key words-
• hereditypicking genes from parents down the line
  which constitutes the basic elements of what we
  shall become
• Nature-something passed over from generation to
  generation
• Examples like color of dad, mom,short people
  giants et etc

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continuation

• Environment
• The adaptation
• Opportunities
• Socio-economic factors (explain)
• The consistency
• The disposition
• So heredity forms the basic but the actualization
  of the basic is heavily influenced by
  environmental factors.

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scenarios

• 2children of the same parents
• Child A-brought up in the village
• Child B-brought up in the city
• Tendency to speak Luganda (or any other local
  language) in office, over the telephone.etcetc

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The Psychological definition

• Personality is a set of characteristics and
  tendencies that determine the similarities and
  differences in the behavior of people which
  behavior must have continuity in time and which
  behavior has no direct or immediate bearing to
  the pressures and /or immediate bearing to the
  circumstances of the time..

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Point of scrutiny

• The projection of self to others must be over
  time.the behavior that is consistent
• E.g if you are harsh, you must have been harsh
  over a given long time. This personality trait
  must have a continuity in time and must not be
  explainable,developed and portrayed consistently
  by the social and psychological pressure of that
  moment.

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Examples

• A conditioning not to cry in hard conditions as
  opposed to crying at the mere raise of a stick
• The queer absence of emotion at a burial and a
  show of rare resilience e.g singing, clapping etc

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Tendency

• Is a process which determines the direction.
  Tendency is
• a habit
• fond of doing
• A usual happeningyou dont do something once.
• The common element is time

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PERSONALTY FORMATION

• Determined by
• environment
• admiring
• values and norms
• interaction
• culture
• talents
• All these are part of environ

• QUESTION
• How is personality formed (same as)
• What are the determinants of personality?

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continuation

• The environment gives opportunity to develop into
  a particular personality.It gives the means to
  actualize personality
• So, part of who we are is hereditary but
  actualized by environment

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PERSONALITIES

• There are 3 Levels of psychological existence
  (that is 3 types of personalities.)These are
  called the 3 EGO STATES or levels which determine
  our personalities.personality is a product of
  heredity environment acquired from 0 years to 5
  years.
• The environment plays a very key role as shown
  below

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Pictorial Presentation

• The 3 ego states

• Everybody has all the 3 states (child,teenagers
  and elderly.)It has nothing to do with
  chronological age . They are levels of existence.

Parent
Adult
Child
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The Parent Personality

• Characteristics
• Judgemental
• Biased/ not objective
• Strict
• Prejudiced
• Critical
• P.s Norms of society must be followed e.g kneeling

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Parent is divided further into 2 modes

• The critical Parent personality
• The punishing personality
• A critical parent is very often a punishing one.

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B) The nurturing parent

• Characteristics
• Very caring
• Not prejudiced/perhaps v.compromising
• Loving
• Sympathetic / kind
• Forgiving,sometimes too forgiving etcetc

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Discussion Questions

• Find out the consequences of a critical
  boss/supervisor/colleague
• Find out those of a heavily nurturing
• supervisor/boss/colleague

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Adult Personality

• Aims to minimize conflict
• Operates at his best/ very rational
• Guided by reason and intellect
• Gathers, analyses compares data (facts)
• Carries out research.Engages in the 5Ws
  (what,when,who,where how)
• He consults (horizontally,vertically and support
  staff)
• Arrives at logical conclusions

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More explanation

• Here we are talking about the height of
  rationality.the decision taken is the most
  rational in the prevailing circumstances.this
  therefore minimizes conflict.

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The child Personality

• This mode is divided into 3 levels