Chapter 5: Classical Conditioning: Underlying Processes

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Chapter 5Classical ConditioningUnderlying
Processes

• S-S vs S-R Learning
• Theoretical Explanations

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vw3sgR12ZSh8
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Two Models of Learning S-R model
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S-R LearningSecond-Order Conditioning

No bar pressing
After extinction of light
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Theoretical Explanations

• Stimulus-Substitution Theory
• CS acts as a substitute for US

food center
salivation center
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Sign Tracking
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Situation where Stimulus-Substitution does not
explain events
Jump (UR)
Freeze (CR)
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Theoretical Explanations

• Preparatory-Response Theory
• CS tells organism to get ready for US

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Two Models of Learning S-S model
US
CS
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S-S LearningBlocking
US and CS associated
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S-S LearningUS Revaluation
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Two Models of Learning
S-R model
S-S model
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Homeostatic Systems
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Theoretical ExplanationsPreparatory-Response
Theory Compensatory-Response Model

• Unconditioned response to shock
• Shock ? increased heart rate
• US UR
• First few pairings
• ToneShock ? increased heart rate
• NS US UR
• Tone ? increased heart rate
• CS CR
• After repeated pairings
• ToneShock ? increased heart rate
• NS US UR
• Tone ? decreased heart rate
• CS CR

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Drug Addiction

• Heroin-related cues Heroin ? Decreased blood
  pressure
• NS US UR
• Heroin-related cues ? Increased blood pressure
• CS UR
• Heroin ? Decreased blood pressure ? Increased
  blood pressure
• a-process b-process
• US UR/US UR

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Drug Addiction

• Heroin-related cues Relaxing effect ? Tension
• a-process b-process
• NS US UR
• Heroin-related cues ? tension
• CS CR

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Drug Tolerance
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TheoriesWhat causes the learning?

• Stimulus-Substitution Theory
• CS acts as a substitute for US
• Preparatory-Response Theory
• CS tells organism to get ready for US
• Compensatory-Response Model

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Rescorla-Wagner Model

• Proposes that the US has a limited amount of
  associative value, and that this value is
  distributed among the available CSs

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Examples

• 1. Tone (V0) Food (Max10) ? 10 drops of saliva
• Tone (V10)? 10 drops of saliva

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Examples

• 2. Loud Tone Dim Light (V0) Food (Max10)?
  10 drops of saliva
• Loud Tone (V9) ? 9 drops of saliva
• Dim Light (V1) ? 1 drops of saliva

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Examples

• 3. Tone (V10) Light (V0) Food (Max10)?
  10 drops of saliva
• Tone (V10) ? 10 drops of saliva
• Light (V0) ? 0 drops of saliva