?????(Aristotle)????(Dscartes)???(Locke) ???(Rousseau) ?

1

• ????????

????????????? ??
2
??

• ?????(Aristotle)????(Dscartes)???(Locke)
  ???(Rousseau) ?
• ???????????
• ??????????????

3
??????

• ??????(????)Ivan Pavlov ?John Brooadus Watson
• ????????(????)Edward Thorndike(???????)
• ????????(????)B. Federick Skinner

4
Ivan Pavlov

• ????????Ivan Pavlov (???)????????????,??????????(c
  lassical conditioning)?? ??????(conditioned
  reflex)????

5
John Brooadus Watson

• ????????John Brooadus Watson (1878-1958) ?
• ??????????,??????????????

6
Edward Thorndike_1

• ???(Edward Thorndike)???????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????????

7
Edward Thorndike_2

• ???????????(Laws of learning)
• ???(the law of exercise)??????????
• ???( the law of readiness)??????????
• ???(the law of effect)??????????????????
• ??????????,????,???

8
B. Federick Skinner-1

• B. Federick Skinner?????????????????,????????????
  ?

9
B. Federick Skinner-2

• 1. Skinner1904????,?????????
• 2. ????
• (1)??????(Pavlov)?????(classical
  conditioning)??
• ????-gt??-gt????,
• ???????
• (2)??????(operant conditioning)??
• ????-gt????-gt??
• ?????????

10
B. Federick Skinner-3

• 3.????
• (1)????? ????????
• (2)????? ????????
• (3)???? ??????(reinforcer)?
  ?????????

11
B. Federick Skinner-4

• 4.????(Teaching technology)
• ??????????,?????????(Skinner, 1954)
• (1)??????????
• (2)?????????
• (3)????????
• (4)????????????

12
B. Federick Skinner-5

• 5.???????(Programmed instruction)
• (1)??
• a.???????????,????????
• b.??????????????
• c.??????????
• d.?????????????

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(No Transcript)
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B. Federick Skinner-6

• 5.???????(Programmed instruction)
• (2)??
• a.????????,??????????
• b.??????,?????????
• c.?????????????
• d.????????????
• e.??????????????

15
B. Federick Skinner-7

• 5.???????(Programmed instruction)
• (3)??
• a.?????,???????
• b.???????,????????
• c.????????
• d.?????,????????

16
?????????????(????(operant conditioning)?? )

• 1. ?????
• ???
• ??????
• ????????
• ??????,?????????
• ??????
• ??????????
• ??????,??????????
• 2. ?????
• ???????????(time out)?
• 3. ???(token economy system)

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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?????????

• ?????????(Keller)
• ???????(John B. Carroll)????(Benjamin S. Bloom)

20
????????????????

• ???????(Personalized System of Instruction,??PSI)?
  ?????(Keller),????????????
• 1.??????90????,????????? ???90?
• 2.???????????????????
• 3.??????????????75???25?
• 4.????????????
• 5.???????????????
• 6.??????????,?????????
• 7.????????????????

21
?????????????

• ????(mastery teaching)???????????????(mastery
  learning)????????????????????????(John B.
  Carroll)?
• ???(Benjamin S. Bloom)????????

22
??????(Carroll)

• ????
• ????? f

(1)?????(2)??(????????)
(3) ?????(??)(4)?????(5)???????

• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ??????????

23
??????????

• ?????????????????
• ???????--????????
• ????????--????????????????

24
???????????????
???? ? ? ????
??????? ??????????
???? ?????
??????? ????? ?????
???????????
25
???????????

• ??????,???????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????,???????????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????????????,???????????
• ????????????????????????,??????????
• ??????????????????

26
???????????
? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
27
?????????_???

• ?????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ???????????????,??????
• ?????????????
• ????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????????????

28
?????????_???
29
?????

• ????????????/ ????/ ??????,??????????????????????

30

• Question?

31
UCSunconditioned stimulus(?????) UCRunconditione
d response(?????)
CSconditioned stimulus(????) CRconditioned
response(????)
32
(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
???? operant conditioning ???????????????????????
??????
????(operant conditioning)????????????????????????
???????,?????(R)?????(SD)???????????,?????????????
?????????(Srein)??
37
???????????

• ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????

38
???????????????

• ??????????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????

39
(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)