KS4 Energy resources

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KS4 Energy resources
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Sources of energy
What are the sources for most of the energy on
Earth?
3. Radioactive elements made in Supernova
explosions are another source of energy.
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Types of energy resource

• There are two types of energy resource
• ____________
• ____________

Renewable energy resources will never run out (at
least not for a very long time), or can be
regenerated. Examples W___ and S___.
ind
olar
Non-renewable energy resources will eventually
run out, once used they can not be used
again. Examples C___ and O_.
oal
il
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Energy resources
Renewable Non-renewable







Coal
Wind
Oil
Solar
Natural gas
Wave
Nuclear
Tidal
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Geothermal
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Fossil fuels
What is a fuel?
A fuel is a store of chemical energy.
What is a fossil fuel?
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed from the remains
of animals and plants over millions of years.
Name three fossil fuels 1.___________ 2._________
__ 3.___________
Oil
Natural gas
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How was coal formed?
Over time they became covered by mud and rock.
.the trees became fossilised forming coal.
Over millions of years due to high temperatures
and pressure..
Millions of years ago trees died and fell to the
bottom of swamps.
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How was oil and natural gas formed?
Over time they became covered by mud and rock.
.the plankton became oil and natural gas.
Over millions of years due to high temperatures
and pressure..
Millions of years ago plankton died and fell to
the bottom of seas and oceans.
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Burning causes pollution
The heat energy is useful, however..
Ash is a waste product which needs to be disposed.
Carbon dioxide causes the Greenhouse Effect.
Sulphur dioxide causes Acid Rain.
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Carbon dioxide
When you burn a fossil fuel what gas is formed
from the burning of carbon?
Carbon dioxide
CO2
What is the chemical formula of this compound?
What environmental problem does this gas cause us?
The Greenhouse Effect
Which renewable energy source also causes this
effect?
Biomass
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The Greenhouse Effect
The Earths atmosphere allows the Suns radiation
to enter.
But the radiation cannot easily escape as the
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflects it back
to Earth.
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Flooding
C_____ d_____ is a greenhouse gas, it lets the
Suns heat energy into the Earths a________ but
it will not let it escape. This results in the
Earth getting w_____. We call this effect the
Greenhouse Effect. G____ W____ results in the
icecaps melting which could lead to f______, the
temperature rises and the flooding could lead to
the destruction of h______.
arbon ioxide
tmosphere
armer
lobal arming
looding
abitats
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Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels containing sulphur/sodium
causes sulphur dioxide/sulphur monoxide to be
formed. This gas is released by power stations
and mixes with water/alkali in the atmosphere to
form acid rain.
What are the problems caused by acid rain?
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Acid Rain problems
What are the problems acid rain causes?
kills trees
corrodes buildings and statues
kills water life
acidifies soil
How can we reduce the problems caused by acid
rain?
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Reducing acid rain

• Sulphur dioxide causes most of the acid rain
  (sulphuric acid), but carbon dioxide when mixed
  with water in the atmosphere can cause acid rain
  (carbonic acid) as well.
• Ways to reduce Acid Rain (? or x)
• Burn less fossil fuels.
• Burn more coal.
• Use wind or solar energy.
• Fit expensive filters that remove sulphur
  dioxide.
• Use expensive coal that contains little sulphur.

?
x
?
?
?
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Fossil fuels pros and cons
Advantages Disadvantages



Non-renewable
Readily available
Acid rain
Easily transported
Greenhouse effect
Therefore cheap
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How long will they last?
Fuel How long will it last? (years)
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
25-30
About 75
About 300
Thousands
Even though nuclear fuel will last thousands of
year it will still run out eventually.
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear
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Nuclear energy
What fuels are used in nuclear power
stations? What process releases the nuclear
energy? What are the main advantages of nuclear
power?
Uranium and plutonium
Nuclear fission
A large amount of energy for a small amount of
fuel, no acid rain, no greenhouse effect, cheap
to run once built.
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What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?
Chernobyl
Expensive to build
Expensive to decommission
Radioactive waste
Links with cancer
Large amounts of water required for cooling
purposes kills water life
Non-renewable
Risk of disaster
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Fossil fuel power stations
Power stations convert c______ energy into
e______ energy.
hemical
lectrical
Name three different parts of a power
station? ________ ________ ________
turbine
boiler
generator
In what order does energy pass through a power
station?
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Parts of power station
Device Description Input energy Output energy
Boiler
Turbine
Generator
Burns fuel to change water into steam
chemical
heat
heat
kinetic
Steam turns the turbine
Turbine connected to generator makes electricity
electrical
kinetic
in the turbines
Where is most of the energy lost?
In what form is the energy lost?
heat energy
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Nuclear power stations
reactor
Nuclear power stations have an extra part _______
What are the different parts of a nuclear power
station called? _______ _______ _______
_______
turbine
boiler
generator
reactor
In what order does energy pass through a power
station?
What happens in the reactor?
Nuclear fission occurs releasing vast amounts of
energy.
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Which gas below causes acid rain?

1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Ammonia
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen

?
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What gas causes the Greenhouse Effect?

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Sulphur dioxide
4. Sulphur monoxide

?
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What is the energy change for a turbine?

1. Kinetic ? gravitational
2. Chemical ? kinetic
3. Kinetic ? electrical
4. Heat ? Kinetic

?
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Which of the following is a fuel used in nuclear
power stations?

1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Geothermal
4. Uranium

?
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Which of the following is not a problem
associated with acid rain?

1. Corrodes buildings and statues
2. Kills trees
3. Raises global temperatures
4. Kills water life

?