Ocean Commission Update

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Ocean Commission Update
2
Coastal and Ocean Governance Review for
Washington State

• Presentation to Washington State Senate
• Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean and
  Recreation
• January 31, 2005
• Marc J. Hershman
• Professor, School of Marine Affairs
• Adjunct Professor, School of Law
• University of Washington

3
An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century
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Expansion of ocean jurisdiction
The 1958 zonal approach
12 NM
Baseline
?? NM
C.Z.
T.S.
High Seas
Low Water
Continental Shelf
Thanks to Craig Allen
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Expansion of ocean jurisdiction
The modern regime
200 NM
EEZ (188 NM wide)
Internal waters
12 NM
C.Z.
12 NM
Baseline
High Seas
Uplands
T.S.
High Water
Tidelands
Low Water
Continental Shelf
Submerged Lands
Deep Seabed
Thanks to Craig Allen
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The renewal of national ocean policy
The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

• Bi-partisan panel
• Broad range of expertise
• Geographic balance

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Presidential response

• The President has 90 days to submit to Congress a
  statement of proposals to implement or respond to
  the Commissions recommendations. The Bush
  Administration Ocean Action Plan was announced
  December 17, 2004.

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Final Report Contents
The new ocean governance framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution
Ocean Value Vitality
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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education

• K-12
• Higher Ed the workforce
• Informal ed

Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution
Ocean Value Vitality
10
Education and the workforce

• Education coordination and development are key
  functions within the National Ocean Council
• Align education with workforce needs
• Develop diverse ocean-related education at all
  post-secondary levels
• Promote federal stipends for ocean-related
  education at the post-secondary level
• Encourage cross-disciplinary courses of ocean
  study

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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge

• Watersheds
• Natural hazards
• Restoration
• Shorelines
• Commerce

International role
Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution
Ocean Value Vitality
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Coastal management
Protection from natural hazards

• Address growing costs of coastal hazards and data
  needs
• Eliminate federal incentives that encourage
  inappropriate development
• Better incorporate hazard risk into federal
  project analysis
• Improve awareness of hazard risks
• Improve the National Flood Insurance Program
• Improve hazard mitigation planning

www.ecy.wa.gov
Washaway Beach, WA
www.ecy.wa.gov
Ocean Shores, WA
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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Water Quality and Pollution
Advancing our understanding

• Coastal pollution
• Monitoring
• Vessel
• pollution

• Invasive species
• Marine
• debris

Ocean Value Vitality
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Water Quality and Pollution
Addressing coastal water pollution

• Coastal waters under siege
• Managing point sources of pollution
• Managing nonpoint sources of pollution
• Managing atmospheric sources of pollution

EPA office of water
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Water Quality and Pollution

• Limiting vessel pollution and improving vessel
  safety
• Flag state oversight, port state control,
  controlling pollution, research
• Preventing the spread of invasive species
• Current approaches, major vectors, prevention,
  improving management
• Reducing marine debris
• Current efforts, derelict fishing gear, port
  reception facilities

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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Water Quality and Pollution
Advancing our understanding
Ocean Value Vitality
Fisheries Mammals Aquaculture Offshore non-living resources
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Ocean Value and Vitality
Achieving Sustainable Fisheries

• Upgrade scientific input and separate scientific
  and management decisions
• Strengthen research that supports management of
  commercial and recreational fishing
• Clarify fishery management jurisdictions and
  upgrade interstate fishery organizations
• Broaden Fishery Council membership

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Ocean Value and Vitality
Protecting Marine Mammals

• Threats to marine mammals
• Improving marine mammal protection
• Meeting research and education needs
• Applying ecosystem-based management

www.noaanews.noaa.gov
www.yoto98.noaa.gov
www.ucsc.edu
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Ocean Value and Vitality
Preserving Coral Reefs

• Coral ecosystems
• The existing management framework
• International coral reef protection
• Improving understanding of corals

FKNMS
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Marine Archaeology
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Ocean Value and Vitality
Marine aquaculture

• Challenges to expansion
• Developing and implementing national aquaculture
  policy
• Increasing the knowledge base
• International concerns and cooperation

www.photolib.noaa.gov
Offshore Pacific threadfin (Moi) pen, HI
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Ocean Value and Vitality
Connecting oceans and human health

• Links between oceans and human health
• Beneficial uses of marine-derived bio-products
• Negative health impacts of marine organisms
• Increasing federal coordination of oceans and
  human health research

www.wdfw.wa.gov
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Ocean Value and Vitality
Development of offshore energy and other mineral
resources

• Non-living resources in federal waters
• Oil and gas
• Methane hydrates
• Renewable energy
• Other marine minerals

Wave Dragon a large offshore wave energy
converter
www.wavedragon.net
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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution

• Research
• Observing systems
• Technology
• Data

Ocean Value Vitality
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Research/ Education
Monterey Bay Aquarium/ MBARI
R/V Western Flyer
ROV Tiburon
Hydrothermal vent
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Ocean Research/Observing Systems
The Neptune Project
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Final Report Contents
The new ocean policy framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy
International role
Americas Coasts Living on the Edge

• International ocean policy and science

Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution
Ocean Value Vitality
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Final Report Contents
The new ocean governance framework
Education
Coordinated and Comprehensive National
Ocean Policy

• National Council
• Regional Approach
• Offshore management
• Consolidation

Americas Coasts Living on the Edge
International role
Advancing our understanding
Water Quality and Pollution
Ocean Value Vitality
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Governance framework
The national level initiative
Executive Office of the President
Scientific and Technical Advisors
Ocean Policy Advisors (non-federal)
National Ocean Council Chair Assistant to the
President for Ocean Affairs
Committee on Ocean Resource Management
Committee on Ocean Science, Applications and
Technology
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National Ocean Council
Functions

• Develop goals for national ocean governance
• Recommend and oversee national ocean policy
• Coordinate/ integrate activities of federal ocean
  agencies
• Stimulate regional approaches to ocean management
• Identify redundancies
• Guide use of science for policy
• Support partnerships agency/NGO, private/public
• Expand agency outreach
• Assess state of nations oceans and coasts

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The regional approach
Bottom-up policy development

• Take the initiative on ocean management
• Set agenda and determine organizational structure
• Receive federal support
• Define regions (initially based on fisheries
  management regions)

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The regional approach
Potential functions

• Characterize the region
• Develop goals and objectives
• Facilitate regional research
• Coordinate collaborative ocean
• management
• Build awareness
• Develop regional ecosystem
• assessments
• Monitor and evaluate regional
• performance
• Identify opportunities for offshore uses (e.g.
  renewable energy, MPAs)

USGS
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Improving governance of the offshore
A coordinated management regime

• Meet Growing Need
• Clarify Offshore Responsibilities
• Ensure fair return from use of resources
• Use Marine Protected Areas as Appropriate

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Renewable ocean energy
Offshore wind farms Horns Rev, Denmark
www.hornsrev.dk
www.hornsrev.dk
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Renewable ocean energy
Massachusetts wind farm sites
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(No Transcript)
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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Dec. 17,
2004

• Enhancing Leadership and Coordination
• Advancing ocean research and observations
• Improving natural resource use and conservation
• Assisting coast and watershed management
• Supporting marine transportation
• Advancing international ocean science and policy

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(No Transcript)
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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

• Supporting Regional Collaborations

• Great Lakes Interagency Collaboration
• Regional Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico
• Regional Aquatic Resource Partnership for the
  Southeast of US

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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

• Resource Management Actions

• Promote market based systems in fisheries
• Foster balanced representation on fish councils
• Establish guidelines for use of science in
  fisheries
• Implement coral reef local action strategies
• Propose offshore aquaculture legislation
• Better integrate the existing network of marine
  managed areas
• Support offshore energy development

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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

• Coast and Watershed Management

• Advance watershed conservation through the Farm
  Bill
• Conserve and restore coastal habitat
• Prevent the spread of invasive species
• Reduce coastal water pollution
• Reduce airborne pollution of coastal waters

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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

• Ocean Research and Observations

• Develop ocean research priorities plan
• Build global earth observation network
• Deploy new research and survey platforms
• Develop national water quality monitoring network
• Coordinate ocean and coastal mapping
• Implement oceans, human health, hypoxia act
• Promote lifelong ocean education

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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

• International Ocean Policy and Science

• Accede to UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
• Strengthen implementation of London Convention
• Reduce land-based sources of marine pollution
• Approve ratification of MARPOL amendments on
  pollution from marine engines
• Use large marine ecosystems concept in
  international context
• Link global earth observation system with the
  global marine assessment

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Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Supporting Marine Transportation

• Make ICMTS Cabinet Level
• Implement Freight Action Agenda
• Assess Short Sea Shipping
• Update water level observation network near
  seaports
• Launch Federal Clean Marina Challenge
• Decrease Vessel Air Emissions

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Congressional Initiatives - 2003-04

• NOAA Organic Legislation
• Ocean and Coastal Policy
• Ocean Exploration
• Ocean Mapping
• Oceans and Human Health
• Marine Debris Reduction
• Ocean and Coastal Observations
• Coast and Estuarine Land Protection
• Ocean Research Coordination

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Coastal State and BC Initiatives

• California Ocean Action Plan and Ocean Protection
  Council
• Oregon Ocean Policy Advisory Council
• Canada Ocean Strategy Cdn-BC Implementation MOU
• Hawaii Ocean and Coastal Council
• Washington Proposed Ocean Policy Review
  Commission

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An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century
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Washington State Situation

• History of ocean policy legislation

Oceanographic Commission of Washington/Oceanograph
ic Institute of Washington (1968 - 1981) Ocean
Resources Management Act (1989)
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Washington State Situation

• Multiple Leading Authorities at state level

Department of Ecology Department of Natural
Resources Department of Fish and Wildlife
Multiple Tribal authorities
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Washington State Situation

• Extensive Federal Presence

• DOD (Navy, USACOE),
• DHS (USCG, CBP)
• Interior (Forests, Parks, Water, Wildlife, OCS)
• Commerce (NOAA - Fisheries, Weather)
• EPA (Water and Air quality, waste, clean-up)
• DOT (Highways, rail, maritime, intermodal)

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Washington State Situation

• Local and sub-state interests

Local governments (GMA, SMA) Port
Districts Sub-state special authorities (RPC,
watershed councils, PSAT, NW Straits)
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Washington State Situation

• Emerging marine technologies and
  development/environmental trends

• Renewable ocean energy projects
• Fisheries enhancement and mariculture
• Ocean science and monitoring
• Marine Biotech and human health protection
• Climate change and variability effects
• Marine transit and short sea shipping

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Washington State Situation

• Salmon recovery planning and implementation

• Recovery planning in five state regions and
  multiple watersheds
• Linking watersheds to estuaries, marine waters
  and ocean
• Recover salmon runs and protect watershed
  economies

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Washington State Situation

• Links to Oregon and British Columbia

• Oregon coordination on erosion, dredging,
  fisheries, research and ocean observing/monitoring
  systems
• British Columbia coordination on water quality,
  habitat improvement, research, marine reserves,
  shipping safety

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S. 5278 - Ocean Policy Review Commission

• Modeled after US Commission
• Gets the dialogue started
• Take a fresh and independent look
• Build capacity to better assert state interests
• Provide sufficient funds for an independent
  review

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Thank you
The Project on Ocean Governance School of Marine
Affairs University of Washington