Chpt. 44 Osmoregulation

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Chpt. 44Osmoregulation Excretion

• Julianna Diddle
• Ethan Coombes

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• Where is homeostasis regulated in mamals vs.
  reptiles?
• What is an osmoconformer?
• What is an osmoregulator?

• Regulated internally MAMMALS

--Regulated externally REPTILES
-An animal that doesnt actively adjust its
internal osmolarity

• An animal that must control its internal
  osmolarity because its
• body fluids are not isoosmotic with the outside
  environment

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-hyperosmotic
-ioosmotic
-hypoosmotic
-saltwater
-freshwater
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• What special characteristics do anhydrobiotic
  animals have?

• They can lose almost all body water
• survive in a dormant state if their habitats
  dry up.

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• What are the three types of nitrogenous waste,
  what is different about them, and what is an
  animal that excretes each type?

• Ammonia(NH3)

-most toxic -Excreted by aquatic animals

• Urea

-low toxicity -Requires less water to dilute
can store large quantities -Mamals, adult
amphibians, sharks, some bony fish, turtles
--Uric Acid
-Least toxic -Insoluble -Can be excreted with
little water loss but energetically
expensive -Insects, land snails, many reptiles,
birds
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• What are the four main steps of the excretory
  process?

1. Filtration 2. Reabsorption 3. Secretion 4.
Excretion
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Kidney
Renal Artery
Renal vein
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
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• What is the functional unit of the kidney?
  (1,000,000/kidney in humans)
• What is the pathway of filtrate after leaving the
  glomerular capsule?
• What are the two types of nephrons?

• Nephron

• Proximal tubule, loop of Henle (descending
  ascending loops), distal tubule,
• collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter

1.) Juxtamedullary Extend into medulla,
important for water conservation
2.) Cortical Loop of Henle stays in the cortex
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• What is the pathway for blood supplying each
  nephron?
• Systems that expend energy to create
  concentration gradients are .

• Afferent arteriole, glomerular capillaries,
  Efferent arteriole,
• peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

• Countercurrent multiplier systems

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• What is the hormone that regulates water balance
  increases collecting duct permeability to water
  
• What is the condition of increased urination
  called?

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

-Diuresis
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• What does the RAAS do? (Renin-Angiostentin-Aldoste
  rone System)
• What is the peptide hormone that opposes RAAS
  is released by the atria of the heart in response
  to increased blood volume pressure?

-Works with the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
to drop blood pressure blood volume triggers
JGA to release renin -Angiostentin II
Aldosterone reduce renin secretion in response to
JGA

• Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

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• What is osmoregulation?
• What is excretion?

• Solute balance gain or loss of water

-Elimination of nitrogenous wastes