?????????? (Flukes)

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?????????? (Flukes) Phylum Platyhelminthes
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?????????? (Flukes) Phylum Platyhelminthes Class
Trematoda ??????????? 3 Subclass ??? 1.
Subclass Monogenea 2. Subclass
Aspidobothrea 3. Subclass Digenea
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1. Subclass Monogenea - ???????????????????????
???????????? - ?????????????????????????????????
? ?????????? Opisthaptor -
???????????? external parasites ???
?????? ?????????????????????? ???
???? - ??????????????????????????????
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2. Subclass Aspidobothrea - ??????????????????
??? ??? ??? ???? - ????? oral
sucker - ??????????????????????????????
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3. Subclass Digenea - ?????????????????
???????????? ???? (Bilateral
symmetry) - ?????????????????????????? oral
sucker ??????????????????? ventral
sucker - ?????????????? ???????????????????
1 ???? - ????????????????????????????
??? ????????????? - ?????????? 2
????????????????
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??????? (Morphology) ????????????????????
???????????????????????? ????????? 1.
Distome - ??????????? - ?? sucker 2 ??? oral
sucker ?????????? ??????????????
ventral sucker ????
?????????????????????????
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2. Echinostome - ?????????? Distome ?????
collar spines ??????? oral sucker 3.
Monostome - ?? oral sucker ??????????????? 4.
Amphistome - ?? ventral sucker ????????????
?????????????
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5. Gasterostome - ???????????????? 6.
Holostome (Strigeid) - ???????????????? 2
???? 7. Schistosome - ?? 2 ??? ?????? -
???????? ??????????????????????????
?????????????????????
??????????????? Gynecophoric
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Subclass Digenea - ????????????????????????????
???? - ????????????????????????????????????? -
????????????????? (leaf-like) ?? sucker 2
??? ????????????? Distome -
?????????? spines ????????
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?????????????????????????? (??????? ???????? ???
??????? ????????? ,2535)
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??????????????????????????????????? (Malex,1980)
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???????????? (Digestive system) - ??? oral
sucker ???? Pharynx ????? ??????
Esophagus - ???????????????????? Y ???????
???????????????????????
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???????????????????? (Brown, 1975)
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?????????? (Nervous system) - ?????????? 1 ???
???????? Pharynx - ????????????????????????
?????????????? ?????????
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?????????????? (Brown, 1975)
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??????????? (Excretory system) - ????????
Flame cell ???????? ciliated cell
????? ?????????????? Excretory tubule ????
Excretory capillary ???????????????????????
????? Collecting tubule ????????????
Excretory bladder ???????????? Excretory pore
??????????????????
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??????????????? (Brown, 1975)
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????????????? (Reproductive system) -
?????????? 2 ??? ?????????????????
(Monoecious) ?????? ??????????????????
(Schistosome)
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- Male genital organ ????????????????
Testes 2 ??? (????? Schistosome ?????????)
????? Vas-efferens ????????????????
Vas-defferens ???????????? Genital pore
?????????? Vas-defferens ?? ????????????
cirrus sac ?????????????? seminal vesicle
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- Female genital organ ?? Ovary 1 ???
?????????????????? lobe (????????
?????????????-Branch) ????????? (Oviduct)
??????? 2 ??? ?????? 1 ?????????????????????
Seminal receptacle
??????????? Sperm ???????? species
???????????????? Dorsal surface
????????????? vagina ??????????????
Laurers canal
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?????? 2 ????????????????????? ??? Vitelline
gland ???????? Ootype
?????????? Mehlis gland ????????
??????????????? Secrete ????????
sperm ????????? ?????? Ootype
??????????????????? ????
???????????????? Fertilize ????????
?????????
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?????? Ootype ?????? Uterus ????????
???????????????????? Genital pore
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??????????????????????????? (Beaver,1984)
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???????????? (Fertilization) - Sperm
??????????? Uterus ???????????????? Seminal
receptacle - ??????????? ?????????????? Ovary
???????? Sperm ?????? Ootype -
??????????????????? Secrete ????? Vitelline
gland ???????????????????? ??????????
Genital pore
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- Laurers canal ???????????? ????????????
???? Monoecious ?????? ???????? cross
fertilization ?????????????????????????
Sperm
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• ??? (Egg)
• ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????
• ??????
• - ?????? ??????? ???????? 30 Um ????? ??????? 170
  um
• - ??????????????? (Operculum) ???????????
• ?????????????
• - ????????????????? ??????? spine (????????
• ??????????????????????????????)

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??????? (Life cycle) - ?????????????????????
????? - ???????????????????????
Miracidium ????????? ??????????
????????????????? - ????? Miracidium
??????????????? (Intermediate host)
?????????????????????????????????? ??????
Miracidium Sporocyst Redia
Cercaria ??????????????????????? Asexual
Reproduction
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- Cercaria ???????????????????? first
intermediate host ???? infect second
intermediate host ???????????????
Metacercaria - ?????????????????????????????????
????? Metacercaria ???????????? Definitive
host ??? ?????
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?????????? (Epidimeology) - ???????????????
?????????? - ??????????????????? ?????
???????? - 1st Intermediate host ?????? ???
(snail , slug) - 2nd Intermediate
host ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
??? - ??????????????????????? ??????????????
???????????

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??????????????????? (Control and Prevention) 1.
???????????? 2. ???????????????????? 3. ?????
?????????????
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??????????????????????????????????? (Terms Used
in the Description of Trematodes)
Monogenetic Digenetic
? ????????????????? Flukes ???? Parasites ???
?????????????????? ????????????????
????????? ? ????????????????? Flukes ????
Parasites ?????????????????????? Asexual
?????? ??????????? ??? Sexual ?????????????
???????????????????????????????
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Distomata Monoecious Dioecious Operculum
? ?????????????? Suckers 2 ??? ?
???????????????????? ??????????? ???? 2
????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????
?????? ???????????????????? ? ????????????
?????????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????????? Cestode ????
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Miracidium Sporocyst Redia
? ???????????????? (larva) ?????????? ? ???
????????????? ???????????????? ?
????????????????????????? ???
???????????????? Miracidium ?????
????????????? ??????? germ cell ?
???????????????????????? ???????? ???
Sporocyst ???????????????? (sac) ???
???????????????? ????????????
????????????????
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Cercaria Metacercaria Sucker Acetabulum
? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ???
Redia ?????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ? ???????????
cercaria ???????????? cyst ? ?????????????????????
????? ?? 2 ???? ??? Oral sucker, Ventral
sucker ? ??? Ventral sucker ????????????????????
??????? ventral sucker ?????? ?
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cirrus cirrus pore cirrus pouch Vas
efferens Vas deferens
? ??????????????????????????? ? ????????????
cirrus ????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????
cirrus ??????? ?????????? ?
???????????????? testes (?????) ????? vas
deferens ? ???????????????? Vas efferens ?????
cirrus
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Seminal receptacle Seminal vesicle Ootype Laurer
s canal Mehlis gland
? ?????????????????????????????????? ????
sperms ? ?????????????????? Vas deferens ????
??????????????????? ??? cirrus ?
?????????????????????? sperms ?
?????????????????????????? Oviduct
?????????????? Copulatory canal ?
????????????????????????????????? ??? Ootype
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Vitelline glands Genital pore Flame
Cell Parenchyma
? ????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????? ?
??????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ? ???? excretory cell
???????? ????????? ????????????????
??????? ? ???????????????????????????? ???
?????????????????? ?
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???????????????????????????????????????????? Subcl
ass Digenea Family Fasciolodae ??????
Fasciola Fasciolopsis Fascioloides
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Family Paramphitomatidae ??????
Paramphistomum Gastrodiscoides Family
Echinostomatidae ?????? Echinostoma Family
Troglotrematidae ?????? Paragonimus
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Family Dicrocoeliidae ??????
Dicrocoelium Eurytrema Family
Opisthorchiidae ?????? Opisthorchis
Clonorchis
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Family Heterophyidae ??????
Heterophyes Family Prosthogonimidae ??????
Prosthogonimus Family Notocotylidae ??????
Notocotylus
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Family Cyclocoelidae ??????
Tracheophilus Family Schistosomatidae ??????
Schistosoma
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???????????????????????????????
?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? 1.
??????????????? (Intestinal Flukes) -
?????????????????????????????? ?????????????
???????? - ?????? Fasciolopsis
buski Gastrodiscoides hominis Metagonimus
yokogawai Phaneropsolus bonnei Prosthodendrium
molenkampi Heterophyes sp. Notocotylus sp.
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2. ??????????????? (Blood Flukes) -
????????????????????????????????
???????? - ?????? Schistosoma spp. 3.
????????????? (Lung Flukes) -
???????????????????????? ???????? -
?????? Paragonimus spp.
Tracheophilus sp.
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4. ????????????? (Liver Flukes) -
??????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ???????? -
?????? Fasciola hepatica Fasciola
gigantica Dicrocoelium dentriticum Eurytrema
pancreaticum Opisthorchis viverrini Opisthorch
is felineus
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• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????? Prosthogonimus
• ?????????? ????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????