Title: LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulation Emission Radiation
1????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????/ ???
????????
????? ?? ?????? ? ????????
?. ??? ?? ??? ?????
2????? ?? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ???? ?????
??? ????? ???????
?? ???????
?? ?????????
3??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????
????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ??
????? ?? ?????? 300000 ???/????? ???? ?? ????
??????? (???????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????
???????)
?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????
4??? ????????? ??? ??????
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulation
Emission Radiation
???? ???? (?????? ?? ?????)
???? ????? (???????? ?????)
???? ??????
???? ?????
???? ??? ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 1958 ?
5???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?? ??????
?????)
click here
6????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? (?????)?
?? ??? ??? ???????
7?? ?? ????? ???????
1- ??????? ????? (monochromaticity) 2- ?????
??????? ??????? ? ??????? (coherence) 3- ?????
??????? ? ??? ???????? (directionality) 4-
???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????
8????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
?? ??? ?????? ???????
??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????
??? ???? ?? Fabry-Perot interferometer ?? ????
(???) ???? ??????
9????? ??????
?????????? ??????? ????? (continuous) ?? ?????
(pulsed)
????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????
??? ???? ????????
10????? ??????
???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???
??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???
???? ?????
?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????
11????? ??????
??? ???? ??????? ??? (gas)? ??? (solid state)?
???? ??? ????? (semiconductor)? ????? (dye)? ...
???.
???? ?????
?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
12??????? ??????