The Colonial Era

1
The Colonial Era

• 1763-1830

2
A New Colony

• By 1763 England had completely driven France out
  of North America.
• Isle St. Jean or St. Johns Island under the
  English was drawing quite a bit of attention by
  discharged military officers.
• It was rumored to be a land of fertile soil and
  ready to move in farms that were left by the
  French.

3
Lord Egmont

• England, like France, would find colonization an
  expensive venture and looked for ideas to lower
  the cost of growing the population in their new
  territory.
• Sir John Percival, the Earl of Egmont, proposed
  to the British government that the Island be
  divided into large estates and appoint a Lord of
  each estate who would be responsible for building
  a castle and raising 100 soldiers for the defense
  of the territory.
• Egmonts plan was laughed at and turned down by
  the British government without really having been
  looked at.

4
Samuel Holland

• Samuel Holland was a Dutch-born army officer who
  had fought at Louisbourg and Quebec. He
  suggested a survey of all the new territory be
  taken and a plan to encourage immigration.
• The King would appoint Holland Surveyor General
  for the northern half of North America. This
  included Virginia all the way up to St. Johns
  Island.

5
Sams Plan

• Holland would arrive in 1764 and would make his
  base at Rocky Point. Using Micmac and Acadian
  guides he completed the survey of the Island in
  one year.
• The Island when surveyed was cut into 67 lots,
  grouped into 14 parishes, and 3 counties.
• He named the counties and laid our county
  capitals at Princetown, Charlottetown, and
  Georgetown, with the capital of the Island being
  Charlottetown for the reasons of defense and
  access to the interior of the Island.

6
St. Johns Island
7
Lotto 67

• The Colonial office in England decided that the
  Island lots were to be raffled off to rich and
  powerful Englishmen who would be responsible for
  colonizing the Island.
• Lot 66 was kept for Crown Land and on July 23,
  1767 all the lots were placed in a big drum and a
  lottery was held.
• The recipients of the lots were all members of
  parliament , army officers, wealthy merchants,
  and high-ranking government officials.

8
The Proprietors

• The new landholders on the Island were known as
  proprietors and they were given three
  conditions to meet.
• Bring over 100 settlers within 10 years.
• Settlers had to be Protestant-and non-British.
• The proprietors had to pay quit-rents to the
  government based on the quality of land.
• Any conditions not met, meant the land would be
  returned and given to another proprietor.

9
Early Government

• In 1763 the Island was officially annexed to Nova
  Scotia and the Colonial office asked Gov.
  Franklin to report on the status of the Island.
• He would assume the Island would stay under Nova
  Scotias control and would build wharves,
  barracks, lay out the capital, and appointed
  officials.
• This angered the British government and the new
  proprietors and the Island was separated from
  Nova Scotia in 1769.

10
Walter Patterson

• The Island was now officially a colony of the
  English empire and would need a Governor. The
  Proprietor of Lot 19, Walter Patterson was
  granted the job.
• He arrived in 1770 to find the Island was nothing
  more than a floating forest and that
  Charlottetown was a few log houses on the edge of
  the woods.

11
Walter Patterson

• When he realized just what he had gotten himself
  into he wrote his Lieutenant Governor, Thomas
  DeBrisay, to stay in England. DeBrisay would not
  show up for nine years.

12
Questions

1. __________ Year England officially controlled all
   of North America.
2. __________ Groups of people interested in the
   Island.
3. __________ The English were finding that
   colonization was very ________.
4. __________ Earl of Egmont.
5. __________ British Government office responsible
   for colonies.
6. __________ Governor of Nova Scotia in 1763.
7. __________ Year St. Johns Island was freed from
   Nova Scotia.
8. __________ First Island Governor.

13
Questions

1. __________ Surveyor General of northern North
   America.
2. __________ Island was divided into this many
   lots.
3. __________ Number of parishes.
4. __________ Capitals of the counties.
5. __________This was held on July 23, 1767.
6. __________ Capital of the Island.
7. __________ Lieutenant Gov. of the Island.
8. __________ Year Patterson arrived on the Island.

14
Early Government

• In July of 1773 the Island held its first
  elections and 18 men were elected to government.
• There was no legislative building however and the
  assembly was forced to meet in a tavern.
• The sergeant-at-arms was reported to have called
  it a damned queer parliament!

15
Early Government

• The government salaries were to be paid from the
  quit rents collected from the proprietors. The
  problem was the proprietors were not paying them.
• John Duport and his daughter starved to death by
  1775 as a result of not being paid.
• Walter Patterson would leave for England to try
  and find some answers as to where the money was
  and would not return for 5 years.

16
American Revolutionary War1775-1783

• After the Seven Year War (1756-1763) Englands
  debt had gone from 14 million pounds to 130
  million pounds.
• As a result the British government levied taxes
  on not only the American colonies but all its
  people.
• The Americans however did not appreciate being
  taxed without representation in the British
  parliament. The slogan no taxation without
  representation would become one of the rallying
  cries of the revolution.

17
Charlottetown Raided

• While Patterson was in England Charlottetown was
  raided by American Privateers in November of
  1775.
• Phillips Callbeck, Thomas Wright, and David
  Higgins were captured and presented to George
  Washington at Cambrigde Massachusetts.
• Washington disapproved of the action and allowed
  the three men to sail back to Halifax aboard a
  fishing boat bound for the area.

18
The Defence of Charlottetown

• Phillips Callbeck upon returning to Charlottetown
  began to arm the settlement as it was
  defenseless.
• A seven gun battery was established, troops were
  sent from Halifax and a 100 man militia was
  formed.
• In July of 1778 four provincial companies arrived
  from New York under the command of Colonel
  Hierlihy for who barracks were constructed in
  Charlottetown.

19
Patterson Returns to The Island

• In 1780 Patterson returned to the Island with a
  3,000 pound grant, an annual subsidy of 300
  pounds, and the power of distraint.
• Distraint was the taking of undeveloped lots and
  returning them to the crown for the purpose of
  granting them to someone else.
• Patterson would also attempt to change the name
  of the Island to New Ireland due to the fact
  that Islanders were losing mail to St. Johns
  Newfoundland and St. John N.B. The change was
  quickly reverted by the British Government.

20
Early Settlement

• Some of the proprietors ignored the Island while
  some actually made attempts at colonization and
  others landed here by accident.
• 1770 Annabella- Robert Stewart settled 200
  Scottish Highlanders
• 1770 Falmouth- James Montgomery settled 50
  Scottish Highlanders
• 1771 Edinburgh- Robert Stewart settled another 70
  Scottish Highlanders.
• 1772 Alexander- John MacDonald settled 200
  Highlanders
• 1775 Elizabeth- Robert Clark settled 200 English
  and Irish.

21
Pioneer Life

• The life for pioneers during the colonial time
  was extremely difficult. Nothing had been left
  from the French occupation.
• It took 2-5 years to clear enough land to feed a
  small family.
• The English would bring the potato to the Island
  as many family would spend the whole winter
  eating them to survive.

22
Pioneer Life

• The first homes were log cabins which were
  temporary housing until a proper farmhouse could
  be built.
• Most of the settlers came from England which had
  mild winters and were not use to 20 degrees
  Celsius or worse.
• Large amounts of snow were uncommon to the
  pioneers as well as the bears which roamed the
  woods.

23
The Land Grab

• By 1781 Patterson was ready to act on the
  deadbeat landlords as they had been given a six
  month period to pay their quit rents.
• In November of 1781 eight lots and six half lots
  were to be auctioned off as under the conditions
  of distraint.
• The auction was held at a local tavern with only
  government officials present. The only lot that
  was seriously desired was lot 35 which went to
  Phillips Callbeck. 8.5 lot went to Patterson by
  default, a total of 170,000 acres.

24
Questions

1. __________ Year of the Islands first elections.
2. __________ Number of people elected in the
   election.
3. __________ Meeting place of the assembly.
4. __________ Money to be collected from the
   landlords to pay government salaries.
5. __________ Island landlords.
6. __________ This man would starve to death in
   1775.
7. __________ War that broke out in 1775.
8. __________ Patterson came back from England with
   this power.

25

1. __________ Patterson would change the name of the
   island to this.
2. __________ Year John MacDonald arrived on the
   island.
3. __________ What ship did John MacDonald arrive
   on?
4. __________ Which lot did John MacDonald own?
5. __________ This crop would be brought to the
   island by the English.
6. __________ Year Patterson started distraint
   proceedings against the landlords.
7. __________ After the land auction Patterson would
   end up with this much land. (Lots Acres)

26
Pattersons Mistakes

• Patterson in his eagerness to resolve the problem
  of the deadbeat landlords made two mistakes.
• At the end of the Auction he ended up with 8.5
  lots equaling 170,000 acres.
• He focused on the landlords that owned good lots
  there were plenty of other lots that were
  undeveloped but he did nothing about.

27
Pattersons Opponents

• Capt. John MacDonald was proprietor of Lot 36.
  He had worked hard at establishing settlements
  but had gone to fight in the Revolutionary War.
  When he found out he was going to lose his land
  he returned to England and became Pattersons
  main opponent.
• Jack Stewart or Hellfire Jack was Pattersons
  main opponent on St. Johns Island. Patterson
  had taken away a pasture lot in Charlottetown
  from him and Phillips Callbeck had outbid him for
  Lot 35. What made him really angry with
  Patterson was the fact that Patterson was
  sleeping with his mother.

28
Capt. John Goes to England

• Capt. Johns argument for not paying quit rents
  was that he was away at war and could not
  possibly be expected to pay quit rents. He
  rallied the other landlords who had deep
  political ties.
• In 1783 the Colonial Secretary, Lord North issued
  a letter to Patterson voiding all sales from the
  auction. It did state however that the
  proprietors must pay all arrears they owed to the
  government and that quit rents could now be paid
  in England as well as on the Island.

29
Hellfire Jack

• In 1784 the Stewarts with their new ally Thomas
  Debrisay won the 1784 election with old
  Hellfire being elected speaker of the house.
• The assembly was now in the hands of the Stewarts
  and they were ready to void the sales of 1781
  which meant that Patterson would lose his newly
  gained land.

30
The Loyalists

• In 1783 the British surrender to the Americans
  and the 13 Colonies were full of Loyalists, or
  people who remained loyal to England.
• Many of these Loyalists would head north to seek
  land in British controlled North America. Around
  30-40,000 would settle in the Maritime colonies.

31
The Loyalists to the Rescue

• Walter Patterson needed allies as he was about to
  lose his land. He would find allies in the
  Loyalists wishing to settle in the Maritimes.
• Patterson would settle Loyalists on his new lots
  and have them run in a new election defeating the
  DeBrisay-Stewart coalition.

32
Edmund Fanning

• On November 4, 1786 Colonel Edmund Fanning
  arrived on the Island to assume the post of
  Lieutenant Governor as Patterson was to return to
  England as the Colonial office had received
  complaints about Pattersons corrupt behavior.
• Patterson however would not leave stating that he
  must stay and finish out the year and gain
  evidence to disprove the allegations against him.

33
Patterson vs. Fanning

• Patterson would remain on and pass legislation
  restoring the lots purchased in 1781 to their
  original owners. Phillips Callbeck and Peter
  Stewart however would refuse to surrender titles
  to Lots 31 and 35. The Loyalists were given the
  land they had settled and the proprietors were to
  compensate the purchasers of their Lots.
• Patterson however after it was all over would not
  give up his position as Lieutenant Governor.

34
Patterson vs. Fanning

• Patterson would remain on the Island as he knew
  if he left for England he would not return.
• Fanning growing tired of the situation would
  issue a proclamation on April 10th 1787
  publicizing his appointment as Governor of the
  Island.
• Patterson would issue his own proclamation on the
  following day stating that Fanning was only to
  govern in his absence and any order given by him
  was illegal and not to be carried out.
• Patterson would eventually be forced to leave as
  he was no longer just being recalled he was
  officially fired as Lord Sydney would inform him,
  His Majesty has no further occasion for your
  services as Lieutenant Governor.

35
The End of Patterson

• Patterson would return to England a ruined and
  humiliated man and would face trial. He would be
  found guilty and reprimanded. He would spend
  time in Newgate Prison as he would not be able to
  pay his debts and would later die in 1798 a poor
  man.

36
Questions

1. __________ Appointed to replace Patterson.
2. __________ Year the American Revolution ended.
3. __________ Americans who remained loyal to the
   British Crown.
4. __________ Hellfire Jack
5. __________ Colonial Secretary in 1783
6. __________ Colonial Secretary who would have
   Patterson removed as Governor.

37
Edmund Fanning

• A New Yorker by birth Edmund Fanning was a well
  educated man having studied law at Yale. He went
  on to be a judge in North Carolina.
• After serving in the American Revolutionary War
  he was granted the Lieut. Governorship of Nova
  Scotia and then in 1787 became the Lieut.
  Governor of St. Johns Island.

38
The Fanning Years

• Although Walter Patterson had been fired he still
  had supporters on the Island trying to keep their
  land and their positions.
• In July of 1787 Fanning called an election and
  the supporters of Patterson won. Fanning who was
  not in favor of this disallowed the election and
  called another.
• Fanning would disallow this election and change
  the electoral ridings to suit his friendsbut
  they still lost.
• It would not be until 1790 that Fannings
  supporters would get elected. Fanning would not
  call another election for 12 years.

39
Edmund Fanning

• Edmund would begin to buy land and would become a
  land-agent for absentee landlords living in
  England.
• Land-Agents were responsible for collecting the
  quit-rents, watching the tenants, and keeping out
  squatters.
• There was good money to be made in working as a
  land-agent especially if you skimmed off the top,
  which most, including Fanning, did.

40
Tenants Vs. Proprietors

• There were a number of Loyalist families now
  living on the Island. Some had been brought here
  by Patterson and then some of Fanning's friends
  from the 13 Colonies.
• These Loyalist tenants began to call for an
  escheat of the land. Escheat was the taking of
  the land from the proprietors and giving it to
  the tenantsfor free.
• Fanning who was now a landowner and a land-agent
  was not impressed with his Loyalist friends.

41
Lots Investigated

• The Assembly investigated the Land Question in
  1797 to see how the landlords were doing in
  regards to settlement.
• Of the 67 lots 23 were totally empty and another
  12 lots had an average for 3 families each. Only
  26 were well settled but still did not meet the
  original conditions.
• The assembly called for a Court of Escheat to go
  after the 35 worst cases and redistribute the
  land to tenants.

42
The Colonial Office Investigates

• In 1803 the colonial Office finally got around to
  its own investigation of the Lots on the Island.
• The investigation showed that the arrears of the
  Lots totaled 60,000 pounds. Some Lots had
  arrears more than the Lot was worth.
• The Colonial Secretary, Lord Hobart decided to
  forgive the arrears on a sliding scale based on
  how much effort was put in by the proprietors.
• In total the arrears were cut 40,430 pounds.

43
The End of Fanning

• In terms of quit rents the new office of Receiver
  General was created and given to Jack Stewart.
  He was now responsible for making sure the
  arrears were paid.
• As for Escheat, Lord Hobart told Fanning to
  proceed with it if things did not improve.
• Fanning would instead decide to retire in 1804
  and would live in Charlottetown until 1813.

44
Questions

1. __________ Governor after Patterson.
2. __________ People responsible for collecting
   quit-rents.
3. __________ People who illegally settled on lots.
4. __________ Taking land from Proprietors and
   giving it to the tenants.
5. __________ In 1797 The Island Assembly called for
   this.
6. __________ Amount of arrears in 1805.
7. __________ New position created to make sure
   quit-rents were paid.
8. __________ Colonial Secretary in 1803.

45
Questions

1. __________ The new Receiver General.
2. __________ Year Fanning retired.
3. __________ Number of Lots found totally empty in
   1797.
4. __________ Edmund Fanning was educated here.
5. __________ Place where Edmund Fanning was born.
6. __________ Edmund Fanning was Governor here
   before coming to the Island.

46
Stalled Immigration

• The American War of Independence was a disaster
  for the Island. Many people actually left the
  Island during this time to fight in the war.
• A few Loyalists arrived under Patterson along
  with some Scottish Highlanders.
• By the 1790s most families were producing their
  own food but there was no real economy on the
  Island people bartered as hardly anyone had cash.
• The Island was looked at as a destination for the
  poorest people who couldnt afford to go
  elsewhere.

47
Lord Selkirk

• Thomas Douglas, the Earl of Selkirk was an
  energetic and ambitious new landlord and wanted
  to help Scotlands poor Highlanders.
• The Island was not on the top of his list for a
  new settlement but he was forced to settle here
  when his land deal in Ontario fell through.
• He sailed from the Isle of Skye in 1803. One of
  his ships was attacked by pirates but was saved
  by his quick thinking captain who told the
  pirates everyone was dying of ships fever.

48
The Highlanders

• All together Lord Selkirk had 800 people aboard
  three ships, the Polly, Oughton, and Dykes.
• They would settle in the Belfast area together as
  a large group in order to preserve their way of
  life and culture.
• They would build log cabins and clear land and
  plant potatoes around the stumps.
• Highland games were held with traditional events
  such as the Caber Toss, Hammer Throw, and Piping
  Competition.

49
The Highlanders

• Education was very important to the Highlanders
  as they built their school before the church.
• Two schools were located in Orwell and Kinross.
• They had first rate teachers and many of their
  children would go on to university.

50
The Forgotten People

• While the proprietors were fighting with
  government and the tenants with the landlords the
  original inhabitants of the island were
  over-looked.
• Lennox Island was not assigned to any lot when
  Holland did his survey which was a nice
  coincidence as this was the Micmac winter home.
  Eventually when Lennox Island was attached to Lot
  12, James Montgomery agreed to let the Micmac
  stay.
• At first the Micmac would continue to wander the
  Island in search of food but as the lots filled
  up this became more difficult and they would
  eventually settle on Lennox Island.
• The British and Island Governments would continue
  their policy of ignoring the Micmac.

51
Finding A Home

• Many of the Acadians who were deported to
  Louisiana would return to their homes.
• They started arriving around 1770 and settled in
  Rustico Bay, Fortune Bay, and Malpeque.
• Most of the Acadians wanted to be left alone and
  when approached by land-agents simply moved to
  another lot.
• Eventually some would leave the Island altogether
  for Cape Breton. Others would decide to pay
  their rent and would become tenant farmers on
  land they use to own.

52
J.F.W. DesBarres

• J.F.W. DesBarres was 84 years old when appointed
  Governor of Prince Edward Island.
• He arrived in 1805 to investigate and clean up
  the mess surrounding the escheat movement on the
  Island.
• Desbarres had been a Swiss soldier of fortune, an
  internationally known map maker, a landlord in
  Nova Scotia, and former Governor of Cape Breton.

53
Desbarres The Stewarts

• Desbarres was on the outside looking in when he
  arrived on the Island he was not welcomed by the
  Islands elite circle.
• When Jack Stewart had the line between he and
  John MacDonalds lot resurveyed and it showed
  Stewart actually owned several hundered acres of
  MacDonalads land DesBarres investigated.
• DesBarres would find the survey false and would
  make an instant enemy of the Stewarts.

54
DesBarres Palmer

• James B. Palmer was a lawyer who recently arrived
  from Ireland. He would become DesBarres main
  advisor and would form the Loyal Electors.
• The Loyal Electors were a fraternal/political
  group who were trying to escheat the land and let
  Catholics vote.

55
DesBarres Palmer

• James Palmer would turn out to be crooked as he
  was caught stealing timber on absentee landlords
  land.
• This would get him disbarred and he would be
  finished politically.
• J.F.W. DesBarres was fired in 1812 thanks to the
  Stewarts influence in England. He would move
  back to Nova Scotia and live to be 102.

56
Drama At Abells Cape

• How big were the lots on St. Johns Island?
• Who owned Lot 56?
• What special thing had the owner of Lot 56 done
  in 1759?
• Who would the Lot pass to?
• Who was the Land Agent for this Lot?
• What kind of a man was this Land Agent?

57
Drama At Abells Cape

1. What kind of woman was Susannah Abell?
2. What was the rent on the land in Lot 56?
3. What made it difficult to pay the rents?
4. Why did Abell demand Pearce pay the rent?
5. What happened when he couldnt pay?
6. What happened to Pearce?
7. Why didnt the other tenants turn him in?

58
The Devil and James Christie

1. Which is older Alberton or Northport?
2. Who owned Lot 5 in the 1780s?
3. What Lot is Alberton situated?
4. What kind of man was John Hill?
5. What was Alberton originally called?
6. When was the town originally started?
7. In 1790 immigrants were expected from where?

59
The Devil and James Christie

1. What was the name of one of the first ships built
   on the western part of the Island?
2. How did Hill acquire more land?
3. How much land did Hill own?
4. How was Hills settlement efforts going?
5. What special clause was in Hills leases?
6. How did Hill keep a monopoly on buying and
   selling?

60
The Devil and James Christie

1. Who was James Chirstie and where did he come
   from?
2. What happened on December 9th, 1820?
3. How did this affect everyone in West Prince?
4. How did Christie get caught?
5. What happened to Christie?

61
Lord Selkirk of Prince Edward Island

• Where is Thomas Douglas originally from?
• What other settlements was he involved with?
• What kind of person was Thomas Douglas?
• How did Lord Selkirk plan to calm Ireland?
• Where did the British government favour settling
  Scottish Highlanders?
• Where did Selkirk look to recruit settlers? What
  was the major industry there?

62
Lord Selkirk of Prince Edward Island

1. Why did Selkirk pay little attention to his
   island settlement?
2. What did the passengers on the Polly and the
   Dykes think of coming to the Island?
3. What did the Passenger Vessel Act do to help
   emigration to the new world?
4. What was the Highlanders reaction to the Island?
5. Why were the trees on the Island an asset?

63
Lord Selkirk of Prince Edward Island

1. What did Selkirk think was the most productive
   way to settle British North America? Why?
2. How did he try and keep culture and traditions of
   the people he helped settle?
3. What trouble did Selkirk have with finding out
   how his settlement was doing?
4. What happened between Selkirk and his land agent
   James Williams?

64
Tignish Self-Reliance and Cooperation

1. When was the Church built in Tignish?
2. When was the area originally settled?
3. What two ethnic origins does Tignish have?
4. What did the Acadians do without a priest?
5. Who was Sylvain-Ephrem Poirier? And why was he
   important?
6. Who supervised the construction of the new church
   in 1820s? Where was he from?

65
Tignish Self-Reliance and Cooperation

• Who was the first Priest to live in Tignish?
• What did Joseph Amable Bernard do when the new
  church was built?
• Who established the Cheese Factory in 1899?
• Where did Anglo-Tignish get its name?
• What was the name of the French language
  newspaper printed in Tignish?

66
Tignish Self-Reliance and Cooperation

• What happened to Tignish in September of 1896?
• What was the price of lobster in 1920? Cod?
• What was founded in 1923? What additions were
  made to it in the following years?
• What does the author attribute the success of the
  community of Tignish?

67
The Dictator

• The new governor was C.D.Smith, the most
  controversial governor in Island history.
• He was a discharged army officer who was granted
  the job because his brother was a good friend of
  the Colonial Secretary.
• He was an undiplomatic, paranoid, quick tempered,
  control freak.

68
C.D. Smith

• Being a semi-retired army officer and getting
  paid a lowly governors salary made C.D. Smith a
  very poor man.
• He was not crooked so could not become
  independently wealthy like the governors before
  him.
• He lived in the army barracks in Charlottetown
  because he was too cheap to rent a home.
• C.D. Smiths view of the Island was very simple
  The Island was full of scum.

69
C.D. Smith Vs. The Island

• Smith saw the population of the Island who were
  mainly Irish, American, Scottish, and Catholics
  as undesirable elements.
• He would decide to rule with an Iron fist and
  stamp out any and all opposition.
• His first move was to outlaw the Loyal Electors
  after all they were all Irish Catholics and could
  not be trusted.

70
C.D. Smith Vs. The Island

• Smiths second fight was with the militia.
  Militia are basically a citizen army of
  shopkeepers and farmers who do weekend military
  service.
• With the outbreak of war with the U.S.A. in 1812
  Smith feared invasion and began whipping the
  militia into shape. He worked them so hard they
  refused to obey his orders. He had the regular
  army surround them and ordered them to open fire.
• When they would not fire, Smith had his
  son-in-law who was the sherriff to arrest the
  commanders.

71
C.D. Smith Vs. The Island

• Smith chose his next targetthe Assembly. They
  were questioning some of his decisions so he
  forbade them to meet.
• The assembly however controlled the purse strings
  on the Island and could not give Smith any more
  money to run the Island if they did not meet.
• Smith was cheap however and ran the Island
  government on the bit of money he had.
• When a new election was called he did not like
  the new crew either. They however would not
  leave. Smith would have the windows smashed out
  of the assembly in Januarythey went home.

72
C.D. Smith Vs. The Island

• Round four with Smith was against the
  proprietors. He was not out for personal gain
  and he did not care about the tenants, he just
  did not like the fact they were getting away with
  something.
• His other son-in-law was now Receiver General and
  when some of the quit rents were not paid Smith
  Escheated lot 15 and 55.

73
C.D. Smith Saves the Day

• In 1816 there was a volcanic eruption in
  Indonesia. A huge cloud of ash blocked out the
  sun that summer and crops everywhere failed.
• The Island still managed to grow enough food to
  feed itself. The worry was that farmers looking
  to make money would sell their crops and the
  Island would be short of food.
• Smith went ahead and forbade all food exports
  making sure Islanders did not go hungry.

74
C.D. Smith Vs. The Island

• In 1823 Smith entered round five and picked
  another fight against the proprietors.
• He started escheat proceedings on Lot 36 and Lot
  37. His final mistake.
• Donald MacDonald (son of Capt. John) and Jack
  Stewart were not happy to say the least.
• Stewart had meetings of the secret kind and Smith
  found out and ordered Stewart arrested.
• Stewart who was 70, was chased through the
  streets of Charlottetown but escaped in Mount
  Stewart.

75
Questions

1. __________ The new Island governor in 1812.
2. __________ His former career.
3. __________ He thought the Island was full of ___.
4. __________ The new governors first target.
5. __________ War that broke out in 1812.
6. __________ Private citizens who provide military
   service.
7. __________ Going against a commanding officers
   orders.
8. __________ The new governor forbade this group to
   assemble.

76
Questions

1. __________ The first two lots escheated by the
   new governor.
2. __________ A volcano erupted here in 1816.
3. __________ These two lots were escheated and the
   new governor was in trouble.
4. __________ The two proprietors that eventually
   would get the new governor fired.

77
John Ready

• In 1824 Jack Stewart came back from England with
  a brand new governor, John Ready.
• John Ready was very popular he built roads,
  introduced agricultural reforms and traveled
  across the Island.
• He turned the Island farming into an industry in
  where for the first time people were exporting
  food.
• Ready came up with a solution to the quit
  rentsget rid of them and change the system over
  to property taxes.
• In 1830 Catholics were given the right to vote.
  It was considered a bold new experiment which
  England had done a few years before.

78
Review

1. __________ By this year England had driven France
   out of North America.
2. __________ England found empire building very
   _____.
3. __________St. Johns Island was rumored to have
   this.
4. __________ St. Johns Island was destined to
   become
5. __________ He wrote a 60 page memorial describing
   his vision for the Island.
6. __________ St. Johns Island was to be this for
   the rest of North America according to Egmont.

79
Review

1. __________ Dutch born army officer.
2. __________ He had fought at these two battles.
3. __________ The Island was divided into this many
   lots.
4. __________ Title given to the surveyor of St.
   Johns Island.
5. __________ Year the surveyor arrived on the
   Island.
6. __________ Two type of guides used when surveying
   the Island.
7. __________ Date of the Island Lottery.

80
Review

1. __________ Landlords on the Island.
2. __________ Rent paid by the landlords.
3. __________ Asked to report on the Island.
4. __________ The Island had been annexed to this
   Colony in 1763.
5. __________ The Islands first English Governor.
6. __________ Capital of the Island.
7. __________ First elections were held on this
   date.
8. __________ The first assembly met here.
9. __________ War that broke out in 1775.

81
Review

1. __________ Attorney General taken captive by
   privateers.
2. __________ Patterson received this subsidy for
   the Island government.
3. __________ The taking of a Lot and giving it to
   another proprietor.
4. __________ For a brief time the Islands name was
   changed to this.
5. __________ He wanted to recreate the clan system
   in North America.
6. __________ Crop introduced by the British
   colonists.

82
Review

1. __________ In 1779 this man granted Charlottetown
   pasture lots to friends family.
2. __________ Year Patterson began distraint
   auctions.
3. __________ Number of acres Patterson ended up
   with after the auction.
4. __________ Proprietor of Lot 36 who fought in the
   American Revolution.
5. __________ Pattersons three main enemies. (3)
6. __________ Colonial Secretary in 1783 that issued
   a letter voiding all auction sales.

83
Review

1. __________ Jack Stewarts nickname.
2. __________ Americans who remained loyal to
   England.
3. __________ Colonial Secretary that fired
   Patterson.
4. __________ Prison that Patterson would spend time
   in due to owing debts.
5. __________ Governor that would replace Walter
   Patterson.
6. __________ People who collected quit-rents for
   absentee landlords.

84
Review

1. __________ Take land and give it to the tenants
   for free.
2. __________ Total amount of arrears of quit-rents
   in 1803.
3. __________ The Island had its name changed to
   this in 1799.
4. __________ Thomas Douglas.
5. __________ Three ships that Brought over settlers
   from the Isle of Skye.
6. __________ Area settled by Scottish Highlanders
   in 1803.

85
Review

1. _________ French Protestants.
2. _________ Pranks played on newlyweds.
3. _________ England was cut of from this source of
   wood in the 1800s.
4. _________ England was at war with this nation in
   1805.
5. _________ This group of people were neglected by
   the Island and British Government.
6. _________ These people began to resettle on the
   Island as early as 1770.

86
Review

1. _________ New governor appointed in 1805 at the
   age of 84.
2. _________ Irish Lawyer who became the new
   governors chief advisor.
3. _________ Political/fraternal group that tried to
   escheat land and give Catholics the right to
   vote.
4. _________ Political group led by Jack Stewarts
   brother Charles.
5. _________ In 1812 This governor would arrive on
   the Island.
6. _________ War that broke out in 1812.

87
Review

1. __________ James Palmer was debarred for stealing
   this.
2. __________ C.D. Smith thought the Island was full
   of this.
3. __________ A volcano would erupt here in 1816
   causing a food shortage.
4. __________ Smith would escheat these two lots in
   1816.
5. __________ Son of Capt. John MacDonald.
6. __________ Governor that replaced C.D. Smith.

88
Review

1. __________ Land agent for Lord Townsend that was
   stabbed to death.
2. __________ French school teacher in Lot 15 that
   taught in Rustico.
3. __________ Ready would turn this into the
   Islands number one industry.
4. __________ Quit rents were replaced by this.
5. __________ In 1830 voting rights were extended to
   this group of people.
6. __________ Ship John MacDonald brought his 200
   Highlanders to the Island on.

89
Review

1. How did the American Revolutionary War slow
   immigration on the Island?
2. What is the difference between distraint and
   escheat?
3. What were Pattersons crucial mistakes?
4. What lesson did Ready learn about the landlords
   that the other Governors did not?
5. Why did the Island at one point have two
   governors?
6. How could being a land-agent, landowner, and
   governor all at the same time be a conflict of
   interest?

90

1. Why was the Colonial office so reluctant to
   punish the landlords?
2. What was the opinion of the Island and British
   governments toward the Micmac?
3. What two things were important to the Scottish
   Highlanders?
4. Why would the Acadians return to the Island?
5. What was Palmers real reason for forming the
   Loyal Electors?
6. Why do you think C.D. Smith held the Island in
   such low esteem?
7. How did John Ready manage to stay popular on the
   Island?
8. Why would the Protestants on the Island not want
   the Catholics to be able to vote?

91
Essay Ideas for the Weak Minded

• C.D. Smith and his fight against the Island.
• Walter Patterson and the land auction.
• Lord Selkirk and his new plan.
• Egmont and Hollands plan for the Island.