History of Health Education

1
History of Health Education
2
Early History

• Trial and Error (lay-referral network)
• Medical lore passed down from generation to
  generation
• Throughout history people have always turned to
  some type of medicine man or physician for counsel

3
Ancient Cultures

• Good hygiene practices
• Paved streets, drains, sewer systems
• Code of Hammurabi
• Before science enabled us to determine pathogenic
  causes of disease, spiritual explanations and
  leadership prevailed

4
Greeks

• Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual
• Hippocrates and theatomic theory (p.43)
• Recorded observations
• between disease and
• geography, living conditions,
• climate, and diet

5
Romans

• Conquered the Greeks, but retained their medical
  knowledge
• Exceptional builders of water and sewage systems
• Attention to where they located towns and
  drainage
• Advanced study of human anatomy and surgery

6
Middle Ages

• In order for people to be protected, they built
  fortresses around their property and animals
• Overcrowding and sanitation
• Little emphasis on cleanliness in early
  Christianity
• Disease was caused by sin or disobeying God
• Time of great epidemics bubonic plague

7
Renaissance

• Beginning of change
• Disease and plague still rampant
• Bloodletting popular
• water casting
• Barbers performed surgery and dentistry
• Hygiene of royalty

8
Renaissance cont.

• Printing press invented so classical writing
  could be reproduced
• OK to study the human body and anatomy advanced
• Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope
• John Graunt made advancement in epi
• health boards began to be developed in
  communities

9
Age of Enlightenment

• Disease and plagues still raged
• Miasmas theory of disease took hold
• Mind and body were dependent on one another
• Edward Jenner discovered vaccine procedure for
  smallpox

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1800s (Bacterial period of public Health)

• First half of the century diseases continued to
  rage
• 1842 Edwin Chadwicks report
• 1849 John Snow and the Broad Street pump
• Louis Pasteur Germ theory of disease
• Joseph Lister antiseptic method

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Health Education Promotion in the United States

• Early colonial schools
• 1647 Old Deluder law
• By mid 1800s schools were tax supported and
  attendance was required
• 1850 first mandate to teach physiology and
  hygiene in all public schools
• 1850 - Shattuck Report

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• 1873 APHA started
• 1874-1890 Womens Crusade, later called the
  Womens Christian Temperance Union
• 1890s - medical inspections began
• 1901- Thomas Wood

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• 1914 - Demonstration projects began
• 1914 WWI, 1st large scale measure of health
  status of Americans
• 1920s-1930s many studies designed to clarify
  the role of health education
• Great Depression, 1929-1941
• WWII, 1939-1945

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• 1950 Health Education was emerging as integral
  part of elementary, secondary, college
  curriculum

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1970sThe Era of Prevention

• 1971 Coalition of National Health Organizations
  formed
• 1974 LaLonde Report
• Health Field Concept
• 1974 CDC was established
• 1979 Healthy People The Surgeon Generals
  Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
  was published

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1980s

• Promoting Health Preventing Disease Objectives
  for the Nation
• Initial Role Delineation study for Health
  Education
• Examination of professional preparation programs
  and professional competencies
• First Certified Health Education Specialists
  (CHES) recognized

17
1990s

• National Health Education Standards published
• Responsibilities/competencies for entry-level
  Health Educators published
• SOC designation for Health Educators
• Competencies Update Project (CUP)

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2000s

• Unified Code of Ethics
• Report of Joint Committee on Health Education
  Promotion Terminology
• Promotion of CHES
• Revised national HE competencies (3 levels) based
  on CUP
• Outcome-Based Education Practice

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Patient Protection Affordable Care Act

• Signed into law March 2010
• Expands health care coverage
• Should help health education specialists
• Focus on prevention preventive services
• Encourages promotes worksite wellness
• Evidence-based community prevention wellness
  programs
• Moves prevention toward the mainstream
• Some components of the law are already in place
• Major components required in 2014 not be fully
  implemented until 2019