Cover Slide

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Cover Slide
The American Pageant Chapter 14 Forging the
National Economy, 1790-1860
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Rapid Population Growth in US

• By 1860, 13 original states ? 33 states
• Population doubling every 25 years
• Key Factors
• U.S. 4th most populous western country
• Rapid urbanization ?

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Irish Immigration

• Impact of the Famine
• Became largest immigrant group to U.S.

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Discrimination Against Irish

• Role of Religion / Poverty
• Forced to create very close-knit communities ?
  
• Formed secret societies to combat bigotry
• The Ancient Order of Hibernians
• The Molly Maguires
• Extreme WASP views of Irish
• N.I.N.A.

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Irish v. Blacks

• Irish fiercely resented blacks
• Shared societys basement
• Competed for scarce jobs
• Race riots between black Irish dock workers
• Irish did not support the abolitionist cause
• Civil War draft riots

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Success of the Irish

• Acquired modest amounts of property
• Political activism
• Soon controlled powerful city machines
• Strong, motivated workforce

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German Immigration

• Over 1.5 million came b/w 1830-60
• Today 25 of all Americans have German ancestry
  
• Most were farmers, displaced by crop failures
  by other hardships
• Some were liberal political refugees
• Forty-Eighters

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Germans in America

• Most pushed out to the mid-west
• Very Independent
• Less politically potent
• Introduced beer
• Wet

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THE AMISH

• Distinct religious settlements in PA, IN, OH
• Founder
• They shun extravagance
• No modern conveniences
• Persecuted in Europe b/c
• For 200 years they have preserved their
  traditional way of life

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Nativism
Feared immigrants would outbreed, outvote, and
overwhelm Protestant natives
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Nativism

• Fear of papal power
• Order of the Star Spangled Banner
• "Know-Nothing" party (The American party)
• Advocated restrictions on immigration and
  naturalization
• Favored deportation laws of alien paupers
• Most nativists tended to join the Whig party
• Eventually most became Republicans

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Birth of America'sIndustrial Revolution

• Economic Inventions
• The Textile Industry began the Industrial
  Revolution in the U.S.
• Why did New England become center of the
  Industrial Revolution?
• Why was the South slow to industrialize?

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Economic Inventions

• Samuel Slater-
• Eli Whitney's
• changed America and the world
• raising cotton became highly profitable
• South ?
• Westward expansion into AL MS
• Stimulated American Industrial Revolution by
  supplying cotton to New England textile mills

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Economic Inventions

• Elias Howe/Isaac Singer
• Significance
• Charles Goodyear
• Samuel F. B. Morse
• 1800
• 1860

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The Textile Industry in the U.S.

• Francis Cabot Lowell
• Local farmers' daughters hired to work in the
  factories
• Textile factories sprang up all over New Eng. and
  mid-Atl. states
• Water power and steam power gradually replaced
  female labor
• Immigrant labor replaced female labor

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Why did New England become center of the
Industrial Revolution?
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Why was the South slow to Industrialize?
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The Business World

• Principal of Limited Liability
• Northern Wage Slaves
• Gains for workers
• voting rights for Laboring Males
• workingmen's parties
• Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

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Urban Slums
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Northwest Agriculture

• Ohio-Indiana-Illinois territory ?
• Used to feed booming Cotton Kingdom
• Key Inventions
• Farming changed from subsistence to large-scale,
  specialized, cash-crop agriculture
• Farmer Debt Increased (land machinery)
• Farmers demand new markets ?

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The Transportation Revolution

• Prime Motive Connect East to West
• Turnpikes
• Canals
• Rivers / Steam Power
• Railroads
• Clippers
• The Pony Express

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Forging the National Economy, 1790 - 1860
The Transportation Revolution
The Continental Economy
European Immigration
Irish in America
The Market Economy the Family
Nativism Assimilation
Germans in America
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The Old Immigrants
Germans
Irish