Individual and combined effect of management components of SRI on the productivity of irrigated rice

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Individual and combined effect of management
components of SRI on the productivity of
irrigated rice

• R. Rajendran, V. Ravi, N.Chelliah, and
• V. Balasubramanian

Professor (Agronomy), Tamil Nadu Rice Research
Institute (TNAU), Aduthurai, India
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SRI Modified SRI

• Management practices tailored to the local
  conditions
• Practiced in different names - countries/region
• As modified SRI in Tamil Nadu
• Initiated from 2002 in Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu

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Practices recommended for SRI
Practices Practices
Seedling age (days) 15
Seedlings per hill 1
Plant spacing (cm) 22.5 x 22.5
Planting geometry Square
Mechanical weeding/soil stirring Two cono/rotary weeder one HW (no herbicide)
Intermittent irrigation 2.5 cm up to flowering intermittently
Nutrient application OM fertilizers
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Objectives

• To study the individual effect of SRI
  components on rice productivity
• To study the synergistic effect of SRI
  practices
• To assess the factor productivity in SRI

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Experimental details

• Locations (2) TRRI, Aduthurai, TN, India
• SWMRI,
  Thanjavur, TN, India
• Year 2002 - 2004
• Variety ADT- R 45 (110 d )
• Design CRBD
• Replication 3
• Treatments 13

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Treatment details

• YOSCI (SRI)
• YOSCF
• YOSHI
• YORHI
• YMSCI
• AOSCI
• AMRHI
• YMRHI
• AORHI
• AOSHI
• AMSCI
• AMSHI
• AMRHF (conventional)

• Y - Young seedling (15 d )
• A - Aged seedling (25 d)
• O - One seedling/hill
• M - Multiple seedlings hill-1
• S - Square planting (22.5 x 22.5cm)
• R - Row planting (15x10 cm)
• C - Cono weeding
• H - Hand weeding
• I - Intermittent irrigation
• F - Flooding

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Impact of inter-cultivation on yield,
Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu, 2002-04
TRRI, Aduthurai Yield enhanced by 29
SWMRI, Thanjavur Yield enhanced by 46
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Impact of SRI SSNM on irrigated rice
productivity, Cauvery Delta,
Kharif and rabi 2003- 04
Prob gtF F0, 0.07 LCCN, 0.02 and K, 0.02
Rajendran et al., 2006
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Dominating Pests -- Leaf folder
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Impact of SRI on pest incidence
Detail Detail No. of valid seasons No. of valid seasons Conven-tional planting SRI method of planting
Pest incidence Pest incidence Pest incidence Pest incidence Pest incidence Pest incidence
Whorl maggot (LD) 5 5 11.56 11.56 4.82
Leaf folder ( LD) 8 8 12.97 12.97 21.04
Gall midge ( DT) 2 2 4.52 4.52 2.72
BPH (no./hill) 4 4 7.52 7.52 1.84
Stem borer ( DT) 6 6 9.86 9.86 5.48
Crop yield (kg/ha) Crop yield (kg/ha) Crop yield (kg/ha) Crop yield (kg/ha) Crop yield (kg/ha) Crop yield (kg/ha)
Grain yield 8 8 5,127 5,127 6,986
Ravi et al., 2006
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SRI SSNM on N use efficiency, Cauvery Delta,
Kharif and Rabi, 2003-04
Prob gt F For LCC-N K, 0.02
Rajendran et al., 2006
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Components of chlorophyll as influenced by
SRI practices, Kharif, 2005
Management / Variety Chlorophyll (a b ratio) Chlorophyll (a b ratio)
Management / Variety ADT 43 ADT RH 1
Conv. flooding 1.271 1.211
Conv. intermittent irrigation 1.331 1.431
SRI flooding 1.521 1.341
SRI intermitt. irrig. 1.561 1.591
Mean data
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Root growth as influenced by SRI
(inter-cultivation), Kharif, 2006
Treatments Root length (cm) Root length (cm) Root volume (cc) Root volume (cc)
Treatments ADT 43 PHB 71 ADT 43 PHB 71
Conv. flooding 11.6 12.0 21.8 19.3
Conv. inter. irrig. 15.2 15.1 23.3 26.3
SRI flooding 16.3 16.1 37.7 39.2
SRI inter. irrig. 16.5 16.5 51.0 57.7
CD (5) 0.7 0.7 4.0 4.0
On-going experiment
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Nutrient uptake (kg/ha), TRRI Farm, Cauvery
Delta, Kharif, 2005
Treatment Grain Grain Grain Straw Straw Straw
Treatment N P K N P K
Conventional 57.0 7.9 8.7 32.6 5.9 68.7
SRI 74.1 11.0 11.3 43.7 7.8 87.0
C.D. (5) 4.4 0.7 1.5 4.2 1.3 10.4
On-going research project
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Impact of older seedling age, Cauvery Delta,
Tamil Nadu, 2002 -04
TRRI, Aduthurai Yield reduced by 23
SWMRI, Thanjavur Yield reduced by 18
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Seedling age on rice productivity and profit,
Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu, Rabi, 2002-03
Seedling age Aduthurai Aduthurai Aduthurai Thanjavur Thanjavur Thanjavur
Seedling age Panicles/m2 GY (kg/ha) BC Panicles/m2 GY (kg/ha) BC
Traditional nursery 25 days 377 5874 2.6 344 5557 1.9
Modified mat nursery 15 days 452 7061 (20) 3.2 424 6583 (16) 2.7
C.D (5) 25 163 n. a 21 121 n. a
yield increase over aged seedling
Rajendran et al., 2005
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Influence of seedling age when planted, based on
leaf number, Cauvery Delta, Kharif 2006 Kharif
2007 (in progress)
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Panicle production
No. of leaves per seedling Panicles / sq. m Panicles / sq. m Panicles / sq. m
No. of leaves per seedling ADT 43 PHB 71 Seedling mean
2 391 404 398
3 438 456 447
4 397 423 410
5 350 402 376
Cultivar mean 403 425
C.D. (5) 10 10 15
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Rice grain yield
No. of leaves per seedling Grain yield (kg/ha) Grain yield (kg/ha) Grain yield (kg/ha)
No. of leaves per seedling ADT 43 PHB 71 Seedling mean
2 7595 7903 7749
3 9198 9457 9327
4 8016 8762 8889
5 7297 8299 7798
Cultivar mean 8277 8598
C.D. (5) 145 145 230
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Impact of flooding, Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu
2002 -04
TRRI, Aduthurai Yield reduced by 17
SWMRI, Thanjavur Yield reduced by 16
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Synergistic effect of SRI on rice productivity,
Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu, 2002 - 04
TRRI, Aduthurai Yield enhanced by 51
SWMRI, Thanjavur Yield enhanced by 46
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Factor productivity for SRI and conventional
rice cultivation, kharif and rabi, Cauvery
Delta, Tamil Nadu, 2002-04
Input use/cost Aduthurai Aduthurai Thanjavur Thanjavur
Input use/cost SRI Conven. SRI Conven.
Nursery cost efficiency (Rs./kg grain) 0.21 0.66 0.21 0.62
Water use (m3) 8,964 14,193 11,952 15,687
Water use efficiency (kg grain m-3 water) 0.81 0.34 0.63 0.33
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Factor productivity for SRI and conventional
rice cultivation, kharif and rabi, 2002- 04,
Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu
Input use/cost Aduthurai Aduthurai Thanjavur Thanjavur
Input use/cost SRI Conven. SRI Conven.
Fertilizer cost efficiency (Rs./kg grain) 0.64 1.01 0.62 0.93
Weeding cost efficiency (Rs./kg grain) 0.20 0.31 0.19 0.29
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Targeted yield attributes for enhanced grain
yield in SRI
Yield attributes Role of M SRI
1. No. of panicles/m2 2. No. of grains/panicle 3. No. of spikelets/panicle Genotypic potential of rice plant tapped through Improved crop establishment Soil stirring by cono-weeder Intermittent irrigation Synergistic effect of all SRI components
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Targeted yield attributes for enhanced
grain yield in SRI
Yield attributes Role of Modified SRI
3. Increased no. of spikelets/panicle Genotypic potential tapped through Improved grain filling which resulted in more grain weight than with traditional planting
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Improved grain quality in SRI
Treatments Grain length (mm) Grain width (mm) Kernel length (mm) Kernel width (mm)
Conventional 8.79 2.38 6.39 1.99
SRI 8.85 2.41 6.51 1.98
C.D. (5) 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.04
Cauvery Delta, Kharif, 2005
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What to do?

• For farmer-friendly and faster adoption of SRI
• Strengthening of nursery water management
  practices through community approach
• Training of farmers and farm labourers in
  square planting
• Mechanization of inter-cultivation
• Increasing awareness on healthy nutrient
  management, especially for N management

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Key is the healthy crop establishment
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T h a n k y o u