?????a

1
?????aµµa DICE ?a???s?as? ??a t? ???ast??? t??
?e?t??? ???ta-????a ?a???e??p??????a???????? 2011
2
?? e??a? t? p????aµµa DICE - ??sa???? st?
p????aµµa ?a? st?? ???es? p???t???? ?ate????s??
3
?? e??a? t? p????aµµa DICE

• ??e????
• ?p?st?????µe?? ap? t?? ??
• ??et??? ?????e?a?
• ??ap???t?st??? ??e??a
• ?p?d?as? t?? d?ast????t?t?? t?? ??pa?de?t????
  Te?t???/ ???µat??
• S?et??? µe t?? ßas???? ??a??t?te? t?? ??ssaß??a?
• ?p????????a st? µ?t???? ???ssa
• ?a?a??? p?? ?a µa?a???
• ??ap??s?p???, d?ap???t?sµ??? ?a? ?????????
  ??a??t?ta ??a??t?ta s?µµet???? sta
  ?????/????????? e?????
• ?p??e???µat???t?ta
• ????t?st??? ??f?as?

4
? e?e???t??? ?µ?da

• ?as???? ?pe?????? t?? ?µ?da?
• Hungary Káva Theatre in Education Company (Káva
  Kulturális Mûhely)
• ????
• Netherlands Foundation Leesmij
• Poland University of Gdansk (Uniwersytet
  Gdanski)
• Romania Sigma Art Foundation (Fundatia Culturala
  Pentru Tineret Sigma Art)
• Slovenia Taka Tuka Club (Durštvo Taka Tuka)
• United Kingdom Big Brum Theatre in Education Co.
  Ltd.
• S??e???te?
• Czech Republic Charles University, Prague
• Norway Bergen University College (Hogskolen i
  Bergen)
• Palestine Theatre Day Productions
• Portugal Technical University of Lisbon
  (Universidade Técnica de Lisboa)
• Serbia Center for Drama in Education and Art
  CEDEUM (Centar za dramu u edukaciji i umetnosti)
• Sweden Culture Centre for Children and Youth in
  Umea (Kulturcentrum för barn och unga)

5
? ß?s? t?? ded?µ????

• ?ed?µ??a ap? 4,475 µa??t?? ap? 12 ???e?, ap?
  111 p?????µµata e?pa?de?t???? ?e?t??? ?a?
  d??µat?? ?a? ap? t?? ?µ?de? e??????
• 1.080 d?af??et???? pa??µet??? µet?????a? ??a ???e
  µa??t?
• 4.833.000 st???e?a µ??ad???? ded?µ????
• ?e????? e?at??t?de? ?????de? s??d?se??,
  a????ep?d??se?? ?a? s??se?? ??e??st??e ?a
  e?etast??? a??µesa st?? pa?aµ?t????
• Stat?st??? ded?µ??a e??d?? µe?????? 1,23 GB
  (pe???aµß??eta? µ??? ? p??t? ?a? ßas??? a????s?)
• ???at?t?ta ??a p????? d?µ?s?e?se?? sta ep?µe?a
  ?????a
• ????µe ??a ???s????e?? ? ??a de??µa DNA t??
  ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
• S? a?t? t? st?d?? ep??e?t?????µe µ??? sta p??
  s?µa?t???, ßas??? ap?te??sµata

6
?as??? ap?te??sµata ?a? ? s???fe?? t??? ??a t??
e?pa?de?t??? p?a?t??? ?a? p???t???

• S???????µe??? µe s???µ??????? t??? p?? de? ?????
  s?µµet?s?e?
• se ?a???a p????aµµa ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a?
  ???µat??, ??
• s?µµet????te? st? p????aµµa
• ??????????ta? ?????te?a ap? t??? das?????? t???
  ap? ??e? t?? ap??e??
• ??s?????ta? p?? s??????? se d?ast????t?te?
  a?????s?? ?a? ?ata???s??
• ??s?????ta? p?? s??????? st?? ep????????a
• ???a? pe??ss?te?? p??a?? ?a a?s?????ta? ?t? e??a?
  d?µ?????????
• ???? a??se? pe??ss?te?? ?a p??a????? s???e??
• ?p??aµß????? pe??ss?te?? t?? s???????
  d?ast????t?te?
• ???a? ?a??te??? st? ?a ?????? p??ß??µata
• ???a? ?a??te??? st? ?a d?a?e??????ta? t? ?????

7

• 9. ???a? s?µa?t??? p?? a?e?t???? ap??a?t? st??
  µe????t?te? ?a? t??? ??????
• 10. ???a? p??? pe??ss?te?? e?e???? p???te?
• 11. ?e?????? pe??ss?te?? e?d?af???? ??a t?
  s?µµet??? t??? se e?????? ???e ep?p?d??
• 12. ?e?????? pe??ss?te?? e?d?af???? ??a t?
  s?µµet??? sta ?????
• 13. ?e?t??????? p??? pe??ss?te?? µe e?s??a?s??s?
  ?a? de?????? e?d?af???? ??a t??? ??????
• 14. ???a? pe??ss?te?? ??a??? ?a a??????? t??
  ?pt??? t??? ????a
• 15. ???a? pe??ss?te?? ?a???t?µ?? ?a?
  p??t?p???a???
• 16. ?e?????? pe??ss?te?? af?s??s? ?a? ?????
  pe??ss?te?a s??d?a ??a t? µ?????
• 17. ???a? pe??ss?te?? p????µ?? ?a s?µµet????? se
  ?p???d?p?te e?d?? t????? ?a? p???t?sµ??, ?a? ???
  µ??? st?? e?µ??e?t???? t???e? a??? a??µ? st?
  s????af?, t? d?µ??????a µ??s????, t??
  ?e???te???e? ?a? e??a? p????µ?? ?a s?µµet????? se
  d??f??e? p???t?st???? d?ast????t?te?

8

• 18. ?e????? pe??ss?te?? ????? St? s???e??,
  d?aß????ta?, ?????ta? d???e??? t?? sp?t???,
  pa????ta?, µ????ta? ?a? pe????? pe??ss?te?? ?????
  µe t?? ???????e?? t??? f???t????ta? ta µ????te?a
  ad??f?a. ??t??eta pe????? ????te?? ?????
  ß??p??ta? t??e??as?, ?????ta? p?????s? st?
  internet ? pa????ta? pa????d?a st?? ?p?????st?
• 19. K????? pe??ss?te?a ??a t?? ???????e??? t???,
  e??a? pe??ss?te?? p??a?? ?a ?????? ??p??a d???e??
  µe????? apas????s?? ?a? pe????? pe??ss?te?? ?????
  d?µ???????? e?te µ???? t??? e?te se ??p??a
  ?µ?da. ???a????? p?? s???? st? ??at??, se
  e???se?? ?a? µ??se?a, st?? ????µat????f? ?a?
  ?????? p?? s???? pe??p???a ?a? p?d??at?
• 20. ???a? pe??ss?te?? p??a?? ?a pa????? ?e?t????
  ???? st?? t??? t???
• 21. ????? ?a??te?? a?s??s? t?? ????µ??
• 22. ??s?????ta? ?a??te?a st? sp?t?

9
S???fe?a t?? p?????µµat?? DICE
10
S???fe?a

• S?????s? µe ???a p?????µµata a???????s??
  ??a??t?t?? µe????? ???µa?a?
• ?? DICE e??a? µ?a p??sp??e?a ?ste ?a ap?de???e?
  ?t? e??a? d??at?? ?a a?apt???e? µ?a µe??d?????a
  ??a t?? ??e??? ???? t?? ??a??t?t?? t??
  ??ssaß??a?.
• ? s?????? ded?µ???? ??a t?? ??a??t?te? ??e?
  sp???a e?etaste? st? pa?e????
• ??? s???ete? p???? ded?µ????
• S?????s? µe ???e? ??e??e? st?? t?µ?a t??
  ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
• ???? ???e? p?s?t???? µet??se??
• ?p? ?s? ????????µe, a?t? ? ??e??a ??e? t?
  µe?a??te?? de??µa ?a? t?? p?? s???et? s?ed?asµ?
  µ???? t??a pa???sµ???
• ??pa?de?t??? ?a? p???t?st??? p???t???
• ?????? s?µp???e?? ?? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a?
  ???µa ????e? se p???? ????afa t?? ??, ß?. DICE
  Policy Paper pp 21-26.

11
S?st?se??

• G?a t?? a????
• ?a a?apt????? µ?a s??e?d?t? st?at????? ??a t??
  efa?µ??? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??.
  ?a ?p?st??????? t?? ep??tas? ?a? t? ße?t??s? t??
  ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat?? µe ???e ??µ???
  ?a? ??????µ??? µ?s?
• ??a ta pa?d?? p??pe? ?a ????? ta?t??? p??sßas?
  st? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa st? s???e??
  t???, µe t?? e?s?µ?t?s? t?? sta e????? a?a??t???
  p?????µµata ?a? t? d?das?a??a t?? ap? ?a??
  e?pa?de?µ????? ?a? e?d??e?µ????? das??????
• G?a s??e??a??µe?a ?d??µata (s???e?a,
  ?a?ep?st?µ?a)
• ?a ?a??e??s??? ??a d??at? d??t?? ???a??sµ??,
  e?d???? st? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa,
  a?e???t?ta e?? e??a? d?µ?s?a ? ?d??t???

12
S?st?se?? ??a ta ????pa??? ?d??µata

• (1) ?pa?ap??sd????sµ?? t?? ßas???? ??a??t?t??
• ???pt??? e??a?e??? ??a t?? a???????s? ?a? t?? 8
  ?as???? ??a??t?t?? t?? ??ssaß??a?
• ??a?e???s? t?? ???sµ?? t?? ?as???? ??a??t?t??
  ?ste ?a µ?? est?????? µ??? st?? de???t?te? p??
  ??e?????ta? ?? ?a??? e??a??µe??? a??? ?a
  ?aµß????ta? ?p??? ?? a????p??e? a????e?
• (2) ???µat?d?t?s? ?a? d?a?e???s?
• ?? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa p??pe? ?a
  ?p?de????eta? ?? p??te?a??t?ta sta s?et???
  p?????µµata
• (3) ??a?????s?
• ????d?µ?s? st?at?????? s??e??as??? µe ?e?t????
  d??t?a ap?te???µe?a ap? ???a??sµ???, ??? ?a?
  epa??e?µat?e? t?? ?????

13
?as??? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? e?e???t???? µe??d?????a?
14
DICE Policy Paper page 27.
15
DICE Policy Paper page 28.
16
DICE Policy Paper page 28.
17
DICE Policy Paper page 30.
18
??pa?de?t??? ?????
19
A- ??sa????

• ?? p????aµµa DICE - ?? e??a? t? DICE ?e??????
  t?? ??????µµat??
• ?? p????aµµa DICE ? ?µ?da ?a? ?? ???a??sµ?? p??
  s??e???st??a?
• ??e???t??? ????µata S??t?µ? pe?????? t??
  ßas???? e???µ?t??
• ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa ?? e??a?
• ?? p????aµµa DICE ?? ???? µa?

20
B ??? t? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? t? ???µa
ße?t?????? t?? ßas???? ??a??t?te?

• ?e?µ????µ??? p?a?t??? 12 pa?ade??µata
  ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat?? ap? t? G??a,
  t?? ????a??a, t?? ???a?d?a, t? ???ß???a, t??
  ??????a, t? ???µa??a, t? Se?ß?a ?a? t? ???µ???
  ?as??e??.
• ??? te?µ????µ??e? p?a?t???? ??a ???e ??a??t?ta
• ?a?a??? p?? ?a µa?a???
• ????t?st??? ??f?as?
• ?p????????a st? µ?t???? ???ssa
• ?p??e???µat???t?ta
• ??ap??s?p???, d?ap???t?sµ??? ?a? ?????????
  ??a??t?ta, ??a??t?ta s?µµet???? sta
  ?????/????????? e?????
• ?a? µ?a ??t? p?? d?µ?????????e ap? t???
  s??e???te? t?? DICE
• ??t? ?a? a??µa pe??ss?te?a.

21
G ??????ta? ???? µ?a f??? t? ???? (DICE)
?? µp??e?te ?a ???ete

• ??apt?ss??ta? t? ???s? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t???
  ?a? ???µat??
• ??? ap?? ß?µata s?ed?asµ??a ??a
• das??????
• d?e????t??
• ?a???t???e?
• µa??t??
• pa?ep?st?µ?a???? ?a? e?pa?de?t?? das?????
• ???µ?st?? t?? p???t????

22
?- ?a?a?t?µata

• A - ???????a ???????ta? ???? t?? ?e?t??? ?a?
  t?? ???µat??
• B ???ete pe??ss?te?a ??? µp??e?te ?a ß?e?te
  pe??ss?te?e? p????f???e?
• ??ß?????af?a, d?e????se?? st? d?ad??t??,
  epaf??, µa??µata.
• G ??? µp??e?te ?a ep????????sete µe t??
  e?e???t??? ?µ?da

23
?p?d?as? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? t??
???µat?? st?? ??a??t?te? t?? ep????????a? ?a? t??
µa?a??? p?? ?a µa?a???
24
?p?d??se?? st?? ep????????a
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-t?ta
??????s? ?a? ?ata???s? (a?t?a???????s?) ?ata??? e????a ta s?????? ß?ß??a. ??? a??se? t? d??ßasµa. ?ata??? µetaf???? ?a? s?µß??a. ??? e??a? e????? ?a d?aß??? ef?µe??da. 3,8459 3,6352 4,21 plt0.000
??t?pep????s? st?? ep????????a (a?t?a???????s?) ?t??p?µa? ?a µ???? se µe???? a???at????. (t?µ? p?? µet?????e a?t?st??fa) ?e? t??µ? ?a e?f??s? t? ???µ? µ??. 3.7929 3.5499 4.86 plt0.000
????µ?? (a?t?a???????s?) ??? a?s??s? t?? ????µ??. 4.2508 4.0723 3.57 plt0.000
???a?a? 1 ?a??t?? p?? s?µµet????? s?st?µat??? se
d?ast????t?te? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
se s?????s? µe a?t??? p?? de s?µµet?????,
s?µf??a µe t? ßas??? ??a??t?ta ?p????????a st?
µ?t???? ???ssa.
DICE Policy Paper page 37.
25
?p?d??se?? st?? ??a??t?ta ?a?a??? p?? ?a µa?a???
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-t?ta
??µ????????t?ta (a?t?a???????s?) ???a? s?µa?t??? ??a µ??a ?a ???s?µ?p??? t? fa?tas?a µ??. ???a? s?µa?t??? ??a µ??a ?a e?µa? d?µ????????? (µe t? ?a pe??aµat???µa? ?a? ?a d???e?? µe d?af??et????? t??p???). 3,8459 3,6352 4,21 plt0.000
?p??aµß????ta? t? s???e?? ?a µa??µata µ?? e??a? e?d?af????ta. ?a???µa? ?ta? ????µa? st? s???e??. ?? d?s?a??? µ?? ?????? p?? ?a µe d?d????? ?a??te?a. 3.2968 3.1713 2.51 plt0.000
??? a?s?????ta? st? s???e?? Se µ?a ???µa?a ap? 1-10, ?p?? t? 10 a?t?p??s?pe?e? ?t? a?s?????ta? p??? ?a?? st? s???e??, e?? t? 1 ?t? a?s?????ta? ????a. 7.21 6.91 6 plt0.000
3,6045
3,2586
6,9
???a?a? 2 ?a??t?? p?? s?µµet????? s?st?µat??? se
d?ast????t?te? epa?de?t???? ?e?t??? ?a? d??µat??
se s?????s? µe a?t??? p?? de s?µµet?????,
s?µf??a µe t? ßas??? ??a??t?ta ?a??????ta? ?a
µa?a???.
???a?a? 2 ?a??t?? p?? s?µµet????? s?st?µat??? se
d?ast????t?te? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
se s?????s? µe a?t??? p?? de s?µµet?????,
s?µf??a µe t? ßas??? ??a??t?ta ?a?a????ta? ?a
µa?a???.
DICE Policy Paper page 43.
26
?p?d??se?? st? d?µ????????t?ta st? µ???s?
?p?d??se?? st? µ?s? ??? t?? ßa?µ?????a? st??
?a?a?st???
DICE Policy Paper page 39.
27
?? e?pa?de?t???? ??a ta pa?d??
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-t?ta
?p????????a ???µ?e? p??ta ?a e?f??se? t? ???µ? t??/t??. ????e? p???. ?t??peta? ?a µ???se? se µe???? a???at???? (t?µ? p?? µet?????e a?t?st??fa) ?p??e? ?a e?f??se? ?a?a?? t? ???µ? t??/t??. 3,5790 3,4018 3,54 plt0.000
?a?a??? p?? ?a µa?a??? ?ata??e? e????a ta s?????? ß?ß??a ? µ??µ? µa???? d?a??e?a? t??/t?? e??a? ?a??. ? ?e???? t?? ep?d?s? e??a? ?a??. ?p??e? ?a a?a??????e? s?ss?et?sµ??? ?a? ?a ß???e? s?µpe??sµata. ?p??e? ?a pa?a??????e? p??se?t???. ?e???e? a???t? ????? d?aß????ta? ??at? t??/t?? a??se? t? d??ßasµa. ?e??e? ?a d???µ??e? d?af??et???? ??se??. ????e?e? ????ta? ????t?a ?a? e????s?asµ?. ??e? p????? d???? t??/t?? ?d?e?. ??a??????e? ta d??at? t??/t?? s?µe?a. 3.6702 3.4892 3.62 plt0.000
DICE Policy Paper page 52.
28
?p?d??se?? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
st?? ????????? ??a??t?ta ?a? st?? e?e???
s?µµet??? sta ?????/????????? e?????
29
?p?d??se?? st?? ????????? ??a??t?ta
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-?ta
??s??a?s??s?/ ??a??t?ta ?a ß??p? ta p???µata ap? t?? ?pt??? ????a t?? ????? ?????? f???? p??spa?? ?a ?ata??ß? ?a??te?a t??? f????? µ??, a? fa?tast? p?? e??a? ta p???µata ap? t? d??? t??? ?pt??? ????a. ??ste?? ?t? ?p?????? d?? p?e???? se ???e e??t?s? ?a? p??spa?? ?a t?? ß??p? ?a? t?? d??. 3,7108 3,5845 2,53 plt0.000
??s??a?s??s? ?a? f???t?da ??a t??? ?????? S???? t??f? t??fe?? a?s??µata ?a? ????? e?d?af???? ??a a????p??? p?? e??a? ????te?? t??e??? ap? µ??a ?ta? ß??p? ??p????? ?a ?????ta? a?t??e?µe?a e?µet???e?s??, ????? p??state?t???? p??? a?t???. 3.9145 3.7072 4.15 plt0.000
?p???s? ???ß??µ?t?? ???? ta pe??ss?te?a ap? ta ?a??µe???? p??ß??µata. ???? t?? pe??ss?te?e? pe??pt?se?? s??a?s??µat???? f??t?s?? p?? eµfa?????ta?. ???spa?? ?a s?eft? d??f????? t??p??? ??a ???? ta p??ß??µata. 3,7542 3,6419 2,25 plt0.000
??t?µ?t?p?s? ?????? ?t??µ??? ??a s??d?? ??a d??s? ???spa?? ?a a?a??? ta p??ß??µata p?? eµfa?????ta? ?ts? ?ste ?a ta ?ata??? ?a??te?a. 3,6978 3,6420 1,12 plt0.052
DICE Policy Paper page 42.
30
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-?ta
????a???a st?? t??? ??? ????ete t? ??s? sa? st?? t??? ??a???te t?? p?? ?at?????? pe????af?. 1. ??µa? ????a??? p??s?p? se µ?a ?µ?da µa??t??. 2. ?e? e?µa? ????a??? p??s?p? a??? ?p???e? µ?a ?µ?da µa??t?? st?? ?p??a a????. 3. ?e? a???? se ?aµ?a ?µ?da a??? ??? f?????. 4. ??µa? s?????? µ????/ ? µ??. 2,17 2,11 1,2 plt0.020
????????? ap?d??? a????p?? e?t?? ?µ?da? (? ????te?? ap?de?t? e???t?ta, µe????t?ta ? ?????)48 3.9145 3.7072 plt0.000
????????? ap?d??? e??? ????st?? ?????? plt0.000
1. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa ?a µe??? st?? ?d?a ???a
µe a?t???. 2. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa a? ?ta?
?e?t???? µ??. 3. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa ?a ??ts?
µa?? t??? st? ?d?? ??a???. 4. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa
?a t??? ß????s? a? e??a? ??p??? p??ß??µa st?
d??µ?. 5. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa ?a e?µaste
f????. 6. ?e ?a e??a p??ß??µa ?a e??a a????/
????ts? p?? ?a e??a?...
3,1865
2,5051
13,63
2,5051
3,1865
13,63
3,3333
12,3
2,7183
12,3
2,7183
3,3333
DICE Policy Paper page 43.
31
?????µ?a ??a s?µµet??? se e?????? ??? µp????se? ?a p??e?? µ???? se d?µ???at???? d?ad??as?e? ????? ap?f?se?? e??e? t?? e??a??a ?a e?f??se?? t? ???µ? s?? ?a? µp????se? ?a ??f?se?? ??a d??f??a ??µata, ?a p??a??e? ?a ??f?se?? st? s???e?? s?? (p.?. ??a ta s?µß????a t?? s???e???) st?? p??? s?? (p.?.st?? ??µa???a??? ?a? ??µ?t???? e??????) st? ???a s?? (p.?. st?? ????e?t???? e??????) st?? e?????? ??a t? ????pa??? ?????ß????? 2,17 2,11 1,2 plt0.000
??e???? s?µµet??? ?p??e?? ?a fa?taste?? t?? ea?t? s?? ?a s?µµet??e? se ??p??a e?st?ate?a ? ?a ep??e???µat????e? ??a ??a s?µa?t??? d?µ?s?? ??µa ?a e?f???e?? t?? ap??e?? s?? st?? ef?µe??de?, st? ??d?? ? st?? t??e??as? ??a ??a s?µa?t??? ??µa ?a s?µµet??e?? se e?st?ate?a ??a ??p??? a????p?st??? ??µa ?? a?t?ß?st?? 3.9145 3.7072 4.15 plt0.000
0,6611
0,5831
7,8
0,6611
0,5831
7,8
0,6420
0,5268
11,5
???a?a? 3 ?a??t?? p?? s?µµet????? s?st?µat??? se
d?ast????t?te? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
se s?????s? µe a?t??? p?? de s?µµet?????,
s?µf??a µe t? ßas??? ??a??t?ta d?ap??s?p???,
d?ap???t?sµ??? ?a? ????????? ??a??t?ta ?a?
??a??t?ta s?µµet???? sta ?????/????????? e?????
DICE Policy Paper page 43.
32
?p?d??se?? st?? ????????? ap?d???
?p?d??se?? st?? e?e??? s?µµet???
DICE Policy Paper page 44-45.
33
?? e?pa?de?t???? ??a ta pa?d??
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-?ta
????????? ??a??t?ta ?a? ??a??t?ta e?e????? s?µµet???? sta ?????/????????? e????? ?p?d??eta? t?? ???µe? t?? ????? ???a? s??e???s?µ??/? µe t??? e?????e? ??a?e????eta? ?a?? t?? s??????se?? ???a? ?p?µ??et????/? ?a? ??e? t?? ??a??t?ta ?a pe??µ??e? ??a ??t?. ?????e?. S??e????eta? ?a?? µe t??? s?µµa??t?? t??/t??. ???a? ??a???/? ?a ??t?se? ß???e?a e?? ??e? ??p??? p??ß??µa ?a? µp??e? ?a e?f??se? t? p??ß??µa t??/t??. 3,8534 3,7115 2,72 plt0.000
DICE Policy Paper page 53.
34
?p?d??se?? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
st?? p???t?st??? ep????s?
35
?p?d??se?? st?? p???t?st???? d?ast????t?te?
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-?ta
?a?a?????- ???ta? ??ass??? p???t?st??? ?e????ta ?a?a??????? µ?a ???es? ??a??????? µ?a ?eat???? pa??stas? ????? µ?a s??a???a ??ass???? µ??s???? 2,17 2,11 1,2 plt0.020
???a????ta? s??eµ? ???p? ta???e? st? s??eµ? 4,4528 4.3727 1,6 plt0.014
?a?a????????ta? d?µ?f??e?? p???t?st???? e?d???se?? ????? µ?a s??a???a d?µ?f????? µ??s???? ?a?a??????? µ?a pa??stas? ????? 3,7542 3,6419 2,25 plt0.000
S?µµet??? se ?a???te?????? d?ast????t?te? p??a??e?? se ??p??? e??ast???? ?e???te???a? p??a??e?? se ??p??? e??ast???? ????µat????f?? s?µµet??e?? se ??p??a ????st?a s?µµet??e?? se ??p??a ?µ?da ?ea????? ?e?t???? ft????e?? ??p??? d??? s?? pe???d???
3,4078
2,9535
9,09
3,4078
2,9535
9,09
plt0.000
3,7875
3,4579
6,59
3,7875
3,4579
6,59
plt0.000
2,0668
1,4084
13,17
2,0668
1,4084
13,17
plt0.000
DICE Policy Paper page 48.
36
S?µµet??? se s??????a µ?sa ?a? s??????? µ??s??? µ????e?? µ??s??? ft????e?? ta d??? s?? ß??te? ft????e?? µ??s??? µe ?????? ???fe?? t?a???d?a plt0.000
S????af? G??fe?? s??t?µe? ?st???e?/???ß??e?/p???µata/?eat???? ???a ???fe?? t? ?µe??????? s?? (?a??µe???? ?µe???????) plt0.000
S?µµet??? se e??ast???? t???e? s?ed???e?? ? ????af??e?? d???e?e?? µe ta ????a s?? (?e???te???e?) t?aß?? f?t???af?e? d?µ?????e?? ??f?a?? t???? plt0.000
S?µµet??? se e?µ??e????? t???e? ???e?e?? s?µµet??e?? se ??p??a ?µ?da ????? a?eß??e?? pa?ast?se?? 3,7542 3,6419 2,25 plt0.000
S?µas?a ??s? s?µa?t???? e??a? ? p???t?sµ?? ??a s??a plt0.000
2,2200
1,8714
7,00
2,6119
1,7901
16,44
2,6119
1,7901
16,44
2,8861
2,4990
7,74
2,8861
2,4990
7,74
2,7005
1,9333
15,34
7,93
7,21
7,2
???a?a? 5 ?a??t?? p?? s?µµet????? s?st?µat??? se
d?ast????t?te? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
se s?????s? µe a?t??? p?? de s?µµet?????,
s?µf??a µe t? ßas??? ??a??t?ta ????t?st???
??f?as?.
DICE Policy Paper page 48.
37
?? e?pa?de?t???? ??a ta pa?d??
???µa?a ?e????? t?p???? e??t?se?? ap? t?? ???µa?a ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??s? t?µ? ap? t??? ?? s?µµet?-???te? st? d??µa ??af??? Stat?st??? S?µa?t???-?ta
????t?st??? ep????s? ???/t?? a??se? ?a pa?a??????e? ?a? ?a s?µµet??e? se ?a???te?????? d?ast????t?te?, ???/t?? a??se? ?a s?µµet??e? se d?ast????t?te? e?pa?de?t???? d??µat??. ???/t?? e?d?af??e? ? ?pt???? p???t?sµ?? ?a? ?? e??ast???? t???e?. ???/t?? a??se? ?a? ap??aµß??e? t? µ??s???. ? t??p?? p?? e?f???eta? e??a? p???s??? se s??a?s??µata. ???a? a????t??/? se p??s?p????, s??a?s??µat???? ?a? a?s??t???? eµpe???e?. ??f?a?eta? µ?-?e?t??? p??? ?a??. 2,17 2,11 1,2 plt0.000
3,4928
7,3
3,8580
3,4928
7,3
3,8580
DICE Policy Paper page 53.
38
?? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa ?a? ta ????pa???
e?pa?de?t??? s?st?µata
39
?? pa?????te? p?? ?p?st??????? ?a? ?? pa?????te?
p?? eµp?d????? t? ?e?t?????a ?a? t?? e??p??s? t??
??pa?de?t???? ???µat??.

• ?a?????te? p?? ?p?st???????- ?e????
• ?s?te???? ????t?p???s?, p??s?p???? de???t?te?,
  p?st?
• ?????s??d?? d???e??, at?µ??? p??t?ß????a
• ?p?st????t????, ?µpe???? ?a? af?s??µ???? d?s?a???
  ?a? d?e????t?? sta s???e?a
• ?a?da????? t?? ?e?t??? ?a? t?? ???µat??, d?s?a???
  ?a? pa?ep?st?µ?a??? st?? a??tat? e?pa?de?s?
• ?etapt???a?? p?????µµata se a?a?????sµ??a
  pa?ep?st?µ?a, ta?t??? µa??µata st?? e?pa?de?s?
  e?pa?de?t????, tµ?µata e?d??e?µ??a st?
  ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa, p???t???
  e?pa?de?t??? ?????
• ????e?? ???, d?µ?s??? ???a??sµ??/s???????,
  ?eat????? ?µ?de?, e?????? s??????? ??pa?de?t????
  Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
• ?p?st????t??? ??at?a, ?a???te????? ???t?a,
  ?a???te????? s?µß????a
• ??at???? ep???????se??, ?d??t???? ??????e?,
  e?????/d?e??? ep?d?t??µe?a p?????µµata
• ?t?s?a fest?ß?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a?
  ???µat??, e?e?d??e?µ??a e??ast???a, e?d????
  d?µ?s?e?se??, pa???s?a sta ???(????a,
  s??e?te??e??, ta???e?)

40
?a?????te? p?? eµp?d????? - ?e????

• ?e? ?p???e? a??et? ????t?p???s? a?t?? p??
  pa?????? ap?f?se??
• ?e? ?p???e? a??et? ????t?p???s? t?? das?????,
  ???e??? eµp????? t?? ?????? se ??µata p?? af?????
  st? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa
• ?? a?µ?d??? de? pa?????? sta s?ßa?? t? ???µa ?a?
  de? a?a????????? t?? ep?d?as? t?? sta pa?d??
• ????a???a t?? pa?ad?s?a??? µe??d?? d?das?a??a?
  sta s???e?a ?a? ???e??? a?a?e???s?? t??
  pa?da?????? ?a? t?? µe??d?????a?
• ???e??? ?????? t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a?
  ???µat?? ?? s?µa?t??? s?????? µ???µa
• ???e??? pa?ep?st?µ?a??? p????aµµ?t?? p??
  est?????? st? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa,
  ?aµ???? p???t?ta? ?p?????ta p?????µµata
  e?pa?de?s?? e?pa?de?t????
• ????? ???µat?d?t?s? ?a? ep???????s? t??
  ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
• ???e??? s?st?µat???? ??e??a?, e??te?????
  a???????s?? ?a? a?at??f?d?t?s??

41
???p?? µe t??? ?p????? ?? e?????? e?pa?de?t????
p???t????, ?? e?pa?de?t???? a???? ?a? ? ?? ?a
µp????sa? ?a ß????s??? t?? a??pt??? t??
??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??

• ??pa?de?t??? p???t??? ?e????
• ??s????ta? pa?da???????-µe??d????????
  µeta????µ?se?? st?? e?pa?de?s? t?? e?pa?de?t????
• ???s????ta? ??????µ??? t?? ep?µ??f?s? t?? e?
  e?e??e?a e?pa?de?t????
• ??s????ta? e?e???t??? p?????µµata st?? e?pa?de?s?
  t?? e?pa?de?t????
• ??s????ta? ?p???e?t??? µa??µata st?? e?pa?de?s?
  t?? e?pa?de?t????
• ??apt?ss??ta? pa?ep?st?µ?a?? p?????µµata ??a t??
  e?pa?de?s? das????? t?? ??pa?de?t???? ???µat??
• ???sf????ta? e?pa?de?s? p??? st? ??pa?de?t???
  ???µa st??? e?pa?de??µe???? e?pa?de?t?????
• ?????ta? t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa ?p???e?t??? µ???µa
  st? s???e??
• ?pe?d???ta? pe??ss?te?a ???µata st?? a??pt??? t??
  ??pa?de?t???? ???µat??
• ???sf????ta? t?? ?at?????? ?p?d?µ? ??a t?
  d?das?a??a t?? ??pa?de?t???? ???µat?? sta s???e?a.

42
?????? e?pa?de?t??? p???t???
?ed?? ?a??µßas?? ?a??µßas?
??a??t??? ?????aµµa ?????ta? t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa ?p???e?t??? µ???µa sta s???e?a.
??da?t??? ?e??d?????a ?p?st??????ta? t?? pa?d??e?t???? d?da?t??? µe??d?????a sta s???e?a.
??pa?de?s? ???sf????ta? ep?µ??f?s? ?a? e?pa?de?s? st??? e?pa?de?t????? p??? st? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa. ?????ta? se ????? t??? das?????? µ?a ßas??? ??a??t?ta/ep???e?a st? ???s? t?? ??pa?de?t???? ???µat??.
?pa??e?µat??? ?at?????s? ??a????????ta? t?? ?a?da???? ??pa?de?t???? ???µat?? ?? ep?s?µ? ep???e?µa.
??µ?s?e? S??se?? ?p?st??????ta? t? d???e?? st?? t?µ?a t?? d?µ?s??? s??se?? ??a t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa.
??e??a ?p?st??????ta? t?? e??te???? a???????s? ?a? ??e??a st? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa. S???e?t?????ta? ?a???t?µe? p?a?t????.
43
????pa??? ???s?
?ed?? ?a??µßas?? ?a??µßas?
??e???? S??e??as?a ???a?????ta? d?e??? s???d??a ?a? e??ast???a ??a t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa. ?p?st??????ta? ta d?e??? d??t?a das????? t?? ??pa?de?t???? ???µat??, t? s??e??as?a ?a? t?? a?ta??a???.
?p?d?µ? ?d????ta? d?e??? ???t?a ??pa?de?t???? ???µat??. ?????f????ta? ??a ??e?t?????? e??µe??t??? de?t?? ??a t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa
???????a t?? p???t?? ?p?st??????ta? p?????µµata t?? ???????a? t?? p???t?? ßas?sµ??a st? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa. ???sf????ta? ??????µ??? ß???e?a st??? s???????? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ???µat?? (e?pa?de?s?, ep???????s?).
??ße???t??? p???t??? ?s??s? p?es?? st??? a?µ?d???? ??ße???t????? a?t?p??s?p??? ?a? st??? a?µ?d???? ??a t? ???? ap?f?se??.
????????? ??? ???????ta? t? e?d?af???? ??a ????????? s????? ?a? d?µ???at??? s?µµet??? sta ????? (p???t?t?ta). ??apt?ss??ta? ?e????? ??a??t?te? ?a? t? µ???s? se ß????.
??e??a ?p?st??????ta? t?? ??e??a st? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa.
44
?a?eµß?se??
45
?p?te??sµata ?a? s???pe?e? t?? d???e??? µ?sa ap?
t? ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa

• ?a pa?d?? ß?????? t? d??aµ? t?? s??e??as?a? ?a?
  t?? ?µad???? d?µ??????a? p?? p??????? t??
  a?t?e?t?µ?s?, t?? ?µad??? ?pe?????t?ta, t??
  pe??f???a ?a? t?? ta?t?t?ta. S?µµet????ta? ta
  pa?d?? µp????? ?a ?ata??ß??? t?? ?atast?se?? µ?sa
  st?? ?p??e? ?a????ta? ?a ??s??? ??p???? ?????
  µ?sa ap? t?? a?a?????s? ?a? t?? eµp???? se
  t?t??e? ?atast?se??. ? d???e?? µ?sa ap? t?
  ??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa d??e? a??µa sta
  pa?d?? t?? e??a???a ?a pe??aµat?st??? µe ??????
  t?? d?? f???? ?a? µe ?a???e?. ????? t?? e??a???a
  µ?sa ap? t? ??pa?de?t??? ???µa ?a ß??s??? t? p??
  ?a ?ta? a? ?ta? ??p???? ?????. ?p?p???? ?e?d?????
  ?a???te?????? eµpe???e? ?a? ?????ta? p??
  d?µ????????.

46
?a?a?t???st??? t?? pa?d??? p?? s?µµet????? st?
??pa?de?t??? T?at?? ?a? ???µa
S??p?? ?a?a?t???st??? t?? pa?d??? p?? s?µµet?????
?a e??s???e? ? s??e??as?a, ? d?µ???????? ?µad??? d???e?? ?a? ? d???e?? p??? ??a? ????? st??? ??µ????????, ß?????? t? ??a t? ????, e????s??de?? s??e???te?
?a a?apt????? t?? ep????????a??? t??? de???t?te? ?a? t?? ??a??t?ta pa???s?as?? e??? ep??e???µat?? µe e??µ? ?a??? ?a? t?? ??a??t?ta t??? ?a e??a? a????t?? st?? ???µe? t?? ????? ?p?te?esµat???? ?µ???t?? µe ??a??t?te? st?? ep????????a
?a ?t?s??? ?????????? ??a??t?te?, t?? a????, t?? e?s??a?s??s?, t?? a????e????, ?a e??a?????e? ? ?et??? ????????? t??? a????ep?d?as? ?a? ?a d?µ???????e? eµp?st?s??? a??µesa sta pa?d?? ??t?p??s?p?? t?? e?p?da? ?a? t?? a??a???, ?t?µa µe e?s??a?s??s?
?a e??s???e? ? a?t?pep????s? ?a? ? a?t?e?t?µ?s? ?a? ?a ?p?st?????e? ? p??s?p??? t??? a??pt??? ?????p?? µe ?et??? a?t?e????a
?a µp????? ?a a?a?aµß????? e????e?, ?a µ????? p?? ?a ?????? p??ß??µata ?a? ?a pa?????? p??t?ß????e? ?????p?? p?? pa?????? p??t?ß????e? ?a? ????? t?? d???? t??? ?d?e?
47
3. ?p?te??sµata t?? pa?at???s?? t?? ??pa?de?t????
???µat??

• ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a µe???? f?sµa pa?da??????? ?a?
  d?da?t???? te?????? ?a? pa?at?????ta? p??? p??
  s???? a????ep?d??se?? p?? ?e?????? ap? t???
  µa??t?? se s?????s? µe a?t?? p?? ?e?????? ap?
  t??? e?pa?de?t?????
• Se ??a ta p?????µµata p?? a?a?????a?
  ???s?µ?p??????e ??a e??? f?sµa µ??f?? d???e???,
  ap? t? d???e?? se ?e?????a µ???? t?? s???t?se??
  µe ??? t?? t??? p?? ?t????ta? p??? st?
  d?ast????t?ta t?? µa??t??. ?at? t? d????e?a t??
  ???µat?? s?µßa????? ?a?da?e? a??a??? st?? µ??f??
  d???e???, ?a??? p??? ???e? efa?µ????ta? ??a p???
  ap? 10 ?ept? ?a? ?? pe??ss?te?e? ???s?µ?p?????ta?
  µ??? ??a ???a ?ept? ?ts? ta p?????µµata e??a?
  p??? p?? d??aµ??? ap ?t? ??a ?a?????? µ???µa.
  ?? ?a? ?? d?s?a??? e??????? t? p????aµµa, ?p???e?
  ??a? s?ed?? ?s?? a???µ?? p??t?ß?????? p??
  ?aµß????ta? ap? t?? µe??? t?? µa??t??, t? ?p???
  ap??a??pte? ??a? d?µ???at??? t??p? d?das?a??a?
  ?a? µ???s??

48
??pa?de?t??? ???µa µe µ?a t???,
?a?a?st????????e?a 1 ??a ?a? 55?.
??ast????t?te?
?a???s?as? ap? t? d?s?a??
S???t?s? µe ??? t?? ?µ?da
??ast????t?te? ???µat??
????e?? se ?e?????a
S???t?s? se µ????? ?µ?de?
Teat???? ?a??stas?
???a?a? 20 S????t?ta ???s?? d?af??et????
d?ast????t?t?? ??pa?de?t???? Te?t??? ?a? ???µat??
s?µf??a µe e??te?????? pa?at???t?? ?????aµµa ap?
t? ???µ??? ?as??e??.
DICE Policy Paper page 56.