Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC)

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Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC)

• Steven Davie
• Tetra Tech Inc.

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Overview

• Introduction to EFDC
• History of code and model development
• Peer Review and Validation of model
• Pre-processing Tools
• Post-processing Tools
• Simple setup and example
• Complex setup and example

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Introduction to EFDC (1 of 2)

• Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EFDC
• EFDC is a 2-D/3-D orthogonal curvilinear grid
  hydrodynamic model.
• EFDC can solve for the circulation and transport
  of material in complex environments including,
  estuaries, coastal embayments, lakes and
  offshore.
• EFDC also provides solutions for salinity,
  temperature, and conservative tracers with full
  density feedback to handle stratified conditions.

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Introduction to EFDC (2 of 2)

• EFDC Model Includes Internally Linked
• Hydrodynamics
• Sediment Transport and Toxic Transport Fate
• Public Domain Model
• The EFDC Model Has
• Extensive Application Track Record
• Peer Reviewed Publications
• Peer Review Panels for Major Applications
• EFDC Is Maintained by Tetra Tech with Primary
  Support from US EPA
• EFDC-Hydro Can Be Linked to WASP and CE-QUAL-ICM

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History of Development

• Developed by John Hamrick at Virginia Institute
  of Marine Science with Primary Support from State
  of Virginia
• VIMS Version (HEM3D) Frozen in 1996
• Tetra Tech, Inc. Has Continued to Develop,
  Maintain, and Support EFDC Since 1996.
• EPA Region 4 has supported revision of the code
  for only hydrodynamics and sediment transport and
  the ability to link with the WASP water quality
  model.
• Currently used by Federal, State and Local
  Agencies, Consultants, and Universities.

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EFDC Capabilities

• Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics with Coupled
  Salinity and Temperature Transport
• Directly Coupled Toxic Contaminated Sediment
  Transport and Fate Model
• Integrated Near-field Mixing Zone Model
• Pre-Processing Software for Grid Generation and
  Input File Creation
• Post-Processing Software for Analysis, Graphic,
  and Visualization

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Hydrodynamics (1 of 3)

• Three-Dimensional with 2-D and 1-D Options
• Boundary Fitted Horizontal Curvilinear-
  Orthogonal Grid and Sigma (Stretched) Vertical
  Grid
• Conservative, 2nd Order Accurate Finite
  Difference/Finite Volume Numerics
• Highly Efficient Two or Three Time-Level
  Semi-Implicit Temporal Solution
• Includes M-Y Turbulence Closure Model
• Dynamically Coupled Salinity and Temperature
  Transport

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Hydrodynamics (2 of 3)

• MPDATA and COSMIC Advection Schemes
• Newtonian Nudging Data Assimilation for Water
  Surface Elevation and Scalar Transport Variables
• Drying and Wetting of Shallow Areas
• Wave-Current Boundary Layers and Wave Induced
  Current via SWAN and RIFDIF Linkages
• Hydraulic Control Structures
• Vegetation Resistance
• 1D Channel Network Option Using HEC Type Cross
  Sections

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Hydrodynamics (3 of 3)
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EFDC Validation (1 of 2)

• 14 Years of Use on Over 100 Applications by
  Numerous Users
• Analytic Solutions for
• Tidal Propagation
• Oscillatory Boundary Layers
• Wind Setup Seiche
• Sediment Settling
• Cohesive Bed Consolidation
• Contaminant Partitioning and Diffusion in Bed
  and Water Column

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EFDC Validation (2 of 2)

• Simulation of Laboratory Experiments
• Tidal Propagation
• Salinity Intrusion
• Velocity Redistribution in Curved Channels
• Movable Bed Sediment Transport
• Mass and Energy Balances
• Field Scale Sediment and PCB Application
• Opposing Party Code Review in High Profile
  Superfund Application
• Widely accepted for regulatory purposes
• TMDLs, WLAs and NPDES permitting

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Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications

•  
• Hamrick, J. M., and T. S. Wu, 1997 Computational
  design and optimization of the EFDC/HEM3-D
  surface water hydrodynamic and eutrophication
  models. Next Generation Environmental Models and
  Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F.
  Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied
  Mathematics, Philadelphia, 143-156.
• Hamrick, J.M., 1994 Linking hydrodynamic and
  biogeochemical transport models for estuarine and
  coastal waters. Estuary and Coastal Modeling,
  Proc. Third Intl. Conf., M. L. Spaulding et al.,
  Eds., ASCE, New York, 591 608.
• Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003 Modeling of
  sediment transport processes and wind-wave impact
  in a large shallow lake. Journal of Hydraulic
  Engineering, ASCE (tentatively accepted)
•  
• Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003 Application and
  validation of a 3-D model in a shallow lake.
  Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean
  Engineering (accepted)
•  
• Ji, Z.-G., J. H. Hamrick, and J. Pagenkopf, 2002
  Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river,
  Journal of Environmental Engineering, 128,
  105-119.
•  
• Jin, K. R., Z. G. Ji, and J. M. Hamrick, 2002
  Modeling winter circulation in Lake Okeechobee,
  Florida. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and
  Ocean Engineering, 128, 114-125.
•  
• Ji, Z.-G., M. R. Morton, and J. M. Hamrick
  2001 Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine
  processes, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,
  53, 683-700.
•  
• Jin, K.-R., and Z.-G. Ji. 2001. Calibration and
  Verification of a Spectral Wind-Wave Model for
  Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Ocean Engineering,
  28(5), 573-586.

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Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications

•  
• Jin, K. R., J. M. Hamrick, and T. S. Tisdale,
  2000 Application of three-dimensional
  hydrodynamic model for Lake Okeechobee. Journal
  of Hydraulic Engineering, 126, 758-771.
• Moustafa, M. Z., and J. M. Hamrick, 2000
  Calibration of the wetland hydrodynamic model to
  the Everglades nutrient removal project. Water
  Quality and Ecosystem Modeling, 1, 141-167.
• Shen, J. Boon, J., and Kuo, A. Y. 1999. A
  numerical study of a tidal intrusion front and
  its impact on larval dispersion in the James
  River estuary, Virginia. Estuaries, 22(3),
  681-692.
• Shen, J. and Kuo, A.Y. 1999. Numerical
  investigation of an estuarine front and its
  associated eddy. Journal of Waterways, Ports,
  Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 125 (3), 127-135.
• Kuo, A.Y., Shen, J. and Hamrick, J. M. 1996 The
  effect of acceleration on bottom shear stress in
  tidal estuaries. Journal of Waterway, Port,
  Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 122 (2), 75-83.
• Wu, T. S., J. M. Hamrick, S. C. McCutechon, and
  R. B. Ambrose, 1997 Benchmarking the EFDC/HEM3-D
  surface water hydrodymamic and eutrophication
  models. Next Generation Environmental Models and
  Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F.
  Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied
  Mathematics, Philadelphia, 157-161.
• Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2003 Variational
  inverse parameter estimation in a cohesive
  sediment transport model an adjoint approach.
  Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
• Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2002 Variational
  inverse parameter estimation in a long-term tidal
  transport model. Water Resources Research, in
  press.

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Lake Okeechobee FL
EFDC Grids
Florida Bay FL
Savannah River and Estuary GA
Neuse River and Estuary NC
Fenholloway River and Estuary FL
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Jordan Lake NC
EFDC Grids
Logan Martin Lake AL
Mobile Bay AL
Lake Allatoona GA
Mobile Bay AL
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EFDC Pre-Processing

• Grid Generator
• Develop 2-D and 3-D grids
• Depth interpolation
• Includes bottom elevation
• Tangent points for complex shorelines
• EFDCView
• Model configuration
• Interactive boundary designation
• Execution control
• Launch post-processor

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Grid Generator
User may move primary and secondary control
points to fit a complex shoreline, then
regenerate the grid. The new grid is
automatically displayed
Move Control Point
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Interface
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Flint Simple Grid
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Remove Land Cells
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EFDCView (Preprocessor)
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Assigning Boundaries
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EFDC Post-Processing

• MOVEM (with WASP)
• EFDCView generates a Binary Model Data (BMD) file
  that can be viewed by MOVEM.
• Tecplot
• Animations
• Time series plots

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Flint Creek Example

• Flint Creek watershed in northern AL
• Drains to the TN River
• Grid and model development for the embayment

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Location Maps
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Flint Creek Example