WP 1 Waste Matter Aspects: Characterisation and Data Processing

1
WP 1 Waste Matter AspectsCharacterisation and
Data Processing

• Roland Fehringer
• Vienna University of Technology
• Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management
• http//www.iwa.tuwien.ac.at

2
Organisation of WP 1

• Leader
• IWA, Vienna University of Technology (22)
• Contributions
• Ressource Management Agency (11)
• BRGM (3)
• University of Stuttgart (2)
• Duration
• Month 1 till 21 (Sept. 2002)

3
Objectives of WP 1

• To define the data structure
• To characterise the waste input
• Guidelines for the use of MFA
• Transfer of know-how

4
Objective To Define the Data Structure

• Of the entire project - system- subsystem-
  processes- flows between (sub-)system and
  processes
• Based on the methodology of material flow
  analysis (MFA)

5
Objective To Characterise the Waste Input

• Into the waste management system
• In terms of quality and quantity
• Composition of waste and waste fractions
• Metals and non-metals

6
Objective Guidelines for the use of MFA

• For municipal solid waste management
• Including a rigid methodology of MFA
• Including the common terminology
• Methods for the determination of waste
  composition

7
Objective Transfer of know-how

• Concerning the
• Methodology of MFA
• Methods to determine the waste composition
• Municipal solid waste matrix

8
What is MFA?
Assessment of flows and stocks in a defined
system based on the mass balance principle
P
C
E1
I
P
R
W
R
E2
stock
system boundary
9
Why MFA ?

• Rigid method input output stock
• Easily understandable
• Transparent results
• 20 years experience
• Incorporation into jurisdiction
• MFA is a powerful tool for co-ordination that
  guarantees that the work of all partners can be
  linked together

10
Results

• Definition of the AWAST-System
• (Mixed) Waste matrix
• 3 methods to determine waste composition
• MFA Manual

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Definition of the AWAST-System

• System boundariesRegional and temporal boundary
• Goods, processes, subsystems
• Mixed waste, paper, biowaste, ..
• Grate incineration plant, underground storage,
• Sorting, biological treatment,
• Substances
• Non-metals C, N, S, Cl, F, P
• Metals Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg

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AWAST - Level 1
environment
environment
environment
environment
environment
trade, industry,
trade, industry,
(ENV)
(ENV)
(ENV)
(ENV)
(ENV)
buseiness, service
business, service
(TIBS)
(TIBS)
emissions
resources
emissions
supplies
resources
resources
supplies
CT
CT
TW
TW
TW
T
T
emissions
environment
(ENV)
T
transport
treated
of treated
waste
(recycling)
waste (T)
trade, industry,
business, service
products
(TIBS)
waste
private house-
pretreated
hold (PHH)
PHH
waste
trade, industry,
waste
business, service
TIBS
(TIBS)
collection
treatment
waste to
transport
other waste
waste
of waste
relevant pro-
treatment
of waste
OWP
cesses (OWP)
(TW)
(CT)
residues
imported
neighbouring
region (NR)
waste
resources
environment
L
(ENV)
trade, industry,
supplies
business, service
CT
(TIBS)
landfill
untreated
trade, industry,
supplies
business, service
waste
(L)
L
(TIBS)
emissions
environment
(ENV)
L
exported
neighbouring
waste
region (NR)
system boundary "AWAST"
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System structure AWAST

• Level 1 - Overview level
• Easy comprehensible and clear picture
• Highest aggregation of processes and goods
• Level 2 - Link level
• Connection between level 1 and 3 and between
  workpackages
• Level 3 - Data level
• Most detailed level,
• structure for data input

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Level 3 Collection of mixed waste (CM)
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Number of processes and goods
AWAST- System Processes Goods
Level 1 4 23
Level 2 15 ?
Level 3 42 about 300
Additional 5 external processes in all 3 levels
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Definition of MSW
other waste management
xy
sewage sludge
mining waste
industrial waste
trade/business w.
domestic refuse
bulky refuse
yard/gardening w.
waste motor oil
scrap vehicles
construction debris
agricultural waste
MSW
municipal solid waste
common disposed MSW
separately collected waste fraction
municipal plants
recycling, landfill
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Waste Matrices

• Objective complete data base for the simulator
• 1 mixed waste matrix
• 6 matrices for separately collected secondary
  materials (plastics, paper, biowaste, )
• 16 matrices for all other waste fractions (bulky
  waste, batteries, sewage sludge, market waste,
  cemetery waste, )

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Mixed Waste Matrix
mixed waste mass flux share water con. ash con. heating value Cl Cd Hg
mixed waste kg/(cap.a) g/100g of m.w. g/kg of m.w. g/kg of m.w. kJ/kg m.w. mg/kg m.w. mg/kg m.w. mg/kg m.w.
wood 6 2 6 0 252 20 0,0 0,00
paper 75 25 50 30 2.800 560 0,4 0,02
glass 21 7 2 68 - 48 0,1 0,00
ferrous metals 9 3 2 29 - 20 0,0 0,01
nonferrous metals 3 1 1 9 - 24 0,3 0,00
plastics 33 11 13 5 3.388 4.840 2,9 0,05
textiles 9 3 4 2 444 144 0,3 0,01
biowaste 90 30 195 14 1.050 788 0,1 0,02
others 54 18 81 20 693 495 2,0 0,50
total 300 100 353 176 8.627 6.937 6,1 0,61
MSW Incinerator     260 180 10.000 6.400 8,0 1,3
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Methods for determining waste composition
waste treatment products
consump- tion
waste treatment
production
waste
products
2b
2a
1
3
direct analysis
1
analyses by market research
2a
household statistics
2b
analysis of waste treatment products
3
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Direct waste analysis

• Qualified to determine
• geographic, demographic or seasonal differences
  in the composition of MSW
• energy and water content of MSW
• Classical approach
• France MODECOM
• Austria TB Hauer
• Labour intensive
• Collection, sieving, weighing, analysing, ...

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Indirect waste analysis

• Analyses by market research or household
  statistics
• Qualified to get an quick overview to single
  goods/products or substances within a waste
• Easy to do desk-work without field sampling or
  laboratory analysis

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Example Paper in MSW
data requirement

• production
• export
• import
• recycling
• amount of MSW

Source Die Österreichische Papierindustrie 1996,
ARO Report 1996
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Analysis of waste treatment products

• Qualified to determine the elemental
  concentration of waste
• on-line monitoring system by analyzing a single
  incineration residue only
• tool for quality control in waste management
• Necessary knowledge transfer coefficient of the
  selected elements

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MSW Incinerator Spittelau
off gas lt1
90

2
ESP-Ash
100
cadmium
household waste
lt1
waste water
lt1
filter cake

9

2
Source SGP-VA
bottom ash
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Manual Table of Contents

1. Purpose of this manual objectives
2. Introduction to MFA history
3. The methodology of MFA terms and definitions,
   procedures, results
4. Application of MFA in waste management
5. Determination of the composition of MSW 3
   different approaches
6. Examples MSW composition, thermal treatment,
   biological treatment, landfill
7. System Analysis Project AWAST boundary,
   modeling, definitions
8. Literature

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Conclusions

• Work of WP 1 is almost finished
• no delay
• no technical problems
• Teamwork worked very well
• Transfer of know-how (MFA) is going on
• THE END