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  ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? SARS ?? ???????????
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• 31.05.2006 ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????
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???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????,
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24
?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????, ?? ????
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?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????
?????BMJ  2008336976 (3 May),
doi10.1136/bmj.39563.495741.80 Reproductive
liberty and deafnessClause 14(4)(9) of embryo
bill should be amended or deletedAmendments to
the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990
are currently passing through the UK Houses of
Parliament.1 Clause 14, section 4, number 9
(lines 23-30, page 10) says that people or
embryos known to have a gene, chromosome, or
mitochondrion abnormality that confers a
significant risk of serious physical or mental
disability, serious illness, or other serious
medical condition must not be preferred over
those not known to have an abnormality. This
clause has been added to prevent positive
selection of deaf donors deliberately to result
in a deaf child, and one outcome would be that
deaf parents could not use preimplantation
diagnosis to select embryos with genes for
deafness. If passed, the bill would make it
illegal for a deaf adult to donate gametes for in
vitro fertilisation, even to close relatives. It
would be illegal for deaf parents, using
preimplantation genetic diagnosis, to implant
embryos with the genes for deafness if normal
embryos were available. Actively selecting for
deafness is controversial. However, research
indicates that few people want to do this,2 3 and
requests to clinics for the selection of
"disability" are low.4 So, is it necessary to
legislate against something that is unlikely to
happen and for which guidelines already exist?
This section of clause 14(4)(9) is
discriminatory. The wording implies that deaf
people are less valuable than "hearing" people,
and likewise for their embryos. This contradicts
attempts by the UK government to recognise the
equal status of deaf people in policy (through
recognising British sign language) and in law
(through equal rights for deaf people). Deaf
people wish to have equal rights when making
decisions about reproduction, even when genetic
technology is involved. We are therefore arguing
for this section of the clause to be amended or
omitted from the UK Human Fertilisation and
Embryology Bill. Steve Emery, research fellow1,
Teresa Blankmeyer Burke, bioethicist2, Anna
Middleton, consultant research genetic
counsellor3, Rachel Belk, genetic counsellor and
NIHR research fellow4, Graham Turner, chair of
interpreting and translation studies5 1
Department of Languages and Intercultural
Studies, School of Management and Languages,
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, 2
Philosophy and Religion Department, Gallaudet
University, Washington, DC 20002, USA, 3
Institute of Medical Genetics, School of
Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, 4
Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences,
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, 5
Department of Languages and Intercultural
Studies, School of Management and Languages,
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS
Middletona1_at_cardiff.ac.ukCompeting interests
None declared. ReferencesEaton L. Controversial
embryo bill receives second hearing in Lords. BMJ
20073351069. (24 November.) doi
10.1136/bmj.39406.478241.DB.Free Full Text
Middleton A, Hewison J, Mueller R. Prenatal
diagnosis for inherited deafnesswhat is the
potential demand? J Genet Couns 200110121-31.
Stern SJ, Arnos KS, Murrelle L, Welch KO, Nance
WE, Pandya A. Attitudes of deaf and hard of
hearing subjects towards genetic testing and
prenatal diagnosis of hearing loss. J Med Genet
200239449-53.Free Full Text Baruch S,
Kaufman D, Hudson KL. Genetic testing of embryos
practices and perspectives of US IVF clinics.
Fertil Steril 2006 Sep 19 Epub ahead of print.
26
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27

• ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?
  ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????,
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  ??????????????? ?????

28
? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????

• BMJ  2007335116 (21 July)
• Chinese drug agency chief is executed The
  disgraced former head of the Chinese State Food
  and Drug Administration, Zheng Xiaoyu, was
  executed on 10 July, after the failure of his
  appeal against the death sentence for bribery and
  dereliction of duty. On 29 May Mr Zheng was found
  guilty of taking 6.5m (0.4m 0.6m, 0.8m) in
  bribes and failing to ensure drug safety. On 6
  July his former aide, Cao Wenzhuang, was
  sentenced to death with a two year reprieve.

29

• Based on the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 and
  implementing
• Regulations 1996 by the Office of Government
• Ethics

30

• ?? ????????, ??? ? ????? ? ??????? ??? ??-??
  ?????? ? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??
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  ????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????
  ??? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ???????
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  ????????????.

31

• ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????
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32
FDA March 21, 2007

• ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????
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  ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????????
• ??????????????? ????????
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• ?????? ??, ? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????
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  ????????????.

33
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34
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35
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