Trends in India

1
Trends in Indias Rice production and
productivity SRI vs Conventional method of rice
cultivation - A statistical and economic
perspective

• S. Ravichandran
• R. Mahender Kumar
• M. Srinivas Prasad
• V. Ravindra Babu
• P. Muthuraman

Directorate of Rice Research Hyderabad , India
2
Introduction

• Rice is Life 44 of population depends on rice.
  We need to produce 127 million tonnes by 2025 and
  180 million tonnes by 2050.

3
Rice scenario
4
Year on Year Yield Improvement
Year Yield increase (in kg) Year Yield increase (in kg)
1966 - 67 1 1988 - 89 224
1967 - 68 169 1989 - 90 56
1968 - 69 44 1991 - 92 11
1970 - 71 50 1993 - 94 144
1971 - 72 18 1994 - 95 23
1973 - 74 81 1996 - 97 85
1975 - 76 190 1997 - 98 18
1977 - 78 219 1998 - 99 21
1978 - 79 20 1999 00 65
1980 - 81 262 2001 - 02 178
1983 - 84 226 2003 - 04 333
1985 - 86 135 2005 - 06 118
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Crop-wise water requirement
S.No. Name of the crop Water Requirement (mm)
1 Rice 1240
2 Ragi 400-450
3 Bajra 400-550
4 Maize 400-450
5 Groundnut 550
6 Wheat 450-600
7 Cotton 650-850
8 Sunflower 350-500
9 Tobacco 300-400
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SRI over Conventional

• Water is the Elixir of Life.
• Rice crop requires more water
• By SRI, in 10 area, if we save 20,30 and 40
  water, 500,740 and 1000 million mm is saved. A
  huge amount of money saved.
• That means, additional 0.4 mha rice can be grown
  or 2-3 times of other cereals.
• Seed saving 20 kg/ha
• Five times less hybrid seed is used lower seed
  requirement in SRI.
• Less chemical fertiliser in SRI.
• No chemical control of pests and diseases.
• More Yield in SRI

7
Cost of Cultivation
S.No. Activity Cost in Conventional Rupees SRI
1. Nursery Preparation 2110 681
2. Main Field preparation 2005 2005
3. Nutrient Management 7254 7254
4. Transplanting 2400 3200
5. Weed Management 3200 1520
6. Water Management 300 240
7. Plant Protection 660 660
8. Harvesting 3500 3500
Total 21,249 19,060
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Cost of Cultivation (activity-wise)
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Benefit Analysis
S.No. Item SRI Conventional
1. Yield 7.1 t/ha 6.7 t/ha
2. Gross Return (per ha) Rs.39050 Rs.36850
3. BC ratio 2.04 1 1.73 1
SRI is beneficial to farmers. By converting, 10
area under SRI, saving of RS.43 million/season
10
Potential Yield Improvement under SRI
S.No. Area under SRI () Yield Improvement () Inc. in rice production (million tons)
1 10 10 0.31
2 10 20 0.62
3 20 10 3.47
4 20 20 6.94
5 30 10 7.80
6 30 20 15.60
7 40 10 13.87
8 40 20 27.73
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Conclusions and Recommendations

• SRI method is the solution for increase in rice
  production and productivity.
• Resources like water, seed, chemical ferilizers
  can be saved.
• Increased production, productivity and benefit
  cost ration by adopting SRI.
• Large scale adoption may be recommended by
  policy advisors to meet food security with lower
  resources.

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References

• S.Ravichandran and P.Hemasankari (2006) Water
  The elixir of life, Kisan World, December 2006.
• Fausett, L. (1994). Fundamentals of Neural
  Networks, New York Prentice Hall.
• M.S.Swaminathan (2006) Report of sub-committee on
  more crop and income per drop of water.
• International Rice Research Institute (2001)
  Annual reports, 2000-01 Rice Research the way
  forward, IRRI, Las Banos, Phillippines.
• T.M.Thiyagarajan, H.Hengsdijk, and Brindaban
  (2005) Transitions in agriculture for enhancing
  water productivity Proc.of an Int.symposium,
  TNAU, TNadu.