????: ????(major component

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Che5700 ??????
????

• ???? ????(major component impurities),
  ?(phase)??, ???????, ???, ??, ??????, ??
  (shape)/?? (morphology)???, ?????????. ??????,
  ???, ?????, ????, ??????.
• ?? powder (????), particle (primary, secondary),
  colloid, agglomerate (soft, hard), aggregate,
  granule, crystallite ??????????
• ????????????(particle system)
• Isotropic versus anisotropic property

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• In general
• lt1 µm colloids gt44 µm granule
• Granular if gravity force important
• colloid gravity force insignificant
• Powder surface force also important

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?????????
Che5700 ??????

• Bulk chemical analysis (a) ?? ??gravimetric,
  titration, colorimetric) (b) ????
  spectroscopic (AA, ICP-AES, etc.)
  ??????????major, ?minor??, ????trace????,
  ?????????, ???????.
• Phase analysis XRD, microscopy
• Surface analysis ?????????? (ESCA, etc.)
• Thermochemical thermophysical analysis

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??? ??agglomerate size/ultimate particle
size???????, ??????bulk density ?? (??)
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From JS Reed,2nd ed. ?? CO2, SO3 ???????? ?
?????????? (BaO SrO)/ (TiO2) ????????1.0,
???fired density? dielectric constant
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PCE pyrometric cone equivalent index MBI
methyl blue index???????? MOR modulus of rupture
??
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From JS Reed, 2nd ed. ????????????
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(No Transcript)
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? Diffuse Fourier transform infared spectrum (D
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Oxygen Content in Oxides
Che5700 ??????

• ??APL, 58(22), 2506, 1991
• ???????, ???????, ????n or p type????, ???????,
  e.g. ZnO, SnO2, In2O3, etc. ? ????????,
  ?????????????
• ?????????? EPMA, ??4Kev???, ???sputtered tin
  oxide??, ???????10-4 ?-m ??EDS???. ????????
  ????, ?????, In???????????

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?? ??????? ? ??????? ? carrier conc. ? (excess
oxygen in film)
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Phase Analysis
Che5700 ??????

• XRD ???????, ????????5, ?????
• ???? ???????(e.g. from ASTM) ???????
• ???? (a) internal standard ?????????(????)???,
  ????? (b) ????????, ?????? x Ia/(Ia Ib)
• ED electron diffraction, ??????????????, ??TEM??

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? roughly, ????5, ?????????????1
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From JS Reed,2nd ed.
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????TEM, ?????????????? (from ??????? (???????))
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Electron diffraction????????, ??EDS energy
dispersive spectroscopy ????????(from ???????
(???????))
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Surface Analysis
Che5700 ??????
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???
Che5700 ??????

• ??
• ? TGA thermogravimetric analysis ???
• ? DTG differential TGA ????????
• ? DTA differential thermal analysis ???
• ? DSC differential scanning calorimetry?????
• ? TMA thermo-mechanical analysis ???????????
• ????????, ????????????

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• system BaCO3 TiO2
• 830, 990oC ?BaCO3 structural transition
• 1190, 1257oC?BaCO3????, ????Ba2TiO4 and then
  BaTiO3