Afghanistan Nationalism

1
Afghanistan Nationalism

• By
• Ebony Uribe
• Cindy Nguyen

2
Nationalism Definition

• Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of
  culture, or a social movement that focuses on the
  nation. It is a type of collectivism emphasizing
  the collective of a specific nation.
• Nationalism Drive
• Control
• Power
• Domination
• Unity

3
History

• Crossroad between different civilizations.
• 522 BCE--486 BCE- Persia conquerd Afghanistan
• 329 BCE 326 BCE- Alexander the Great of
  Macedonia
• conquered Afghanistan
• 652- Arabs introduce Islam.

4
History cont.

• 1332-Descendants of Ghorid rulers conquer
  Afghanistan.
• 1613-1689- Uprising against Moghul government.
• 1736 - Nadir Shah (head of Persia)
• occupies parts of Afghanistan.
• 1747- Shah is assassinated. Afghans, establish
  modern Afghanistan.

5
History cont.

• 1773- 1793- Rule of Timur Shah. Internal revolts.
• 1826- Dost Mohammad Khan establishes control.
• 1836- Britain invades.
• 1843- Annihilation of British troops
• Afghanistan is independent again.
• 1934- USA formally recognizes Afghanistan.

6
History Cont.

• 1994-Taliban militia are born.
• 2001- Taliban destroy historical momentums.

7
9/11

• Taliban - September 11th suicide attacks on the
  U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and destroy the
  two towers of the World Trade Center and part of
  the Pentagon.

8
Opposition Suppressed

• Ahmad Shah Masood
• In April 2001, he was visiting Europe to gain
  support against the Taliban.
• Two days before 9/11, Masood was killed by
  assassins posing as journalists.
• Abdul Haq
• Was trying to create a popular uprising in
  Afghanistan against the Taliban in the wake of
  the September 11th attacks.
• Executed by the Taliban in October 2001.

9
Languages

• Most common languages
• Eastern Farsi/ Dari
• Pashto
• Other
• Uzbek Turkmen
• 30 minor languages
• Bilingualism is common
• Big difference in literacy rates for males and
  females.

10
Religions

• Mid-1980s
• 30,000-150,00 Hindus Sikhs in varies cities
  (mainly Jalalabad, Kabul, Kandahar)
• 99 Muslim
• 74-80 Sunni
• 19-25 Shia
• Small Jewish community
• Last one is Zablon Simintov

11
Taliban

12
Education

• Obstacles
• Lack of funding
• Unsafe school building
• Cultural norms
• Lack of women teacher
• Rapid change in the face of higher education
• After 2001, Kabul University was reopened to
  both genders.

13
Education cont.

• 2006 American University of Afghanistan opened
  its door accepted students from Afghanistan
  the neighboring countries
• New military school with purpose of properly
  training educating their soldiers

14
Media

• Media was very restricted
• Censorship slowly loosend after 2001
• Reporters Without Borders listed the media
  environment as 1st for most free

15
Ethnic Groups
Population large variety of Ethnic groups No
exact distribution

• 41 Pashtun
• 38 Tajik
• 10 Hazara
• 6 Uzbek

• 2 Turkmen
• 1 Nuristani
• 1 Baloch
• 1 other

16
Economy

• One of worlds poorest countries.
• Recovering from decades of conflict.
• Has improved significantly since fall of Taliban.
• Extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependant
  on foreign aid, agriculture, and trade with
  neighboring countries.
• Main source of income is agriculture.
• Industry based on agriculture and pastoral raw
  materials.

17
Economy Continued

• Sheep farming is extremely valuable.
• Rich in natural resources.
• 8 billion in bilateral debt.
• 500 million in debt to Multilateral Development
  Banks.
• Unit of money Afghani
• Population below poverty line 53
• Unemployment rate 40

18
Taliban's New Target Mobile -Phone Towers

• destroyed a mobile-phone tower
• No telephone signals during the evening and
  overnight
• Taliban want to damage economy
• Mobile networks are
• important for
• ordinary Afghans

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Current Event- June 8, 2009

• New troops to defeat Taliban.
• Marine buildup will occur in Hemland.
• USA is helping Afghan government vs. Taliban.

20
Future of Afghanistan

• Taliban moves away
• Less US troops
• Country unites
• Less censorship
• Improved education
• Kabul rebuilt

21

• The
• End