Material-scale Heterogeneous Functional Integration

1
Material-scale Heterogeneous Functional
Integration

• Reduce the c-Si (or other active materials) by 2
  or 3 orders of magnitude
• Integrate multiple functions and create scalable
  manufacturing approach

MANUF.APPROACH
CONCEPT
CHALLENGES

• Scale up of Manufacturing
• Materials Design
• Thermal Management
• Reliability

2
Large-Area Nano-patterning

• Increasing efficiency of conversion of radiant
  energy, decrease material use
• CONCEPT

MANUF. APPROACH

• Development of economic, non-vacuum, large-area
  patterning techniques
• Direct patterning of metals
• Examples
• Direct write methods
• (see Park, et. al. Nat Matl. 610, 782-789,
  2007)
• Superionic stamping
• (see Hsu et. al. Nano Lett. 72, p446, 2007)
• Imprint lithography

• Increase coupling with different wavelengths
• Orthogonal transport of photons and electrons

Figure taken from Nick Fang, UIUC
CHALLENGES

• Nano-patterning meter-scale areas on a dime
• Process robustness
• Reliability and Lifecycle issues

3
Manufacturing Anti-Icing Surfaces for Windmills

• Windmills do not function when ice coated
• Icing limits where windmills can be built
• Existing paints and coatings not good enough
• Microstructures can significantly mitigate icing
• Manufacturing requirements
• scalable to large areas
• curved surfaces
• inexpensive materials and processes

W.P. King, University of Illinois and Hoowaki LLC