THE SOVIET UNION

1
THE SOVIET UNION

• Chapter 29 Section 4

2

• Social Changes in the Soviet Union

3
What did Lenin accomplish? (Vladimir Ilyich
Ulyanov)

• Nationalization all major industries under
  state control
• NEP
• Some private ownership of businesses and farms
  allowed to operate
• Name changed - U.S.S.R.
• Social Classes Communist party bosses at the
  top

4

• Source A
• There wasnt any food in the country. We were
  down to little bread each. Then suddenly they
  started the NEP. Cafes opened. Factories went
  back into private hands. It was Capitalism. In
  my eyes it was the very thing I had been fighting
  against.
• A Boshevik, remembering the 1980
• Interpret this quote Who said it (Why is this
  important), What year is the quote from (Why is
  this important?) What is the topic of the quote?
  What is the author saying?

5
What problem did Lenins death create in 1924?

• Lenins death - creates a power struggle between
  Trotsky and Stalin because there is no
  replacement plan for a leader

Lenin dies of a stroke At 54yrs old in 1922
6
Who was Leon Trotsky?

• Leader of the Red Army
• 2nd most important person in Communist Party
• Lost power struggle with Stalin to control the
  Party
• Exiled and eventually assassinated in Mexico City
  with an ice pick

7
Life Under Stalins Dictatorship

• Interpret this political cartoon. What does it
  say about life in the U.S.S.R under Stalin? How
  do you know?
• Remember to look at the images, titles, symbols,
  and captions.

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What was life like under Stalins Dictatorship?

• One of most brutal dictators in the world
• Ruled through terror
• Secret Police created climate of fear

9

• Political Changes in the USSR under Stalin

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How did STALIN gain power?

• General Secretary of Communist Party with power
  to remove/appt. officials
• Removed supporters of Trotsky
• Communist Party voted him as leader
• Trotsky exiled and killed on Stalins orders

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What was theterror famine?

• Stalin used starvation to destroy the opposition
• Kulaks
• anti-Communist in the Ukraine

12
What were the Purges?

• Stalins elimination of his political rivals
  during the 1930s
• Millions expelled, arrested, put in labor camps
  or shot

13

• Economic changes in the USSR under Stalin

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What was Stalins Five Year Plan?

• Set Russias economic goals for 5 years
• Focus on industrializing heavy industry and
  increasing agricultural output
• Heavy Industry steel production, large-scale
  manufacturing
• Few consumer goods produced
• Agriculture collectivized farms

We will turn the Five year plan into a four year
one
15

• Source A
• The USSR was turned into a modern state.
• There was genuine Communist enthusiasm among the
  young Pioneers.
• There were huge achievements in the following
• New cities
• Dam/hydroelectric power
• Moscow Subway
• Farm machinery
• Electricity
• Coal
• Steel
• Fertilisers
• Plastic
• No unemployment
• Doctors Medicine
• Education

• Source B
• Poorly organized inefficiency duplication of
  effort and waste.
• Appalling human cost
• Discipline (sacked if late)
• Secret police
• Slave labor
• Labor camps (for those who made mistakes)
• Accidents deaths (100,000 workers died building
  just one canal)
• Few sconsumer goods
• Poor housing
• Wages FELL
• No human rights
• Some historians claim the Czars had done the work
  to set up industrialization and that Stalins
  work had very little effect on a process that
  would have happened anyway

Task Debate with a friend Were the 5 year
Plans a success or a sham?
16
What is a collective farm?

• Peasants work land owned by the Government
• Produced food for Soviet people and to export
• Exports would pay for industrialization without
  having to borrow from west
• Kulaks - prosperous anti-communist peasants
  opposed collectivization

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What were the Results of the 5 Year Plan?

• Soviet Union became an industrial power
• Workers received low wages or none at all
• Food was in limited supply
• Collective farms unable to produce enough food
• Millions died

18
Which of the following were reforms by Stalin?

1. Purges of Political Enemies
2. Collectivization of Farms
3. Increase in Industrial Production
4. All of the Above

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When Lenin died, who was expected to take over?

1. Trotsky
2. Alexander II
3. Stalin
4. Kerensky

20
What did the NEP stress?

1. Private ownership of farms
2. Collectivization of Farms
3. Small scale manufacturing of consumer goods
4. Government ownership