Lymphatic System

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Lymphatic System

• AP Chapter 15
• Pg 461

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Introduction

• Consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes,
  and lymph tissue

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Lymph

• Thin watery fluid
• Made of interstitial, or intercellular fluid that
  forms when plasma diffuses into tissue spaces.
• Composed of water, digested nutrients, salts,
  hormones, CO2, lymphocytes, and metabolic waste

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Lymphatic Vessels

• Located throughout the body
• Lymphatic capillaries small saclike open-ended
  vessels acts like drainpipes picks up lymph at
  tissues throughout the body capillaries joint
  together to form larger lymphatic vessels
• Lymphatic vessels carry lymph
• Skeletal muscle contraction causes lymph flow

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Lymphatic Vessels cont

• Vessels pass through lymph nodes
• Contain valves that keep lymph flowing in one
  direction
• Specialized lymphatic capillaries (lacteals) are
  located in the small intestine
• Pick up digested fats or lipids
• Lymph is mixed with lipids chyle
• Lacteals transport chyle to the bloodstream

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Lymph Nodes

• Popularly called glands
• Located all over the body, usually in small
  clusters
• Small round masses ranging in size from a pinhead
  to an almond
• Lymph vessels bring lymph to the nodes

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Lymph Nodes

• Nodes filter out impurities such as
• Carbon
• Cancer cells
• Pathogens
• Dead blood cells
• Lymphatic tissue in nodes also produce
  lymphocytes (a type of leukocyte WBC), and
  antibodies (substances that fight infection)

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Lymph Nodes

• Purified lymph, with lymphocytes and antibodies
  added leaves the lymph node by a single lymphatic
  vessel

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Lymphatic Ducts

• As lymphatic vessels leave the lymph nodes, they
  continue to join together to form larger lymph
  vessels
• Eventually they drain into one of two lymphatic
  ducts Right or the Thoracic

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Lymphatic Ducts

• Right Duct
• Short tube
• Receives all the purified lymph form the right
  side of the neck and head, the right chest, and
  the right arm

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Lymphatic Ducts

• Thoracic Duct
• Much larger tube
• Drains lymph from the rest of the body
• Empties into the R Subclavian Vein, returning
  purified lymph to the blood

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Lymphatic Ducts

• Thoracic Duct cont
• Enlarged pouchlike structure called the cisterna
  chyli is located at the start of the thoracic
  duct and serves as storage area for purified lymph

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Lymph Tissue

• Located throughout the body in addition to being
  in lymph nodes
• Tonsils, spleen, and thymus are examples of
  lymphatic tissue
• Tonsils Masses of lymph tissue filter
  interstitial fluid 3 pairs of tonsils
  palantine, pharngeal (adenoids), and lingual

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Lymph Tissue

• Spleen
• Organ located on L side in back of the upper part
  of the stomach
• Produces leukocytes and antibodies
• Destroys old RBCs Stores RBCs
• Destroys thrombocytes,
• Filters some metabolites and wastes from tissue

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Lymph Tissue

• Thymus
• Mass of lymph tissue located in the center of the
  upper chest
• Atrophies or wastes away after puberty and is
  replaced by fat and connective tissue

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Lymph Tissue

• Functions during early life by producing
  antibodies and manufacturing lymphocytes to fight
  infection
• Function is taken over by lymph nodes after it
  atrophies